# data[].attributes.body
- Roosevelt met with Churchill and Stalin to discuss what would happen to Germany
- Roosevelt acted as a mediator between Stalin (who wanted to treat Germany harshly) and Churchill: he was willing to make concessions
- Germans divided into four zones, Stalin promised free elections for Soviet-occupied Eastern European Countries
- Stalin would help fight Japan and would join the UN.
- Stalin didn't follow through with his promises.

During the negotiations, all three parties made compromises and negotiated. Thus, in the agreement, each country got part of what they want. Therefore, if all parties followed through with their agreements, the blame would lie equally on all parties. However, the Soviets did not follow through with allowing free voting in Poland and other countries, creating an atmosphere of distrust between America and the Soviet Union.

Importance: 7/10
Blame: 33% US, 67% Soviet

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- Britain became unable to support resistance to Communism in Greece and Turkey, so the US stepped in
- Truman said that the US must support free people who are resisting against outside pressures
- US sent $400 million to Turkey and Greece between 1947 and 1950

Here, the responsibility mostly lies on the United States. This is because it is natural for a country to try to spread its ideals, and the United States is essentially going out of its way to put pressure on the Soviet Union. Through trying to help other countries resist the Soviets, the US is antagonizing the Soviets.

Importance: 4/10
Blame: 75% US, 25% Soviet

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- Western Europe in bad shape after the war
- Marshall plan: Give aid to European nations that needed it "against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos"
- Over 4 years, $13 billion in aid
- Giving aid made Communism lose its appeal

The blame lies slightly more on the United States, but not by that much. The United States, as they stated, saw a problem in Europe, poverty, that needed to be fixed. It is true that Communism gains most of its supporters when they are desperate so by supporting people the support for Communism decreases, and the United States was aware of this. Thus, the United States was fighting against Communism with the Marshall Plan and creating tension, but since it also served a humanitarian purpose, that alleviates some of the blame.

Importance: 2/10
Blame: 55% US, 45% Soviet

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- When WWII ended, Japanese troops above the 38th parallel surrendered to the Soviets, and south of the parallel to the Americans, so a communist nation and a democratic nation formed.
- After WWII, the US decreased the number of troops in South Korea, so the Soviets prepared to supply North Korea to try to take over the peninsula.
- The UN voted to go in to support South Korea, and Truman sent in troops.
- Initially, North Korea was winning, but the MacArthur fought back. Americans were winning, but China joined the war to help North Korea because they wanted a Communist buffer.
- The Americans had recaptured South Korea, but MacArthur wanted more, which Truman refused.
- In 1951, Russia initiated the talk of a ceasefire, and eventually the war ended in more or less a stalemate.

The blame lies mostly on the Soviet Union but also on the Americans. The Soviet Union initiated the war, so for much of the war the Americans were on the defensive. However, the Americans did go on the offensive when trying to unite Korea again. Since the Americans refrained from using nuclear weapons and from antagonizing China, the Americans showed their desire for peace while the Soviet Union was the one on the attack. Because of this, it is evident that the Soviet Union was the main aggressor in the Korean war. On the other hand, the Soviet Union was the one to propose a ceasefire and help end the war, so both sides played a role as the aggressor at various times.

Importance: 8/10
Blame: 25% US, 75% Soviet

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- After Stalin died, the Soviets recognized West Germany and made peace with Austria and Japan. - Better US relations
- When West Germany began to rearm again, the Soviets formed a military alliance (the Warsaw Pact) with seven other European countries.

By creating a pact with a bunch of countries outside of NATO, making a group of countries that are implicitly prepared to be hostile against the rest of Europe, Russia is antagonizing the United States. The Soviets were making progress, but with this action they went backwards again in their relationship with the United States. Thus, the blame essentially solely lies on the Soviet Union.

