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1. The similarities both of the chicken and allosaurus is its has same-shaped of toe, even the number of toes they had are the same. The structure of both legs is almost identical, specially both had a metatarsal bone.
2. The differences of both animal is the size of bone. Allosaurus bone is slightly bigger and ticker than chicken bone, and perhaps allosaurus is larger than a chicken literally. The chicken also had a lot of feather around its skin, and allosaurus did not seems to have them.
3.  In this case similarity is important than differences because by looking its similarity, we would know that perhaps the origin of chicken is from evolution of allosaurus. Thus, the "ancestor" of chicken is allosaurus.
4. In academic study, we compare phenomenon, idea, and objects so that we could organize both new and known information. Also by comparing idea we can highlight subtle differences between objects or concepts and, in turn, that will help us make better decisions.

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1. The similarities of the two animals are their foot shape which is look alike. Both of them have the same number of toes and metatarsal bone.
2. The differences is chicken has opposable toes but allosaurus has non-opposable toes.
3. In this case, differences are more important because we need to learn that there are many types of toes and every type of toes have their own function.
4. By comparing objects, phenomena and ideas, we will produce some of knowledge such as similarities and differences. Then, that will help us to decide the value of the objects, phenomena or ideas whether it is better or not. Lastly, we comparing so that we will enhance our critical thinking and gained more knowledge.

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1.  From the picture, this two animals have a similarity with their metatarsal bone structure and the number of toes.
2. For the differences, the hind limb digits  chicken has opposable toe while Allosaurus have non-opposable toe.
3. The differences is more important to consider in this case. This show the difference of movement of the chicken and Allosaurus.  The scientists at the University of Chile had reported that chemically preventing the movement of the limb hind during chicken development resulted in limbs exactly like Allosaurus.
4. We compare objects, phenomenon and ideas to get a better knowledge of the case. Secondly, we get to know the pros and cons in detail to make a better choices. Lastly, the differences can give us to get the concept of the ideas is better than other.

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1. Both have similar bone structure. There were hollow spaces in the neck and anterior back vertebrae, which held air sacs used in respiration.
2. The differences is clearly shown in the picture. Chickens have opposable toe for perching, allosaurus however did not have opposable toes. Allosaurus have long bony tail while the chicken tail is shortened.
3. Differences is more important to be considered in this case. The differences they opposed help the researcher to experiment some evolutionary change that occur. For example, scientist had  altered chicken embryos and by doing these, chicken feet grew to resemble those in allosaurus.
4. - To provide a better knowledge on phenomena that happening.
- Easier for us to make a choice after considering the advantages and disadvantages.
- Comparisons can prove that one concept or object is superior to another.

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1. From the picture, similarly both chicken and dinosaur have two legs and metatarsal bones.
2. Chicken has an opposable toe unlike dinosaur has non-opposable toe.
3. Differences is more important, this is because both of this animal has different ways of moving. This is because chicken can only move in smaller radius while dinosaur can move in larger radius.
4. We compare to evaluate which better than the other, to be able to explain the reason why certain phenomenon happened, and lastly to enhance our knowledge in every aspects.

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1) What are the similarities?
2) What are the differences?
3) Which is more important to consider in this case - similarities or differences - and why?
4. In academic study, why do we compare objects, phenomena and ideas? (Give 2 or 3 reasons)

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The pros of increasing our reliance on robotic were maximum productivity and throughput. An industrial robot increases speed for manufacturing processes, in part by operating almost non-stop. Robots do not need breaks or shift changes, for example. The speed and dependability of robots ultimately reduces cycle time and maximizes throughput.

Inevitably, the cons are leaving humanity  job loss. Job loss is by far the most significant opposition frequently brought against the use of robots in the manufacturing industry. Industry workers of all levels, from entry-level to veterans, worry about the security of their employment status, and the ability of their job to be replaced by a robot.

