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Genetic engineering is the process of changing the genetic makeup of an organism. The article Genetic Engineering Today: The Promise and the Ethics" states that ¨Genetic engineering changes a person's genome by introducing new DNA or changing the underlying DNA of the host, providing normal functioning DNA and eradicating disease.¨

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There are many ways that genetic engineering can be done, one way is cloning. For this process, an organism with a specific trait is found and the DNA is extracted. The gene that controls the trait is then cloned. The cloned gene is now able to be designed to express itself in a certain way. This gene can then replace the original one. If the DNA is just being copied then the DNA will be cloned. Source #4 states, "To make the virus usable to deliver gene therapy, disease-causing genes of the virus are removed and are replaced with the genes needed by the patient to treat the disease. Then the new virus, carrying the needed genes, is inserted in the patient's cells where they can deliver the needed genetic material." Showing another way that genetic engineering can be done.

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Genetic engineering is a great way to help solve diseases and try to help people. But there is a controversial issue that comes with it. Genetic engineering provides the technology to be able to clone people. Genetic engineering also provides a way to be able to see and choose the genetic makeup of embryos. There are some people who think that this kind of genetic engineering should be banned, and others who think it should be encouraged. Not only does genetic engineering give people the capability to clone humans it also gives people a way to make deadly viruses that could potentially lead to a bioengineered outbreak.

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Designer babies is when you are able to look at the DNA sequence and choose certain traits such as hair color and eye color. Source #4 states, "The term designer babies' refers to the parents' ability to select genetic traits for their baby by using genetic testing and genetic selection as part of the IVF process." This is not ethical because you are picking and choosing the traits that a child has.

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In my opinion, I believe that genetic engineering is good and very useful in the sense of trying to cure diseases. It can be used to help cure cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and could eventually help cure cancer. Genetic engineering could help cure many more diseases as well. However, when it comes to creating designer babies and cloning humans I think that we shouldn't. Being able to pick and choose a child's features is not ethical. Cloning humans could end badly since the clone would have the exact genetic makeup as the original human and could potentially lead to mixups between the DNA left behind by the original and the clone. Another negative to cloning is that an error could occur in the DNA of the clone causing a mutation. I also think the potential for choosing a baby's traits is bad because a bunch of people will be choosing the features of their children and that is not ethical. Genetic engineering should be used to help people.

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Genetic engineering has made bioengineered viruses possible. Source #3 states, "The most sophisticated way would be to make the viruses from scratch. They could take the publicly available genome sequence of H5N1 and rewrite it to include the new mutations, then simply copy the new sequence into an e-mail." This shows how simple it would be to create a bioengineered virus.

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Human cloning is being able to use genetic engineering in order to copy DNA. Source #4 states, " Reproductive cloning is a highly controversial topic and a different matter altogether. It refers to creating an identical copy of a human being." This means that somebody's exact genetic makeup would be copied.