Importance: 6/10
Blame: 100% Soviet

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- The CIA secretly had planes (the U-2) fly high above Soviet Territory
- Took pictures of troops and missile sites with infrared cameras
- The Soviets knew of the flights since 1960
- The flights were planned to be cancelled by Eisenhower, but one last flight was ordered, and it was shot down
- The Soviets had evidence that the US had been spying and wanted Eisenhower to apologize and stop the missions.
- Eisenhower stopped the missions but failed to apologize
- The Soviets cancelled a summit conference and took back Eisenhower's invitation to visit the Soviet Union

The US was clearly spying on the Soviets even when they knew that the Soviets knew that they were spying. They knew that the flights should be stopped, so the incident only occurred because they decided to organize one last flight. The Soviets were justified in wanting an apology and the flights to be stopped, and the US exacerbated the tensions between the two countries by failing to apologize. This had very negative ramifications and increased tensions.

Importance: 7/10
Blame: 100% US, 0% Soviet

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- CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba, hoping to overthrow Castro.
- When the US landed in Cuba, the attack went poorly: an air strike did no succeed, and a group meant as a diversion never got there, meaning that the US had to face over 25,000 troops
- The result: Kennedy looked stupid
- Cuba continued to accept aid from the Soviets despite threats
- The US must pay $53 million to Castro for the release of the imprisoned commandos.

This is almost entirely the fault of the United States because they knew they were antagonizing the Soviet Union by training the Cuban exiles. They did so in secret. Attacking Cuba upsets the Soviets because Cuba is Communist, and they are accepting aid from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union takes a small part of the blame because they are trying to spread Communism in the Western Hemisphere.

Importance: 6/10
Blame: 90% US, 10% Soviet

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- Summer 1962: Increased Soviet weapons in Cuba (including nuclear missiles)
- October 14: American photos that Soviet missile bases have missiles ready to launch in Cuba
- Kennedy emphasizes that an attack from Cuba = full war on Soviet Union
- Next 6 Days: More Soviet ships went towards Cuba, and the US made preparations to quarantine Cuba
- Soviet ships suddenly stop so not to have a confrontation at sea
- Agreement: The Soviets would remove the missiles, and the US would not invade Cuba. Also (secretly) the US would remove missiles from Turkey.

The blame here is more Soviet than American because Khrushchev put nuclear bases in Cuba despite Kennedy emphasizing that he would not put up with nuclear weapons in Cuba. The Soviets directly went against what the US said they would tolerate. However, the US also faces blame because they may have escalated the conflict too quickly by threatening nuclear war. In the end, the Soviet Union should not have created the crisis, and the US also did not handle it well.

Importance: 9/10
Blame: 40% US, 60% Soviet

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- America supported France in Vietnam in 1950 to go against Communism and strengthen ties with France: almost $15 million to France when fighting Vietminh
- France surrendered in May 1954 to Vietminh
- 1954: Geneva Accords - Vietnam divided along 17th parallel
- By end of 1963: 16,000 US military in South Vietnam
- November 1, 1962: US supported a military coup against Diem
- Johnson increases US involvement - bombed North Vietnam
- March 1965: Many US troops sent by Johnson - by the end of 1965, 180,000 Americans; 1967: 500,000
- 1968: Vietcong started using surprise attacks that did not end well for them, but US public opinion increasingly turned against the war
- 1969: Nixon starts to withdraw troops, but continues fighting in North Vietnam
- March 1972: North Vietnam launches largest attack since the Tet offensive, and Nixon bombs back.
- January 27, 1973: US signed agreement to end war, leaving North Vietnam troops in South Vietnam
- March 1975 (still fighting): North invaded the South, and the US gave only economic aid

The fault lies mostly on the United States because they did not seem to handle the war well. Many critics wanted the United States to be less involved from the start or to have retreated much sooner than they did, and leadership continued to press on in a futile battle in the Vietnam War. The war resulted in many casualties of civilians, US troops, and enemy troops. The Soviets do hold some of the blame as well, however, because they were also involved in the war.

Importance: 8/10
Blame: 80% US, 20% Soviet

# data[].attributes.body
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cold_war_europe_military_alliances_map_en.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LC-USZ62-113220_(24068057764).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Special_Message_to_Congress_on_Greece_and_Turkey_The_Truman_Doctrine.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Europe_Plan_Marshall._Poster_1947.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_War_bombing_Wonsan.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1975_CPA_4448.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USS_America_(CV-66)_with_a_U-2.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BayofPigs.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic_missile.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Marines_in_Operation_Allen_Brook_(Vietnam_War)_001.jpg