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The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire led to the rise in the Middle East of Western powers such as Britain and France and brought the creation of the modern Arab world and the Republic of Turkey. After the Ottoman government collapsed completely it signed the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920.

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The Ottoman Empire before World War I was in a state of rapid transition and decay. Through the medieval period and into the modern era, the Ottoman Empire had been one of the world’s largest imperial powers. In the 17th century the Muslim Ottomans ruled vast swathes of eastern Europe, northern Africa and the Middle East. Ottoman power extended from the Persian Gulf to central Europe; Ottoman sultans ruled almost the entire north coast of Africa and west to Egypt and the Holy Lands (modern-day Israel and Palestine).

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Greek invasion of Turkey and the aftermath of the events, 1919-1922

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A short clip from a BBC documentary called "The Twenties in Colour, Middle East: The Birth of Nations", showing the devastating result of the Greek invasion of Turkey.

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In office during 29 October 1923 – 10 November 1938. Full name is
Ali Rıza oğlu Mustafa.10 November 1938 (aged 57) Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, Turkey. He was born Mustafa, and his second name Kemal (meaning Perfection or Maturity) was given to him by his mathematics teacher, Captain Üsküplü Mustafa Efendi, "in admiration of his capability and maturity" according to Afet Inan, and, according to Ali Fuat Cebesoy, because his teacher wanted to distinguish his student who had the same name as him.

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Following the Empire's defeat and subsequent dissolution, he led the Turkish National Movement in the TurkishWar of independence

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The turkish government was formed after the fall of the ottoman empire that is when allied forces came to keep control over the fallen ottoman empire, It was then that Mustafa Kemal came with a revolution behind him to overthrow the allies and establish a new Turkish government, this was called the Turkish war of independence. Mustafa then became Turkeys first president. he was in power from 1923 to 1938