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The Magna Carta is one of the most important documents in history as it established the principle that everyone is subject to the law, even the king, and guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial.

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This was the rebirth and revival of learning and art. The main goal of the Renaissance was to create new ideas in the world and to see things for yourself rather than what was told about the world from the past 1000 years.

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The Plague (Black Death) Arrives In England - 1346

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The Plague (Black Death) Arrives In England - 1346

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The Plague is known as one of the world greatest catasrophes. Killing around 60 million people in about 7 years. 60% of Europes population.

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The Hundred Years' War was a long struggle between England and France over succession to the French throne. MAny names were edged into history as a result of this war. To name a few, Joan of Arc, King Philip King John, King Charles.

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During the rule of the Ming Dynasty, China's population doubled. The Ming dynasty established trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West.

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This was the first book made by the printing press and established the new technology for hundreds of years to come.

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This was the epitome of the renaissance as it shows the progression of art and culture. Painted by one of the greatest artists in history Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni simply known as Michelangelo.

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 Christopher Columbus lands in the Bahamas (October 12, 1492) 

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 Christopher Columbus lands in the Bahamas (October 12, 1492) 

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Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and colonizer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the New World for conquest and permanent European colonization of the Americas

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 The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed (June 7, 1494)

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 The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed (June 7, 1494)

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The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the “New World” of the Americas between the two superpowers. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a line in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Painted by Leonardo Da Vinci is probably on of the most controversial paintings in human history.

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Raphael paints the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament 

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Raphael paints the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament 

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The Disputation of the Sacrament, or Disputa, is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael.

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First enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas (1511)

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First enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas (1511)

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These were the first Africans in The Americas prediminantly Florida wich was occupied by the spanish at the time.

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Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (October 31, 1517) 

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Martin Luther’s 95 Theses (October 31, 1517) 

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The 95 Theses created two central beliefs—that the Bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds.

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 Hernán Cortés the Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztec empire (1521

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 Hernán Cortés the Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztec empire (1521

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Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador, or conqueror, best remembered for conquering the Aztec empire in 1521 and claiming Mexico for Spain.

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 Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory (1543

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 Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory (1543

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The Heliocentric theory laid the foundation for modern astronomy. Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who put forth the theory that the Sun is at the center of the Universe, and that the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the Sun.

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 Queen Elizabeth takes the throne of England (November 17, 1558)

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 Queen Elizabeth takes the throne of England (November 17, 1558)

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Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death. She was very well-educated, fluent in five languages, and had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents. Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the most glorious in English history.

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Jamestown, founded in 1607, was the first successful permanent English settlement in what would become the United States. The settlement thrived for nearly 100 years as the capital of the Virginia colony.

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 Ming Dynasty Ends (1644) Qing Dynasty Begins (1644-1912) 

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 Ming Dynasty Ends (1644) Qing Dynasty Begins (1644-1912) 

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The Qing multi-cultural empire lasted for almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for modern China. It was the fifth largest empire in world history in terms of territorial size.

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 Isaac Newton publishes “Principia,” a landmark work that established the universal laws of motion and gravity (1687)

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 Isaac Newton publishes “Principia,” a landmark work that established the universal laws of motion and gravity (1687)

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The Principia states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics; Newton's law of universal gravitation; and a derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. This is considered one of the most important books in the history of science.

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The Glorious Revolution, also called The Revolution of 1688 and The Bloodless Revolution, ultimately changed how England was governed, giving Parliament more power over the monarchy and planting seeds for the beginnings of a political democracy.

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 Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia (1689)

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 Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia (1689)

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Peter I, better known as Peter the Great, is generally credited with bringing Russia into the modern age. During his time as czar, from 1682 until his death in 1725, he implemented a variety of reforms that included revamping the Russian calendar and alphabet and reducing the Orthodox Church's autonomy.

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The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution.

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The event in Boston helped to unite the colonies against Britain. What started as a minor fight became a turning point in the beginnings of the American Revolution. The Boston Massacre helped spark the colonists' desire for American independence, while the dead rioters became martyrs for liberty.

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 Congress approves the final text of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) 

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 Congress approves the final text of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) 

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The Declaration of Independence is an important part of American democracy because first it contains the ideals or goals of our nation. Second it contains the complaints of the colonists against the British king. Third, it contains the arguments the colonists used to explain why they wanted to be free of British rule.