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There are pros and cons of increasing our reliance on robotics. The first and the foremost advantage of having robots in workplaces is their cost. Robots are much cheaper than humans and their cost is now decreasing. There is no doubt that robots are significantly stronger and faster than humans. Because robots are more active and don’t get tired like humans, the collaboration between humans and robots is reducing absenteeism. The pace of human cannot increase hence robots are helping humans.

Where robots are increasing the efficiency in many businesses, they are also increasing the unemployment rate. Because of robots, human labour is no longer required in many factories and manufacturing plants. Robots operate on the basis of information fed to them through a chip. If one thing goes wrong the entire company bears the loss.

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By increasing the reliance on robotics can be a good thing or may bring a negative impact depend on the progression of the countries itself. As we know, the robotics can be functioning to help and perform a physical task accurately than human workers especially in workplace. These robotics may useful for doing the jobs which only the develop countries that have more money can invest in this technology, but it also might bring a problems in the future. This is because the unemployment rates might be rising if to much robotics use in workplace. For undeveloped countries, the unemployment issues may not effect much because the investment for these robotics are quite low. So, it can be a pros to reliance more on robotics if the countries can balance to use the production of technology with the problems of unemployment issues smartly.

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It can't be denied that the increasing reliance on robotics bring positive impacts, as well as negatives one. Robotics is playing pivotal role in helping humans work more effectively, especially in developed countries as they have more money to invest in technology. Since most factories are converted to robotic manufacturing, this means robots will continue to displace huge numbers of workers. The fear that the workers will become unemployed have been pointed out.
Changes and transformation are necessary, but the workers concern who might lose their jobs need to solve out. These workers need to be retrained for other jobs to avoid any negative impact on economy.

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Reliance on robotics can be a good thing, but depends on where it is applied. It can be a great thing to have if we are in a busy and well developed country, these robots can ease many lives such as being room service in hotels. Unfortunately, it cant be a great thing for undeveloped countries. If they are less job demand because of robots taking over, the country will have the increased in unemployement and possibly increase in poverty.

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http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42170100
Is our increasing reliance on robotics a good thing?
Discuss the pros and cons and conclude with an evaluation.

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1. In my opinion, the strongest arguments is some people fears the general belief that too much caffeine is dangerous. This supported by research indicates that energy drinks can improve brain function and help you stay alert when you're tired.However, there are also concerns that energy drinks may contribute to heart problems .One review showed that energy drink use has been implicated in several cases of heart problems, which required emergency room visits.

2. So far the weakest argument were the government shouldn't make a choice and parents have to educate their children to consume energy drinks. This statement is arguable due to some parenting-diet based is not oftentimes would working great. The way is too vulnerable and needing a greater step to achieve its goals.

3. In my opinion, i agree with the writer because multiple studies confirm that energy drinks can indeed improve measures of brain function like memory, concentration and reaction time, while also reducing mental fatigue. With a controlled intake and consumption, there's shouldn't be a problem for those who consume it.

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1. The main topic of this arguments is about taking energy drinks whether it is good or bad for children. The arguments for taking energy drinks are the energy drinks are approved by the FDA even they have caffeine. Plus, there is scientific evidence that caffeine has some important health benefits such as relieve headache and improve physical performance.

The arguments against taking energy drinks is having too much which excessive caffeine would lead you to death. It is also containing a lot of sugar which can lead into heart problems and diabetes. Children who consume energy drinks without guide would be harmful for them and the energy drinks would make them become addictive and over-consuming.

2. In my opinions, I think the energy drinks should be banned for Malaysian under the age of 18. This is because the underage is not guided well enough about the energy drinks. They need to know about how much caffeine and sugar they can consumed so that it will not be harmful for them.

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1. The arguments about energy drinks which is nearly all energy drinks contain the ingredient caffeine to stimulate brain function and increase alertness and concentration.Also,nearly all energy drinks contain the ingredient caffeine to stimulate brain function and increase alertness and concentration.

2. In my opinion, energy is not suitable for Malaysian teenagers under 18, due to there's several health risk issue for taking energy drink. Thus, there's a bunch of research shown that energy drink is causing some health problems to the individuals whom taking it.

