# data[].attributes.body
"Individuals with herpes zoster were more likely to report trauma at their rash site, but were just as likely as subjects
without herpes zoster to report
trauma at other sites during the preceding 6 months. Thus, evidence suggests that both mental and physical stress may play a role in precipitating an
outbreak of herpes zoster."

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(3), S3.

-Nasung Kim (Grace)

# data[].attributes.body
"Recent data suggest that herpes zoster develops in approximately 1 million Americans each year. This frequency is based on an incidence of 11.12 cases per 1000 patient-years in a sample of individuals aged 60 years or older. The incidence is low among individuals younger than 40 years, ranging from 0.9 to 1.9 cases per 1000 patient-years, but it begins to climb thereafter: herpes zoster occurs in 2.5 per 1000 patient- years among individuals aged 40 to 49 years; 3.8 cases per 1000 patient-years among those aged 50 to 59 years; 6.1 cases per 1000 patient-years among those aged 60 to 69 years; 8.5 cases per 1000 patient-years among those aged 70 to 79 years; and 9.4 cases per 1000 patient-years among individuals aged 80 years or older. Sixty percent of cases occur in individuals aged 50 years or older.(Weaver,2007).

Weaver, B.A., (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuraliga in the United States. The Journal of American Osteopathic Association, 107(3), S3.
-Nahee Kim

# data[].attributes.body
"Among patients with acute herpes zoster, PHN develops in 73% of adults aged 70 years or older versus only 27% of those older than 55 years, and almost half of patients aged 70 years or older (48%) have PHN of greater than a year’s duration. "

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(3), S5.

-Alex Sung

# data[].attributes.body
"Herpes zoster is most common in older adults, as is PHN. Other factors such as increasing age, severe herpes zoster pain, prodromal pain, and severe zoster rash further increase the likelihood that PHN will develop."
Weaver, B. A. (2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(3), S6.

-Devonna Lam

# data[].attributes.headline
Simple Recipe for a Healthy Life; Diet and Exercise

# data[].attributes.subject
Simple Recipe for a Healthy Life; Diet and Exercise

# data[].attributes.body
"With an estimated 41 million Americans falling within this 100 and 125 mg/dL range, many more cases can be identified in which diet and exercise can prevent or delay the disease. Through diet and exercise, pre diabetics  can reduce by 60% their chances of eventually developing diabetes" (Haber, 2016, p.64).

Haber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professions (7th ed.) NY: Springer Publishing Company.

-Kimberly Gurrola

# data[].attributes.body
“Stress and physical trauma also appear to play a role in determining the timing and, possibly, location of herpes zoster. In a case-control study of patients with herpes zoster who were matched by age, sex, and race with herpes zoster–free control subjects, individuals with herpes zoster were significantly more likely to have had negative life events in the 2, 3, or 6 months before the onset of zoster and to have had significantly more total life events in the 6 months before the onset of the rash.”

Weaver, B.A., (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(1), S2.

-Frank Clausen

# data[].attributes.headline
Pain Associated with Postherpetic Neuralgia 

# data[].attributes.subject
Pain Associated with Postherpetic Neuralgia 

# data[].attributes.body
"The pain of PHN takes many forms, including dysesthesia, an unpleasant abnormal sensation, spontaneous or evoked; allodynia, pain evoked by a normally innocuous stimulus; and hyperalgesia, pain of exaggerated severity in response to normally painful stimulation.14,15 The pain itself has been described as “tender,” “hotburning,” “stabbing,” “throbbing,” “shooting,” and “sharp.”16 The pain is generally least severe in the morning and progresses in severity throughout the day; this pattern is maintained even when medication is used to manage the pain and may contribute to problems sleeping" (Weaver, 2007, p. S5).

Weaver, B.A., (2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(1), S2.

-Kayla Ramos

# data[].attributes.body
"Both herpes zoster and PHN are associated with clinically significant pain, but though the pain of herpes zoster is generally short-lived, the pain of PHN can continue for months or even years" (Weaver, 2007).

Weaver, B.A., (2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuraliga in the United States. The Journal of the Americna Osteopathic Association, 107(1), S2.
-Ashlyn Oster

# data[].attributes.body
"Herpes zoster poses a significant

healthcare burden to the US population. Herpes zoster results in 2.1 hospitaliza- tions per 100,000 patient-years; this number encompasses hospitalization for zoster across all age groups, but hos- pitalization is far more common among older adults—9.3 per 100,000 patient- years for those aged 60 years or older— than for younger adults (1.5 per 100,000 patient-years for those aged 25 through 59 years)."