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George Washington is inaugurated as the first U.S. President. (April 30, 1789)

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George Washington is inaugurated as the first U.S. President. (April 30, 1789)

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Washington is often called the Father of His Country. He not only served as the first president of the United States, but he also commanded the Continental Army during the American Revolution and presided over the convention that drafted the U.S. Constitution.Apr 17, 2020

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Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

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Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

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On July 14 an angry mob stormed the prison known as Bastille on the east of Paris. This was a pivotal moment in French history as it was the driving force the French Revolution.

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 King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine (January 21, 1793)

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 King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine (January 21, 1793)

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Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed for treason. Louis had failed to address France's financial problems, instigating the French Revolution that eventually descended upon him. He made matters worse by often escaping to more pleasurable activities like hunting

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 Maximilien Robespierre beheaded by the Guillotine (July 28, 1794)

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 Maximilien Robespierre beheaded by the Guillotine (July 28, 1794)

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Robespierre is best known for his role during the Reign of Terror, during which he oversaw the arrest and execution of numerous political adversaries whom he and his allies deemed to oppose the Revolution.

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Revolution and Independence in Haiti (January 1, 1804)

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Revolution and Independence in Haiti (January 1, 1804)

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The Haitian Revolution, which took place between 1791-1804, is significant because Haiti is the only country where slave freedom was taken by force. It was the only successful slave revolt in modern times.

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 Napoleon crowned Emperor of France (December 2, 1804)

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 Napoleon crowned Emperor of France (December 2, 1804)

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Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military general, the first emperor of France and one of the world's greatest military leaders. Napoleon revolutionized military organization and training, sponsored the Napoleonic Code, reorganized education and established the long-lived Concordat

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 The Slave Trade is abolished in the British Empire (May 25, 1807)

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 The Slave Trade is abolished in the British Empire (May 25, 1807)

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On 25 March 1807, the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act entered the statute books. Nevertheless, although the Act made it illegal to engage in the slave trade throughout the British colonies, trafficking between the Caribbean islands continued, regardless, until 1811.

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 Ludwig van Beethoven composes his famous Ninth Symphony (1822-1824)

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 Ludwig van Beethoven composes his famous Ninth Symphony (1822-1824)

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He was inspired by the ideals of freedom and equality that were on display during the French Revolution, and his Ninth Symphony celebrates the ideas of brotherhood and fraternity. Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was first performed on May 7, 1824, after he had completely lost his hearing.

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Victoria is the second-longest reigning British monarch. Victoria's reign saw great cultural expansion, advances in industry, science and communications. The building of railways and the London Underground.

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The Gold Rush significantly influenced the history of California and the United States. It created a lasting impact by beggining significant industrial and agricultural development and  shaping the course of California's development by spurring its economic growth and facilitating its transition to statehood.

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Charles Darwin published theory of evolution (1859)

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Charles Darwin published theory of evolution (1859)

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Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

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CQ Press Library | Sage Learning Resources

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Learn about major issues from current and historical perspectives and the inner workings of the U.S. government from authoritative, accessible, and unbiased sources

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Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables (1862)

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Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables (1862)

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Victor Hugo wrote Les Misérables with a goal to address the causes and outcomes of social injustice in nineteenth century France.

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Wilhelm I appoints Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister (1862)

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Wilhelm I appoints Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister (1862)

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Otto von Bismarck remains one of the most significant political figures of modern Germany. This stature derives from his contribution to the creation and shaping of the modern German state as Prussian minister president and imperial chancellor from 1862 to 1890

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 Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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 Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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The Emancipation Proclamation led the way to total abolition of slavery in the United States. With the Emancipation Proclamation, the aim of the war changed to include the freeing of slaves in addition to preserving the Union.

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The Second industrial Revolution (1870-1914)

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The Second industrial Revolution (1870-1914)

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Historians have labeled the years from 1870-1914 as the period of the Second Industrial Revolution. While the First Industrial Revolution caused the growth of industries, such as coal, iron, railroads and textiles, the Second Industrial Revolution witnessed the expansion of electricity, petroleum and steel.

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World War I was the first truly global war and had a profound effect on the 20th century. Today, it is remembered for the horrors of warfare, the sacrifice of millions of soldiers, and the effect it had on the rest of the 20th century.