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A new enzyme called NicA2 eats up nicotine in the bloodstream.
It could be a tool to quit smoking for good. This enzyme exist in the bacteria, Pseudomonas putida, which uses nicotine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen. NicA2 is the enzyme that helps it. The enzyme has been tested in human temperatures in attempt to see if it is suitable for human use. It has been tested positive in the blood of mice.

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Janus Kinase (JAK) is a family of enzymes. Thanks to this enzyme, the immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicle, causing spot baldness.
The drug limits the activity of the JAK enzymes that are found in hair follicles, thus stimulating hair growth.

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Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 uses a common type of plastic polymer as its primary source of carbon for growth. This development offers a whole new way to recycle plastics by breaking them down into their 'biolding blocks' chemicals. when grown, it produces two enzymes that convert polythylene terephtalate (PET) into its two monomers, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol which almost completely degrades after six weeks at 30 degrees celcius.

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Scientists identified a fungus that can deal with the problem of plastic watste by using enzymes to rapidly break down plastic materials. Plastic is used in the manufacture of a lot of materials. This increase in the production endangers the environmnt. A plastic-eating fungus ordinarily lives in the soil and grows on the surface of plastics. It secretes enzymes onto the surface of the plastics that break the chemical bonds between the plastic molecules. The fingus uses physical strength from its filaments to break apart the polymers. However the fungi's performance is affected by pH

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Deep-sea bacteria could neutralise greenhouse gas.

Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, can be broken down by a durable,heat-tolerant enzyme called carbonic anhydrase which helps remove carbon dioxide in organisms. The enzyme catalyses a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water, converting the greenhouse gas into bicarbonate, which can be further processed to produce other products. The enzyme is accustomed to high temperatures, which is needed to work in an industrial environment. The enzyme is produced by a bacterium called Thiomicroscopia crunogena.
However the enzyme is not particularly efficient.

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Group Zaki --Most Human Beings Are Lactose Intolerant: Here's Why

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Group Zaki --Most Human Beings Are Lactose Intolerant: Here's Why

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Lactose intolerance is due to the inadequacy of the enzyme that is found in the small intestine , lactase .   Lactose is a sugar found in milk . These sugars are broken down by lactase into galactose and glucose .

During infancy ,there is a reduction in activity of lactase only after breastfeeding as a result of the body not needing that much of it .

Interestingly enough, after the stage of infancy , humans are genetically programmed to become lactose intolerant . As a result , 75% of the Earths population and 90% in some Asian countries are lactose intolerant and is perfectly normal and healthy .

Undigested lactose in the intestines acts like a osmotic agent where it instigates the inhibition to reabsorb water and electrolytes , causing diarrhoea, bloating and grassiness.

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An enzyme called CaM kinase II triggers heart cell death following a heart attack. Activated CaM kinase II promotes leakiness of mitochondria in the heart cells and increases heart muscle damage by modifying a special mitochondrial calcium channel and allowing too much calcium to enter the mitochondria. This calcium overload triggers cell death. Inhibiting the enzymes can prevent heart cells from dying, delaying a heart Attack patient's death and allowing doctors a chance to operate on him. Findings like this can lead to the discovery of new treatment and better therapies for common types of heart diseases.

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Apples have been genetically engineered in order to ensure that an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase is produced at a slower rate so that the apples will not turn brown so quickly. This will allow the rotting of apples to be at a much slower rate. The apples are genetically modified by adding copies of the genes that produces this enzymes and the apple will shut down the production of the enzyme due to the overproduction.

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*Digested coconut oil is able to attack the bacteria that causes tooth decay. It is a natural antibiotic that could be incorporated into commercial dental care products
1) It attacks the bacteria that causes tooth decay
2) It is a natural antibiotic
3) Research shows that the Streptococcus bacteria (an acid-producing bacterium that causes tooth decay) was inibited by the enzyme-modified coconut oil
4)Previous studies show that partially digested foodstuffs are active against micro-organisms
5) Enzyme-modified milk reduced the binding of bacteria to tooth enamel

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A group of scientists are designing an artificial enzyme that can reduce carbon emissions by converting  carbon dioxides into carbonates.
The enzyme will be based on a natural enzyme called Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) that speeds up rate of conversion of carbon dioxide into carbonate. CA is able to convert 1million molecules of carbon dioxide into carbonates in one second.
The team's target audience are industrial plants that release tonnes of carbon emissions daily