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Christopher Columbus came to Canada with his crew in 1492 because he wanted to find Inda for gold. When he came to Canada he found Native Canadians and started calling them Indians. His crew and him killed, raped, and stole their culture from them because they thought they were the superior races.

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The French came to take over Canada and clashed with the British who were already colonizing the land.

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2,000 French Colonizers had come to Canada. It was a slow prosses to bring over more French people to take over the land. The French called this "new" land "New Frances".

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Talon and Cliford were police-makers of immagration and they helped huge amounts of French immagrents to come to Canada. In 1672 there were now 6,000.

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A slave from Montreal set a flame her slave owners mistrests. She feared she would lose her love of her life which was her french slave owner. When she set a flame the fire spread to 50 houses and demolishing them.

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The French were considered Native of the "new found land". The British are now the second colonizers of the land. Most of the immigrants were Loyalist refugees. 30,000 Colonizers were brought over. This was the first huge wave of immigrants being brought over to Canada. Most of the French went to Qubeec and the English immigrants went to Nova Scotia.

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In Canada there was a law placed that banned slavery. Thus starting the underground railroad to bring enslaved African Amaericans to Canada. Over 30,000 were brought over to Canada to be freed.

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In 1812 a small population of Germans had come to live in Canada. They came to New France after the war between the French, Britsh and Native peoples of Canada had ended.

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The Mannonites went to Manitoba to settle. 6,000 Natives of the Mannonites went there.

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The poll tax was made. The poll tax was forcing Chinese workers to pay up to 10 dollars after they have lived in Canada for 12 years. If they did not give the 10 dollars then they could be fined up to 100 dollars. If they did not pay the 100 then all of their stuff was taken by the provinces.

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In 1880 Canada was starting to become an established country. Many immigrants started to come to Canada. Mostly it was western Euopenees and South Asian immigrants that came to Canada to settle. Thus industrial growth had become a huge factor in Canada's expansion.

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News reporters found out that Native and Chinese workers made significantly less than their white co-workers. Chineses workers made from 1 dollar to 1.25 and Native workers made up to 1.00 dollars. White wokers made up to 2 dollars to 2.25 dollers daily.

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17'000 Chinese workers come to Canada to help with the railways. Onces the railway was built the Canadian government put anti-Chinese bills in place. The goal of the bill was to make sure no more Chinese workers came to Canada to keep Canada white.

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Just before the railway was about to be built the Canada goverment recrudied 6,000 immagernt workers to work on the railway. The goverment got workers from China and Itaians becuase they were considered esaily manipulated.

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30 percent of immigrants were southern and western Europens workers that migrated to Canada to help build the railroad. As time went on more immigrants came. The climax of the railroad build was mostly Chinese and Ukrainian immigrants that worked on the railroad.

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Coal mines were hiring many workers to work the rig. There were about 1,000+ immigrants that were hired to work on the coal mines. They were brought from western and estern Euopere.

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Railways were also a dangurces line of work. For example in 1911 a dynamite killed eight men and injured the rest. The rest of the workers received no compensation.

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Employers fired a lot of British workers to have more jobs freed for Italian workers because they would not have to pay as much and put them in more dangerous situations without worrying they would quit.

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The Komagata Maru, carrying 376 South Asians, mostly Sikhs, is turned back from Vancouver by prime minister Robert Borden amid talk of "Hindoo hordes" coming to Canada.

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Chinese workers started to make their own union so they could fight for higher pay. One of the unions had over 500 members and fought every day for better treatment of workers.

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Canada joined WWII in 1939 after Nazi Germany invaded Poland. As one of the Allies, Canada joined the UK, France, Australia and New Zealand, and in 1941 China, USSR and US were against it. The Axis: Germany, Japan, Italy (plus Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia etc.). Canada’s policies during the war were influenced by those in the UK and US which were paranoid, xenophobic and strict.

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A ship carrying 907 Jews fleeing Nazi Germany is refused permission to dock in Halifax, as the Mackenzie King government raises the spectre of too many Jews coming.

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The federal government abolished Nazi and Communist organizations and arrested Communists and Fascists who were sympathetic to Italy’s fascist government. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King announced that he had invoked the Defense of Canada Regulations and ordered the internment of hundreds of Italian Canadians identified by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as enemy aliens.

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On December 7, 1941 the Japanese military attacked the US at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and British-held Hong Kong and Canada declared war on Japan. All fishing vessels operated by Japanese Canadians were ordered by radio into the nearest port. On December 8, the confiscation of all 1,200 fishing boats belonging to Japanese fishers began. They were placed under the control of “Japanese Fishing Vessel Disposal Committee”.

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On January 19th, 1943, the Department of the Custodian of Enemy Alien Property was allowed by a federal cabinet order- in-council to take away Japanese properties without their consent. Despite the government’s promise to hold the property in trust, the Custodian of Enemy Property sold the confiscated properties to white BC residents, at bargain prices, without the owner’s consent.

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The Racial Discrimination Act wa a pioneering statute because for the first time a provincial government (Ontario) had declared that racial and religious discrimination would not be tolerated.

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The war ends and Japan surrenders. Japanese Canadians over 16 were given the option of being deported back to Japan or moving east of the Rockies, which would supposedly prove their faithfulness to Canada.

