# data[].attributes.body
Does space exploration bring us benefits our resources? Yes because If we did not do space exploration we would not have a lot of things such as satellites and that can bring us the internet and Gps.

# data[].attributes.body
If we did not do space exploration we would not have a lot of things such as satellites and that can bring us the internet and Gps.

# data[].attributes.body
Satellites are important for space exploration because they give us Internet and a lot of other things

# data[].attributes.body
Space exploration can also help us because they can send things such as robots to mars or the moon to see if there is any living things our water.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Two years ago, planetary scientists reported the discovery of a large saltwater lake under the ice at Mars's south pole, a finding that was met with excitement and some scepticism. Now, researchers have confirmed the presence of that lake - and found three more.

The discovery, reported on 28 September in Nature Astronomy, was made using radar data from the European Space Agency's Mars-orbiting spacecraft, called Mars Express. It follows the detection of a single subsurface lake in the same region in 2018 - which, if confirmed, would be the first body of liquid water ever detected on the red planet and a possible habitat for life. But that finding was based on just 29 observations made from 2012 to 2015, and many researchers said they needed more evidence to support the claim. The latest study used a broader data set comprising 134 observations from 2012 to 2019.

"We identified the same body of water, but we also found three other bodies of water around the main one," says planetary scientist Elena Pettinelli at the University of Rome, who is one of the paper's co-authors. "It's a complex system."

The team used a radar instrument on Mars Express called the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) to probe the planet's southern polar region. MARSIS sends out radio waves that bounce off layers of material in the planet's surface and subsurface. The way the signal is reflected back indicates the kind of material that is present at a particular location - rock, ice or water, for example. A similar method is used to identify subsurface glacial lakes on Earth. The team detected some areas of high reflectivity that they say indicate bodies of liquid water trapped under more than one kilometre of Martian ice.

The lakes are spread over about 75,000 square kilometres - an area roughly one-fifth the size of Germany. The largest, central lake measures 30 kilometres across, and is surrounded by 3 smaller lakes, each a few kilometres wide.

Salty lakes

On the surface of Mars, the low pressure that results from the planet's lack of a substantial atmosphere makes liquid water impossible. But scientists have long thought that there could be water trapped under Mars's surface, perhaps a remnant of when the planet once had seas and lakes billions of years ago. If such reservoirs exist, they could be potential habitats for Martian life. On Earth, life is able to survive in subglacial lakes in places such as Antarctica.

But the amount of salt present could pose problems. It's thought that any underground lakes on Mars must have a reasonably high salt content for the water to remain liquid. Although this far beneath the surface there might be a small amount of heat from the interior of Mars, this alone would not be enough to melt the ice into water. "From a thermal point of view, it has to be salty," says Pettinelli.

Lakes with a salt content that is about 5 times that of sea-water can support life, but as the concentration approaches 20 times that of sea-water, life is no longer present, says John Priscu, an environmental scientist at Montana State University in Bozeman.

"There's not much active life in these briny pools in Antarctica," says Priscu, whose group studies microbiology in icy environments. "They're just pickled. And that might be the case [on Mars]."

Heated debate

The presence of the Martian lakes themselves is also still debated. After the 2018 discovery, researchers raised concerns such as the lack of an adequate heat source to turn the ice into water. And, although the latest finding supports the 2018 observation and involves much more data, not everyone is convinced that the identified regions are liquid water.

"If the bright material really is liquid water, I think it's more likely to represent some sort of slush or sludge," says Mike Sori, a planetary geophysicist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana.

Jack Holt, a planetary scientist at the University of Arizona in Tucson, says that although he thinks the latest data are fine, he isn't sure about the interpretation. "I do not think there are lakes," says Holt, who is on the science team for the Mars Shallow Radar sounder (SHARAD) on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. "There is not enough heat flow to support a brine here, even under the ice cap."

A Chinese mission that is on its way to Mars might offer one way to check the claims. The Tianwen-1 mission will enter orbit in February 2021, and as well as deploying a rover onto the surface, the orbiter will carry a suite of scientific instruments. These include radar equipment that could be used to make similar observations. "Its capabilities are similar to MARSIS and SHARAD," says David Flannery from the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia.

For the time being, the prospect that these lakes are remnants of Mars's wet past remains an exciting possibility. "There may have been a lot of water on Mars," says Pettinelli. "And if there was water, there was the possibility of life."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Water on Mars: discovery of three buried lakes intrigues scientists

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Two years ago, planetary scientists reported the discovery of a large saltwater lake under the ice at Mars's south pole, a finding that was met with excitement and some scepticism. Now, researchers have confirmed the presence of that lake - and found three more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
5 Reasons Space Exploration Is More Important Than Ever - ExtremeTech

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If we stop exploring, we stop being human.

# data[].attributes.body
The ocean covers over 70% of the worlds surface so why don't we explore that instead of space?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Much remains to be learned from exploring the mysteries of the deep. From mapping and describing the physical, biological, geological, chemical, and archaeological aspects of the ocean to understanding ocean dynamics, developing new technologies, and unlocking other secrets of the ocean, NOAA is working to increase our understanding of the ocean realm.

The ocean is the lifeblood of Earth, covering more than 70 percent of the planet's surface, driving weather, regulating temperature, and ultimately supporting all living organisms. Throughout history, the ocean has been a vital source of sustenance, transport, commerce, growth, and inspiration.

Yet for all of our reliance on the ocean, more than eighty percent of this vast, underwater realm remains unmapped, unobserved, and unexplored.

Given the high degree of difficulty and cost in exploring our ocean using underwater vehicles, researchers have long relied on technologies such as sonar to generate maps of the seafloor. Currently, less than ten percent of the global ocean is mapped using modern sonar technology. For the ocean and coastal waters of the United States, only about 35 percent has been mapped with modern methods.

NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research is leading efforts to explore the ocean by supporting expeditions to investigate and document its unknown and little known regions. These expeditions are led by scientist-explorers equipped with the latest exploration tools.

Meanwhile, NOAA's Office of Coast Survey explores the ocean in a different way, employing hydrographic surveys to generate nautical charts. Since the mid-1830s, the U.S. Coast Survey (a NOAA predecessor agency) has been the nation's nautical chartmaker. Today, Coast Survey is still responsible for creating and maintaining all charts of U.S. coastal waters, the Great Lakes, and waters surrounding U.S. territories.

Search Our Facts

Get Social

More Information

Did you know?

Sonar, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, is helpful for exploring and mapping the ocean because sound waves travel farther in the water than do radar and light waves. NOAA scientists primarily use sonar to develop nautical charts, locate underwater hazards to navigation, search for and map objects on the seafloor such as shipwrecks, and map the seafloor itself. There are two types of sonar-active and passive.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
national oceanic and atmospheric administration

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The ocean is the lifeblood of Earth, covering more than 70 percent of the planet's surface, driving weather, regulating temperature, and ultimately supporting all living organisms. Throughout history, the ocean has been a vital source of sustenance, transport, commerce, growth, and inspiration.

# data[].attributes.body
In conclusion, If we did not spend valuable resources on space exploration we could not explore other worlds have GPS or internet. Satellites also pushed our acknowledgment about space and asteroids.