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1. The strongest argument would be the one that no clear evidence that proves energy drinks are harmful to children. The fears that most people believe, that energy drinks contain excess amounts of caffeine are just unjustified. They should aware that one can of energy drink have less caffeine compared to a cup of coffee. In fact, caffeine come with some positive effect. A 75-mg serving of caffeine can increase attention and alertness. Caffeine can also improve physical performance during endurance exercise. These benefits can be obtained by consuming energy drinks moderately.

2. I think, the weakest argument is educating teenagers by teach them to consume moderately. Unfortunately, our young people aren't heeding that advice. This can be proven by a research indicates 83% of teens drink caffeinated beverages regularly, and almost 96% consume them infrequently. It also found out that many kids report chose to drink energy drinks as a way to loss weight.

3. In my personal opinion, I do agree with the writer, we should not ban the sale of energy drinks to minors. All type of ages can consume safely in moderation. Parents can help children educate how to moderate their consumption and safe intake levels with healthful diet by learning how to determine caffeine content in every item, as well as the number of servings per container. Research shown that moderate caffeine consumption can help to improve memory and reasoning in sleep-deprived individuals.

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1. The arguments against taking energy drinks are undoubtedly about harm and effects, such as excess amount of sugar and unnecessary calories. These will be change into fat. This commonly would happen to non-athletic user of energy drink as insufficient energy demand cannot process excess calorie input and be stored as fat. This can lead to obesity and other health problems.

2. In my opinion, energy drinks should not be ban for Malaysians under the age of 18. Firstly, energy drinks do not contain excessive amount of caffeine. One can of an energy drinks have less caffeine than most single-serve coffees. There was also lack of scientific evidence linking the drinks to negative behaviours.

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1. In my opinion, the strongest point from the arguments are about some people fears from general belief that too much caffeine is dangerous to children even though there is insufficient evidence of the harmful effects from the caffeine. This is because there were state from scientific evidence that has some important health benefits which determine as a strong evidence provided.

2. I think the arguments about the government should not make a choice rather than parents to educate their children to consume energy drinks responsibly is the weakest point in this essay. This is because not all the parents always observe and tend to proper nutritional choices in their children daily intake diet. So, this argument did not have a strong evidence which can be argue more.

3. For my personal opinion from the essay, I do agree with the writer because of several evidence which show the benefits of this energy drinks to the consumer rather than banned it because there are many insufficient evidences that show it will be dangerous especially for children not like liquor that have many harmful effect to the people health. But these drinks should be consumed in moderate intake regularly to ensure a proper healthy diet in life.

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Discuss these questions in a small group.
1. Look at the five arguments presented in the body paragraphs of the essay. Which argument do you think is the strongest one? Why?
2. Which argument do you think is the weakest one? Why?
3. What is your personal opinion about the topic? Do you agree or disagree with the writer? Explain your answer.

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Answer
1. The arguments are about the harm of caffeine in energy drinks to children underage of 18 years old. Caffeine contained in other drinks as well eg. : tea, coffee, chocolate, etc. In fact, current research still cannot prove yet the amount of caffeine & additive in energy drinks can be harmful for underage children.

2. In my opinion, energy drinks should be banned for Malaysian under the age of 18. This is because there are still risks for them consumed excessive amount of caffeine for their body. Eventhough there arent clear statement on the harm of the caffeine amount in the drink, it is best to avoid any circumstances.

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Answer: (Exercise 1)
1. The arguments about against taking energy drinks are for many cons if this drinks consumed regularly. It contains with  caffeine like guarana and taurine which can make someone really addictive and can be lethal and harmful if overdose in consuming this drinks and also it contains too much sugar that can cause heart problem, ADHD or diabetes.

2. Energy drinks should be banned for Malaysian under the age of 18 because the caffeine intake for the teens is low and if it taken overdose, it will bring harmful and high risk of health problems to youngsters.

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Discussion Exercise 1 Questions
1. What are the arguments for and against taking energy drinks?
2. Should energy drinks be banned for Malaysians under the age of 18?