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BOYS
Cruz,John Sidre(Leader)
Capule,Gian Gabriell
Ching,Carl Marius
Dela Cruz,John Felix
Delmacio,Lorin Ivan
Lopez,Josh Edrin
Pascual,Kurt Dominic
GIRLS
Giron,Queen Esther
Joson,Elija Crysini

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-A wave transmits information or energy in the form of signals from one point to another, but no physical entity makes the journey. A factor of time is applied to the mix to determine the frequency of a wave. For all of our wireless communications, we are absolutely reliant on waves. A wave is an oscillating flow or movement of energy through a medium such as space or mass. Different forms of waves include sea waves or tides, a sound we hear, a photon of light flying, and even the movement of small plants blown by the wind.

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C.Types of waves according to the usage of material/medium; discuss each, give examples             -Longitudinal waves - Movement of the particles are parallel to the motion of the energy.  Sound waves moving through the air is an example of this type of wave.	Transverse waves - movement of the particles are at right angles (perpendicular) to the motion of the energy. Movement of a wave through a solid object like a stretched rope or a trampoline is an example of this type of wave.	 Surface waves - particles travel in a circular motion.  These waves occur at interfaces.  Examples include waves in the ocean and ripples in a cup of water.  One consequence of occurring at an interface is that the motion of the particles diminish with distance from the interface.  The further from the interface the smaller the rotation of the particles until as some distance from the surface, there is no more movement or energy propagation.

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C.Types of waves according to the usage of material/medium; discuss each, give examples             -Longitudinal waves - Movement of the particles are parallel to the motion of the energy.  Sound waves moving through the air is an example of this type of wave.	Transverse waves - movement of the particles are at right angles (perpendicular) to the motion of the energy. Movement of a wave through a solid object like a stretched rope or a trampoline is an example of this type of wave.	 Surface waves - particles travel in a circular motion.  These waves occur at interfaces.  Examples include waves in the ocean and ripples in a cup of water.  One consequence of occurring at an interface is that the motion of the particles diminish with distance from the interface.  The further from the interface the smaller the rotation of the particles until as some distance from the surface, there is no more movement or energy propagation.

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D. Parts and examples of Transverse waves

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D. Parts and examples of Transverse waves

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Parts of a Transverse waves:
-The crest is the highest point on a wave.
-At the bottom of the wave is the trough.
-The wavelength is the calculation of the wave's length.
-A wave's amplitude is the maximum amount of vibration that the medium produces while it is at rest.
-The rest place is where a wave would be if no movement were present.

Examples of transverse waves:
-ripples on the water's surface
-vibrations in the string of a guitar
-electromagnetic waves, such as light, microwaves, and radio waves
- S-waves (seismic waves)

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B.Types of waves according to the propagation; discuss each, give examples

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B.Types of waves according to the propagation; discuss each, give examples

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-The Types of Waves according to the propagation:Mechanical   wave,Electronic wave and Matter wave

1.Mechanical wave-is a wave that is an oscillation of matter and is responsible for the transfer of energy through a medium.

The distance of the wave’s propagation is limited by the medium of transmission. In this case, the oscillating material moves about a fixed point, and there is very little translational motion. One intriguing property of mechanical wave is the way they are measured, which is given by displacement divided by wavelength. When this dimensi example, waves break on the beach when this factor exceeds 1, resulting in turbulence.onless factor is 1, it results in the generation of harmonic effects; for example, waves break on the beach when this factor exceeds 1, resulting in turbulence.

2.Electromagnetic Wave

Electromagnetic waves are created by a fusion of electric and magnetic fields. The light you see, the colours around you are visible because of electromagnetic waves.

One interesting property here is that unlike mechanical waves, electromagnetic waves do not need a medium to travel. All electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum at the same speed, 299,792,458 ms-              Following are the different types of electromagnetic waves:

● Microwaves

● X-ray

● Radio waves

● Ultraviolet waves

3.Matter wave
This concept is a little complicated to understand. The dual nature of matter; its ability to exist both as a particle and a wave was first brought to light by the founders of the field of Quantum Physics.

For example, a beam of electrons can be diffracted just like any other beam of electromagnetic radiation or water wave. This property of matter was brought forward by Louis de Broglie's Hypothesis.

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E. Parts and examples of Longitudinal waves

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E. Parts and examples of Longitudinal waves

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Parts of Longitudinal waves:
-When the atoms are squeezed together, compression occurs.
-Rarefaction occurs when atoms aren't squeezed together but instead spread out.
-The wavelength is the distance between two rests or troughs.

Examples of longitudinal waves:
-sound waves
-ultrasound waves
-P-waves (seismic waves)

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Sound waves-  is the pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium (such as air, water, or any other liquid or solid matter) as it propagates away from the source of the sound. The source is some object that causes a vibration, such as a ringing telephone, or a person's vocal chords.

Seismic waves- Seismic waves are low-frequency acoustic waves that pass across the Earth's layers as a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, massive landslides, and large man-made explosions. Ambient vibrations are caused by a number of natural and anthropogenic causes that emit low-amplitude waves.

Water waves- are waves that spread on the water's surface and are restored by gravity and surface tension. As a consequence, water with a free surface is usually thought of as a dispersive medium.

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There are many properties that scientists use to describe waves. They include amplitude, frequency, period, wavelength.

Properties of Waves
-describes wave of motion in terms of
• AMPLITUDE of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from undisturbed position.
•WAVELENGTH is the distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave.
• FREQUENCY is the number of waves passing a point each second, the unit of frequency is the Hertz (Hz) and 1Hz is equal to 1 wave per second
• PERIOD is the time (in seconds) for one wave to pass a point. T= 1/f

EXAMPLES OF WAVE PROPERTIES
1. Earthquake (Seismic Waves)
2. Tsunami Waves
3. Oscillating Waves or string

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Q. Differentiate Acoustics from Optics. Provide the areas of their studies underlying. 

