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week 11 - reflection - data presentation and ethical consideration

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week 11 - reflection - data presentation and ethical consideration

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This week focused on Ethical consideration which i would have to say plays an important part in any research study as the right to privacy, confidentiality and honesty  is regarded as holy. Any researcher will face ethical challenges at different/all stages of the study, from designing to reporting. These include anonymity, confidentiality, and informed consent, researchers’ potential impact on the participants and vice versa.
Gaining one's confidence assures ensures that the patron is satisfied and the answers given may be truthful to a point.

For my research study firstly permission to conduct survey had to be requested from the principals of the three schools before setting foot on the premises, acknowledgment was received and permission was granted.  Secondly while conducting my field research for study on Escalating Crime and Violence within Secondary Schools in Tobago participants were concerned with the anonymity and confidentiality of their responses to the survey being conducted but I was able to reassure all patrons that this was strictly voluntary and that the data collected would only be used for research purposes for this study and I would be the only person analyzing this data.  Lastly I made sure that research questionnaire and study was conducted with respect for all groups in society, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion and culture so that participant would not be offended in any way.

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This week we learnt that there are different ways to analysis data collected.  the different types Identified are 1.Univariate Data is used for the simplest form of analysis whereby the type of data which is analyzed is based only on one variable. 2. Bivariate Data which is used for little more analysis whereby the type of data analyzed are based on two variables per observation simultaneously. 3. Multivariate data is the data in which analysis are based on more than two variables per observation. Usually multivariate data is used for explanatory purposes.

Data analysis techniques allow researchers to review gathered data and make inferences or determination from the information. In my research I would have used bivariate data analysis which would have allowed me to compare the two variables in my study which was violence and crime.  The information was gathered by using questionnaire and observations which the data was presented using tables.

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Data processing is concerned with editing, coding, classifying, tabulating and charting and diagramming research data.
Where at the Editing of Data stage one examines the data collected in questionnaires to detect errors and omissions and to see that they are corrected. At the Coding stage the data responses are organized into classes/categories and numerals or other symbols are given to each item according to the class in which the researcher assigns. In other words, coding involves two important operations; (a) deciding the categories to be used and (b) allocating individual answers to them.  Data is then classified or grouped under categories for interpretation and tabulation takes place using the raw data to prepare tables.  lastly Data Diagrams are created to present the data more effectively.

As such I will be using the above mentions/processes as this will assist me in obtaining accurate results for my study to help determine the factors affecting crime and violence in schools so that recommendations and solutions can be made to alleviate the escalating epidemic occurring in schools today.

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Week 8 refection: survey data collection

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Week 8 refection: survey data collection

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Data collection process for my research study took me almost two weeks as the three schools used to conduct my student were within the scarborough to signal hill areas. Each school was allocated a two day period for questionnaire survey to be distributed, reviewed and collected in adition to observing the students in their natural environment. I definately would say that during my stay at those establishments students were well behaved most of the time as i learnt that they were aware of my coming to the school to conduct this survey as was asked to conduct themselves in a tasteful manner. The data collected will be used to analyse the cause nad effects of violence and crime on students as well as how it impacts them.

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Data Collection: Surveys, Interviews, Observations (COM2111 Writing Skills)

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Lecture on methods of data collection including surveys, interviews and observations for COM2111 Writing Skills.

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Week 6 reflection Sampling Design - unit 6 

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Week 6 reflection Sampling Design - unit 6 

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The week has started with a vigor, juggling work, home and school can be hectic at times, but I am determined to succeed. These are my last four courses so study mode is on.

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The course material is not difficult, being guided by Ms Mohammed and Ms Leu has indeed motivated me. The powerpoint presentation reflection has made me look at myself and i need to analyse things a little more. I'm not ashamed to admit that i didn't realize that i had done the padlet all wrong and was totally confused about what Ms was asking.  Hopefully i am on the right track.

Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi-structured techniques. Some common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual interviews, and participation/observations. The sample size is typically small, and respondents are selected to fulfill a given quota.

Where as Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to measure attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and generalize results from a larger sample population. Quantitative research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research and it is much more structured than Qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys such as online surveys, paper surveys, mobile surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal studies, online polls, and systematic observations.

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The week was not a bed of roses, dealing with a nasty bug, hopefully it will be gone soon.

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Elements of Survey Sampling
This week introduce the idea of a population versus a sample when conducting our survey research.  Our main objective was learning about Population, Sample and Sampling, and Sampling and Non-Sampling Errors.  For my research which is based on the escalating crime and violence in secondary school of Tobago.  The population would be all secondary students between the ages of 11 – 17 in Tobago in 2018.  A sample can be defined as a part of the population or it is a subset of the population of the population being studied.  Therefore my sample would consist of 150 students from (3) different secondary school between the ages 11-17 with a mixture of both male and female who completed my questionnaire.  This ample will be selected randomly from forms 1 – 5 from those 3 schools.  The reliability and validity of a sample is critical as biases can arise from a sample which does not represent the participant population.

In order for me to ensure representativeness in relation to my study for example, the test results from my sample of 150 students, all of whom have volunteered to be tested, may not be representative of the larger population of students.  But there will be no biases as the random group of students from the three schools chosen will all be done by 50 students of each school with a mixture of male and female students, within the age groups of 11 – 17 and of mix ethnicity.

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This week i gained insight into how to use survey instruments like questionnaires, phone interviews or informal conversations etc. If using questionnaires as a tool one must be careful when phrasing the questions as to not put in double negatives and make it easy for respondents to understand what you are asking.  The data collected from the survey would prove to be quite the advantage as that data will ensure that positive changes can be made whether its to implement policies or guidelines to follow and look at the trends being established.

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We'll review a powerful and easy format for qualitative surveys, which will help reveal how people complete certain kinds of tasks.