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They provide power for telecommunications, water pumping, vaccine refrigeration and navigational aids.

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With a small PV panel of only a few watts,
essential services can be provided, such as lighting, phone charging and powering a radio or a small computer.

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Energy production increase 15% with structure, and possibly up to 30-35% with a single-axis system.

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Specialized for building integrated PV systems (BIPV) exist, with higher nominal power due to their larger sizes.

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Wafer sizes, and thus cell sizes have progressively increased.

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Installations were the first commercial application for terrestrial PV systems.

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Systems provide electricity to households and villages that are not connected to the utility electricity network.

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Systems combine the advantages of PV and diesel generator in mini grids.

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Systems perform the functions of centralized power stations. The power supplied by such a system is physically not associated with an electricity customer, and the system is not located to specifically perform functions on the electricity network other than the supply of bulk power.

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Systems are installed to provide power to a grid-connected customer or directly to the electricity network, more specifically the distribution network.

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Systems have experienced development in the last few years, combining the use of efficient lights (mostly LEDs) with charge controllers and batteries.

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The integration of highly efficient solar cells into the shell of the vehicles allow for emissions reductions in the mobility sector.

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Combine a solar module with a solar thermal collector, thereby converting sunlight into electricity and capturing the remaining waste heat from the PV module to produce hot water or feed the central heating system.

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PV thermal hybrid solar installations (PVT)

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PV thermal hybrid solar installations (PVT)

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Combine crops and energy production on the same site. The sharing of light between these two types of production potentially allows a higher crop yield, depending on the climate.

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Systems are mounted on a structure that floats on a water surface and can be associated with existing grid connections for instance in the case of dam vicinity.

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Modules collect light on both sides of the panel. When mounted on a surface which albedo reflects enough light.

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Represent the smallest unit in a photovoltaic power producing device.

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Are typically rated from 290 W to 600 W, depending on the technology and the size.