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Nº 01 - Alice Castilho
Nº 03 - Beatriz Mathias
Nº 04 - Catharine Jacob
Nº 16 - Larissa Garcia
Nº 20 - Marina Lima

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Is a country located in Eastern Europe, and its capital is Kiev;

The country is divided into 24 provinces: an autonomous republic (Crimea) and two metropolitan areas (Sevastopol and Kiev);

Its population is made up of approximately 45.2 million inhabitants;

Its form of government is based on a republic with a mixed form of government, that is, semi-presidential;

The current president of Ukraine is called Vladimir Zelensky, having been elected in 2019.

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Is a country located partly in Europe and partly in Asia, and its capital is Moscow;

The country has 88 divisions. There are not 88 states, but this number corresponds to their federal divisions, which include states (we consider their designated provinces of Óblast as states);

Its population is made up of approximately  144,1  million inhabitants;

Its form of government is federal semi-presidential.

The current president of Russia is called Vladimir Putin, having been elected in 2012.

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Among the main reasons given for the conflict are: the expansion of NATO across Eastern Europe, the possibility of Ukraine joining the military alliance, the contestation of Ukraine's right to independent sovereignty from Russia and Vladimir Putin's desire to reestablish the zone. influence of the Soviet Union.

Ukraine and other observers see the war as an attempt by Russia to re-establish the former Soviet Union's zone of control and influence, seen as a disrespect for Ukraine's sovereignty, which should have the right to decide its fate and alliances.

From the independence of Ukraine, in 1991, there was a rapprochement between this country and other European nations. An example of this is the economic context, such as Ukraine's attempts to join the European Union (EU), and the political issue, as Ukraine intended to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). These points are viewed with suspicion by Russia, which fears Western influence in that nation.

Finally, there is also the issue of the invasion of the Crimean peninsula, part of Ukrainian territory, which took place during the year 2014. Russia, in addition to having invaded this area, offers support to the rebel forces present in eastern Ukraine. This situation generates a permanent warlike climate that harms both nations. Part of the eastern Ukrainian provinces recorded heavy economic and human losses during the conflict.

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It was around 5 am on Thursday, February 24, in Ukraine, when Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that he had ordered Russian army troops to invade Ukrainian territory.

Russian soldiers entered Ukraine by sea, air and land heavily armed with rifles, armored tanks and high-tech planes. In a few hours, they spread across the country and it wasn't long before about 10 Ukrainian regions were taken over by the invaders.

Thousands of Ukrainians awoke in shock to the deafening sound of bombs and missiles. In the sky above Kiev, the Ukrainian capital, and Kharkiv, the country's second largest city, the flash of explosions united the world around one feeling: fear.

Summoned by President Volodymyr Zelensky, many Ukrainians remain in the country. Thousands took up arms and joined the army to defend Ukrainian territory.

Blood collection centers register huge lines of donors, and several doctors have already enlisted to care for Ukrainian soldiers who are injured in the fighting.

Meanwhile, most countries in the world show support for Ukraine. Although countries like the United States, France and England cannot send troops to fight alongside the Ukrainians against the Russians, these nations impose strong economic sanctions against Vladimir Putin's country.

Because of this, the ruble (Russian currency) is deeply undervalued. The country's inflation has soared and several Russian companies are at risk of bankruptcy. European Union countries, in addition to the United States, have also closed airspace to planes coming from Russia, which further isolates the country from the rest of the world.

With more than 2.8 million people fleeing Ukraine, refugees are crossing borders, particularly into countries located on the western side of Ukraine, such as Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania, but also Moldova to the south. Thousands also went to Russia, and a smaller contingent to Belarus.

The war in Ukraine approaches 1,000 dead, says the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. According to the entity, 75 children have died since the beginning of the crisis. In addition to the dead, 1,500 wounded were also recorded.

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In conclusion, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine involves several long-term political, economic and territorial issues, and should not be summed up in a good and a bad side, as the media puts it. However, there is nothing to justify the lost lives, the injured, the separated families, and all the other consequences that both nations are suffering. There is no quick and simple solution to a conflict of this magnitude, but the health and well-being of citizens should be put in favor of economic reasons.

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