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1995 - 9% of American adults accessed the Internet
2010 - 77% of all American had Internet access

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1992 - Web contained 50 pages
2000 - At least 1 billion

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The use of computer networking for distance education got a big boost with the arrival of the World Wide Web

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Arrival of the Internet and Web-based Education

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Arrival of the Internet and Web-based Education

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1971 - Intel invented the microprocessor
1975 - Altair 8800, first computer came onto the market
1989 - 15% of all households in the USA had a personal computer and nearly half of all children had access to computers at home or school.

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ETN - Educational Telephone Network (ETN)               First major educational audio-conference system 

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ETN - Educational Telephone Network (ETN)               First major educational audio-conference system 

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University of Wisconsin
(Direct outcome of the Articulated Instructional Media project)

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Allama Iqbal Open University - Pakistan
Open University of China
Open University - Bangladesh
Indira Gandhi National Open University - India
Universitas Terbuka - Indonesia
Payame Noor University - Iran
Koren National Open University - Korea
Universidadd Nacional de Educacion a Distancia - Spain

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Emerged the world's premier national distance education university.

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- Presentation strngths of the broadcast media
Interaction that correspondence and telephone made possible.
- Work with mediated instructional materials.
- Human helpers would be provided to facilitate interaction and to give help when needed.

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"Home study" by for-profit schools
"Independent study" by universitites

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Functions of teacher could be divided, and teaching improved with a team of specialists + delivered through various medias!

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AIM - Articulated Instructional Media Project

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AIM - Articulated Instructional Media Project

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Funded by the Carnegie Corporation (1964 - 1968)
Directed by Charles Wedemeyer at the University of Wisconsin

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Variety of media meant:
1) content be better presented than through any one medium alone
2) People with differing learning styles could choose the particular combination that most suited their needs.

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"The more you know about the past, the better prepared you are for the future."

Theodore Roosevelt

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They contracted with many corporations to help them improve their workers skills by discounting training expenses.

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Technologies of teleconferencing normally designed for group use

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Techonologies:
- printed study guides
- correspondence tutoring
- programs broadcast by radio and TV
- recorded audiotapes
- telephone conferences
kit for home experiments

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GOAL - Deliver high-quality and low-cost teaching to off-campus students.

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resulting from several experiments with new ways of organizing technology and human resources, leading to new instructional techniques and new educational theorizing.

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By 1980 - 200 college-level telecourses produced by univesities, community colleges, private producers, and public and commercial broadcasting stations.

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In 1972 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) required all cable operators to provide an educational channel.

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First cable television (CATV) began

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By the end of 1970s there were about 150 educational TV stations

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1934 - State University of Iowa presented television broadcasts in subjects. By 1939 it had broadcasted almost 400 educational programs.

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1969 - Stanford Instructional Television Network (SITN) broadcasted 120 engineering courses to 900 engineers at 16 member companies.

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ITFS was a low-cost, low-power, over-the-air distribution system that delivered up to four channels of television pictures in any geographic area but only to a radius of about 25 miles.

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WHA - University of Wisconsin
WLB  at University of Minnesota
KOAC at Oregon Agriculture College
WRM at University of Illinois

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1925 - State University of Iowa

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1921 - University of Salt Lake City

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Cable Television and          Telecourses

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Cable Television and          Telecourses

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1926 - National Home Study Council (NHSC)

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Anna Eliot Ticknor
First home study schools - Society to Encourage Studies at Home (offer woman opportunity to study

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used the national postal system to teach his shorthand system.

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Over 200 proprietary correspondence schools like ICS (International Correspondence Schools)

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Thomas J. Foster
Colliery Engineer School of Mines (Pennsylvania)
Course on mine safety

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1878 Bishop John H. Vincent
Chautauqua Literacy and Scientific Circle (New York)
4-year correspondence course

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Technology: cheap and reliable postal services

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People who wanted to study at home or at work could, for the first time, obtain instruction from a distant teacher.