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While this was not Canadian law, the passing of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 by the United Nations
was a very important moment for Canadians.
It says "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set
forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or another opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or another status."

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In 1951 Ontario became the first jurisdiction in Canada to enact a Fair Employment Practices Act which became the model for human rights codes to come.
It targeted discrimination in hiring practices and the workplace
by establishing fines as well as a procedure for complaints.
The Act did have its shortcomings. It didn't apply to:
- domestics employed in private homes
-non-profit religious, philanthropic, educational, fraternal or social
-organizations
-small businesses with less than = amnlovees

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In 1953, the federal government followed Ontario's
lead and passed the Canada Fair Employment
Practices Act in order to combat discrimination
within the civil service.
The Act applies to the federal government and all
sectors within its jurisdiction, such as inter provincial transportation an telecommunications .
The Canada Fair Employment Practices Act aimed to
eliminate discrimination by implementing fines and
creating a corplainte system

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A regularization program allows non‐status immigrants to apply for official legal status. Since 1960, several regularization programs have been introduced. In 2002 the Canadian government considered introducing a regularization program. However, nothing was implemented and non‐status people in Canada currently have almost no opportunity to become legal immigrants.

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Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program allows Canadian farm employers to hire workers from Mexico and the Caribbean on temporary visas during the planting and harvesting seasons. These migrant workers can stay in Canada for 8 months at a time, and then must return home before they can accept another Canadian contract. Began in 1966 between Canada and Jamaica but has since expanded to include Mexico and numerous other Caribbean countries.

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After WWII there was a movement that was meant to stop racism from happening. There was also a post-war economic boom that brought even more immigrants to Canada. People from around the world came to live in Canada which in turn, made this the largest ethic boom to date.

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In 67' the merit point systyem came about. The Canadian Goverment gave you points if you were making money in the country you lived in or was a doctor, or had a profetion Canada was lacking such as teachers, plumbers, doctors etc. If you were a crimnal you did not get points. If you got nine point you were able to come to live in Canada.

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In 1969, as a result of pressure from various Canadian social movements, Canada also signed the Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The UN adopted the Geneva Convention much earlier in 1951 and, as a result, the United Nations High Commission for Refugees was founded.

Article 33 of the Geneva Convention states:

“No Contracting State shall expel or return a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.”

As a result, if one wishes to apply to live in Canada as a refugee, one must prove that s/he qualifies as a “convention refugee”.

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When the Temporary Foreign Worker program began, most of the workers brought into the country were highly-skilled, such as medical specialists. However, an unskilled workers category was added in 2002, and now unskilled workers make up most of the temporary foreign workforce.

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Live-in Caregiver Program was introduced in 1981 as the Foreign Domestic Movement Program and was changed to the Live-in Caregiver Program, with the option to apply for permanent residency, in 1992. Participants had closed visas: were authorized to work only for the one employer and had to live in their boss’s residence. Caregivers who accumulated 24 months of full-time employment within four years, or 3,900 hours over a minimum of 22 months, could apply for permanent residence.

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Despite public committments to welcome more refugees, a number of practices are undertaken to prevent refugees claiming in Canada. One technique has to do with requiring persons having visas in order to come to Canada. Visas can be cost prohibitive (i.e. too expensive) for some people, and impossible to attain for those suffering political persecution. This technique was put into to practice in 1983 when anti-Tamil riots in Sri Lanka caused an influx of claimants from that part of the world, which the Canadian government sought to stem by hiking visa requirements. This same technique has been used in recent years to prevent Mexicans, Haitians, Afghanis, and Czechoslovakians from claiming Convention status here in Canada.

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155 Tamils land off Newfoundland. Brian Mulroney evokes Canada's historic role in embracing newcomers - only to find himself at the wrong end of conservative public opinion.

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174 Sikhs land in Nova Scotia and Mulroney quickly calls Parliament to pass emergency laws to detain the new arrivals, behind barbed wire, amid suggestions that Sikh terrorists had come.

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From 1995 to 2004 Canada welcomed more than 2.1 million immigrants. This number included 265,685 refugees (12% of the total number) granted permanent residence. As of 2019, refugees accounted for 14.2 percent of all permanent resident status holders in Canada. Canada’s 2021–2023 Immigration Plan includes an increase in refugee resettlement levels for the next three years as part of an overall increase to Canadian immigration.

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Four ships with 600 Chinese passengers come to Vancouver Island. Elinor Caplan, Liberal immigration minister, goes overboard with the rhetoric of "snakeheads" and "human smuggling rings."

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In August of 2010, there was a lot of concern over whether the migrants had any ties to the Tamil Tigers, a terrorist organization. When they arrived in Esquimalt, the migrants, which included babies, were held in detention for months, until their refugee cases could be sorted out.

The federal government at the time was also keen to prosecute anyone on board who acted as human smugglers. There were a number of charges of human smuggling, but none of the charges stood. A handful of the migrants were deported.

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Recently, 45 - 60% of refugee claimants have been accepted. The number of refugees accepted has been rising under Trudeau's Liberals, from 2016 when fewer than 30 000 refugees were accepted to over 64 000 in 2019. Last year, partly because of COVID, Canada only accepted about 30 000 refugees.