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Q. Differentiate Acoustics from Optics. Provide the areas of their studies underlying. 

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First of all acoustics is in the domain of sound, in difference to optics which is in light.

Acoustics is the science concerned with the transmission, reception, production, control and effects of sound and the phenomena of hearing. In acoustics, waves are a type of energy propagation through a medium by means of adiabatic compression and decompression. It’s waves are also both mechanical and longitudinal. Now in comparison to optics, they are similar but in different fields. As I’ve said before optics in difference to acoustics domain in light.

Optics is a branch of physics that studies electromagnetic radiation and the science of light. This branch of physics deals with the phenomena of both visible and invisible light, it also includes the study of sight or vision. It has two main branches which are geometrical or ray and physical or wave. Now in waves or in optics what we call optical waves are combinations of high-frequency electrical fields and magnetic fields ranging from infrared to ultraviolet light in wavelength.

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L.Create a Venn Diagram for the similarities and differences of Sounds and Light

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L.Create a Venn Diagram for the similarities and differences of Sounds and Light

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R. Discuss the meaning/ process and importance of LASER applications.

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R. Discuss the meaning/ process and importance of LASER applications.

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LASERS

The laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification   based on the stimulated emission of the electromagnetic radiation. It is an acronym for “light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation. The laser is highly coherent, It is monochromatic in nature and the laser beams are hardly divergent.

A laser is different from conventional light sources in four ways: coherence, directionality, monochromaticity, and high intensity.

The light waves of ordinary light sources have many wavelengths. Hence, the photons emitted by ordinary light sources are out of phase. Thus, ordinary light is incoherent.

Process:

Lasers are playing an ever expanding role in material processing, from new product development to high volume manufacturing. For all laser processes, the energy of a laser beam interacts with a material to transform it in some way. Each transformation (or laser process) is controlled by precisely regulating the wavelength, power, duty cycle and repetition rate of the laser beam.

Laser Annealing
- The energy of the laser beam heats the material directly in its path causing it to undergo a phase change (for example, from amorphous to polycrystalline).

Laser Cutting
- Complete removal and separation of a material from the top surface to the bottom surface along a designated path.

Laser Drilling
- Removal of material by applying focused laser energy to a material without moving the laser beam during the process.

Laser Engraving/Etching
- Removal of material from the top surface down to a specified depth.

Laser Machining
- Controlled material removal through a combination of laser cutting, laser engraving and laser drilling to create a certain shape, size or appearance.

Laser Marking
- Modification of the surface of a material to create human and/or machine readable alphanumeric characters, 1D/2D barcodes, logos, insignia, etc. mainly for the purpose of identification.

Laser Perforating
- Process of creating a pattern of holes through a material.

Laser Photo Engraving
- Laser engraving or laser marking of a photo image onto the surface of the material.

Laser Scoring
- Partial removal of material along a designated path for the purpose of folding or breaking the material along that path.

Importance of applications:

Laser technology is very important in the modern world because it is used in many fields, most notably measurement, where it is used to give high accuracy results in measuring small and large distances. Because of the laser's unique characteristics, lasers are used in various fields. Some important applications of lasers are discussed here. Lasers are used to destroy kidney stones. Lasers are used in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Lasers are used for eye lens curvature corrections. Lasers are used in fiber-optic endoscopes to detect ulcers in the intestines. Laser technology is also used for the purposes of generating heat in industrial cutting processes.

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O.Identify and discuss sounds’ different characteristics.

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O.Identify and discuss sounds’ different characteristics.

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There are millions of different sounds in everyday life.  Each sound having certain characteristics that make it unique.  Think about the many sounds you hear everyday.  How you hear and describe a sound depends on the physical characteristics of the sound wave.Base on my research there are 7 characteristic of Sounds.

WAVELENGHT-The distance between two consecutive  crests or troughs of a wave.The wavelength can be measured from any point on a wave as long as it is measured to the same point on the next wave.

AMPLITUDE-is the maximum distance the medium moves away from its rest position.  The higher the wave moves up-and-down as it vibrates, the larger the amplitude of the resulting waves.

FEQUENCY-The number of complete waves, or complete cycles, per unit of time.

VELOCITY-The distance travelled by a wave in one second is called velocity of the wave or speed of the wave. It is represented by the letter v.

TIME-PERIOD-The time required to produce one complete wave or cycle or cycle is called time-period of the wave. Now, one complete wave is produced by one full vibration of the vibrating body. So, we can say that the time taken to complete one vibration is known as time-period.

LOUDNESS-intensity of any given sound to the intensity at the threshold of hearing. It is measured in decibels (dB).

SOUND QUALITY-The quality of a sound is that property by virtue of which two sounds of the same pitch and loudness produced by the two different musical instrument or people can be distinguished.

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N. How does a humar ear receive and detect sounds?

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N. How does a humar ear receive and detect sounds?

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The ear is made up of three different sections that work together to collect sounds and send them to the brain: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
The outer ear is made up of the pinna and the ear canal. Its main job is to gather sounds and funnel them to the ear canal. The middle ear takes the sounds and turns into vibration, sounds that come to the middle ear hits the eardrum causing it to move. The eustachian tube helps the eardrum to work well by keeping the air pressure balanced both side. When the eardrum moves it makes 3 small ear bones called ossicles ( hammer, anvil, and stirrup), the inner ear receives vibration and changes to messages. The cochlea and vestibule are parts of the inner ear which includes the semicircular canals, the moving fluid causes hair cells to make nerve signals, then send signals to the brain through the auditory nerve and vestibular nerve these 2 nerves producing the sensation of sound and information.