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Elaine & Shreya
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How an Amateur Built the World's Biggest Dome

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He was asked to design defenses for Florence’s military to defend against attacks by Pisa and Siena.

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The Inside of the Florence Cathedral Dome

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The Inside of the Florence Cathedral Dome

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Brunelleschi's invention of linear perspective

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Brunelleschi's invention of linear perspective

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In 1420, the church awarded Brunelleschi the commission to design a dome to top the Florence Cathedral, which had been left for many years, with a huge hole on top of the Cathedral.

After building the dome, under the patronage of the Medici, Brunelleschi designed the Sacristy and the Basilica of San Lorenzo. Brunelleschi’s work combined antique and modern design in his work and the Basilica was a significant example of this style.

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Sculptor of Brunelleschi looking at his Cathedral

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Sculptor of Brunelleschi looking at his Cathedral

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The Famous Brunelleschi

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Historical Atlas of the Renaissance - Robert Richie, Thalamus Publishing; 2004 - This book was useful because it provided primary sources (quotes) perspectives on Brunelleschi.

Renaissance and Reformation Primary Sources - Peggy Saari and Aaron Saari, U.X.L Publishing; 2002 - This book was useful because it provided historical significance on Brunelleschi.

Great ideas of the Renaissance - Trudee Romanek, CRABTREE Publishing; 2010 - This book was useful because it provided historical significance on Brunelleschi.

http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/renaissance/brunelleschi.html - This website was useful because it provided information on Brunelleschi’s legacy/significance.

https://muse.union.edu/entrepreneurship/archives/392 - This website was useful because it provided information on secondary perspectives about Brunelleschi.

http://galileo.rice.edu/lib/student_work/florence96/jyoti/brun.html  -  This website was useful because it provided information on patronage about Brunelleschi.

https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/f/filippo_brunelleschi.html - This website was useful because it provided primary sources of Brunelleschi’s quotes.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9H9f2mmehZc  - This video was useful because it provided information on historical significance.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IOPlGPQPuM - This video was useful because it provided information about how the Duomo was built.

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Primary Source Historical Visual Analysis

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Primary Source Historical Visual Analysis

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Topic Sentence: This visual by Filippo Brunelleschi is called the Duomo Cathedral of Florence (1420-36) and depicts Brunelleschi’s sketch of the cathedral in its planning stages.

Symbols and text: The significant dome on top of the Duomo Cathedral of Florence is depicted in the centre of the visual. The dome in the visual shows the outer shell which was used for supporting the inside of the dome as holding such a large object suspended in the air was difficult.

The copper sphere and cross on top of the lantern is depicted at the very top of the visual. The sphere and cross contained holy relics and was installed onto the dome in 1466.

The dome on top of the Florence Cathedral uses Brunelleschi’s own invention of linear perspective. The dome used special perspectives in order for it to be able to be built efficiently and stand upright on the Florence Cathedral. Brunelleschi made art much more realistic looking, giving perspective to Renaissance art.

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Brunelleschi's sketch of The Cathedral of Florence

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Brunelleschi's sketch of The Cathedral of Florence

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Image of our Historical Visual

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Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. Opened in 1487.

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Dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.

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Topic Sentence: The perspectives of Brunelleschi differ from person to person. Vasari from that time believes that Brunelleschi, “Was given to us by Heaven to invent architecture,” whereas another from today’s era believes that Brunelleschi was thought to have been ‘mad’ and ‘impatient in his building’. Overall, by reading the perspectives we can use the evidence to conclude that Brunelleschi was a significant, yet thoughtful figure in the Renaissance, even though he may have had a ‘challenging’ personality.

Primary Historical Sources:

Perspective 1: Giorgio Vasari believes that “Brunelleschi was given to us by the Heaven to invest architecture with new forms”. He believes this because Brunelleschi was followed by a stream of architects who incorporated humanist ideas into the palazzos of wealthy Italian rulers.

This demonstrates that in his lifetime, Brunelleschi was known for his skill and thinking in architecture. Vasari says that, ‘he was given to us by Heaven’, which suggests that Brunelleschi was a gifted and special person as he was assumably ‘chosen’. He also mentions that Brunelleschi was followed by other architects which shows that Brunelleschi was very important in the following success of others.

Perspective 2: Antonio Manetti, who was Brunelleschi’s first biographer who actually knew him,, describes him as “amiable, never known to boast, and never angry except when provoked by the most insulting or disrespectful acts.” He also says that Brunelleschi was known to have had a “wicked sense of humour”.

This demonstrates that in his lifetime, Brunelleschi was not only easy to talk to and a friendly person, but he was also respectful of other people. It suggests that he thought strongly about different opinions and that he disliked being offended, or perhaps ‘challenged’, and he also did not like being treated with disrespect.

Secondary Historical Sources:

Perspective 3: Filippo Brunelleschi, known for being ugly, built the truly magnificent and beautiful dome of Santa Maria Del Fiore in Florence during the fifteenth century.  His unpleasant appearance, however, helped him to fit in amongst the other great artists of the Renaissance.

Perspective 4: Brunelleschi was known as a madman because he kept on challenging other sculptors for no reason and if he failed to win he would be embarrassed. He was very impatient when it came to building.

This demonstrates that in his lifetime Brunelleschi’s appearance was ugly, but he built the greatest dome in Florence during the 15th century. It shows that the building of the Duomo helped Brunelleschi to fit in with other artists. It also shows that Brunelleschi was very competitive and if he lost, he would be embarrassed.  He was also very impatient in the process of building.

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"I propose to build for the eternity"

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Topic Sentence: Filippo Brunelleschi was a Florentine architect and engineer who was well known for building the dome that sits atop the cathedral in Florence.

Evidence of important work: The most significant work of Filippo Brunelleschi is by creating the dome on top of the Cathedral of Florence (1420-36), which was built using the special machines that Brunelleschi invented specially for the major project.

Evidence of another piece of work: Brunelleschi also designed two churches in Florence including the church of San Lorenzo and the church of Santo Spirito. He built these churches with symmetry and perspective.  Many other artists would use this same design in other buildings.

Other pieces of work: He invented linear perspective for his domes and artists adapted it into their artwork. During the Middle Ages art did not have any depth or realistic looking features, especially in backgrounds. Brunelleschi gave artists this new style and made art much more realistic looking, giving perspective and depth to Renaissance art.

Legacy: Filippo Brunelleschi left behind a monumental legacy, of which few men have accomplished. He was the first problem solver using unorthodox methods and the first modern engineer of the Renaissance. He solved one of the greatest architectural puzzles in the world and he has received his deserved recognition.