Weaver, B.A ( 2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(1), S2.

# data[].attributes.headline
Herpes Zoster and PHN Affecting Daily Living

# data[].attributes.subject
Herpes Zoster and PHN Affecting Daily Living

# data[].attributes.body
"Both herpes zoster and PHN are associated with clinically significant pain, but though the pain of herpes zoster is generally short-lived, the pain of PHN can continue for months or even years. In both instances, the pain has a significant negative impact on a individual's mood and ability to conduct activities of daily living," (Weaver, 2007).

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(1), S2.

-Matthew Ferrer

# data[].attributes.body
"Although autopsy studies indicate that prostate cancer is present in about 70% of men at age 80, only 3% die from it. A large proportion of prostate cancers are latent, unlikely to produce clinical symptoms or affect survival."
(Haber, 2016, p. 47)

Haber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professions (7th ed.) NY: Springer Publishing Company.

-Kevin Cortez

# data[].attributes.body
“Herpes zoster poses a significant healthcare burden to the US population. Herpes zoster results in 2.1 hospitalizations per 100,000 patient-years; this number encompasses hospitalization for zoster across all age groups, but hospitalization is far more common among older adults—9.3 per 100,000 patient-years for those aged 60 years or older— than for younger adults (1.5 per 100,000 patient-years for those aged 25 through 59 years).”

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(1), S2.

-Litza Hays

# data[].attributes.body
"When blood sugar levels fall to dangerously low levels and the person is about to have a hypoglycemic attack, dogs react by whining, barking, licking, or performing some other agitated display (O'Connor, O'Connor, & Walsh, 2008). Dogs are currently being trained in Britain to warm diabetic owners that their blood sugar level has fallen to a dangerously low level" (Haber, 2016, p. 68).

Haber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professionals (7th ed.). NY: Springer Publishing Company.

-Michelle Arakaki

# data[].attributes.body
"Stress and physical trauma also appear to play a role in determining the timing and, possibly, location of herpes zoster. In a case-control study of patients with herpes zoster who were matched by age, sex, and race with herpes zoster–free control subjects, individuals with herpes zoster were significantly more likely to have had negative life events in the 2, 3, or 6 months before the onset of zoster and to have had significantly more total life events in the 6 months before the onset of the rash."

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 107(3), S3.

-Danielle Herman

# data[].attributes.body
"Recent data suggest that herpes zoster develops in approximately 1 million
Americans each year. This frequency is based on an incidence of 11.12 cases per 1000 patient-years in a sample
of individuals aged 60 years or older"

Weaver, B.A. (2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in the United States. JAOA, 107, (3) S3

- Gienel Rayos

# data[].attributes.body
"What does the future hold? The CDC (Cheng et al., 2013) reported that diabetes grew by 45% over the past two decades, with the greatest increase seen among older adults aged 65 and over. Older adults are also living longer with diabetes (Geiss et al., 2014), which I think is a mixed blessing. The longer life comes with rising health care costs and the quality-of-life burden of living with this chronic disease." (Haber, 63).

Harber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professionals (7th ed.). NY: Springer Publishing Company.

-Mona Daif-Mackary

# data[].attributes.body
"The rash of herpes zoster often is preceded by and accompanied by throbbing, stabbing, burning, or lancinating pain; the pain is not a direct result of the rash, but instead is thought to be a result of viral inflammation of the nerves. Older individuals and immunocompromised patients are more likely to have more severe acute herpes zoster pain11 that can have increased consequences for their quality of life and ability to perform daily activities. "

Weaver, B.A. (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States. JAOA, 107, (3) S4

-Katherine Dyment

# data[].attributes.body
"Postherpetic neuralgia is the third most common cause of neuropathic pain in the United States, behind neuropathic low back pain and diabetic neuropathy.18 Postherpetic neuralgia is of varying duration and develops in 9% to 34% of individuals with herpes zoster, depending on the definition used and population studied."

Weaver, B.A. (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States. JAOA, 107, (3) S5

- Ana Karen Aguilar

# data[].attributes.body
" The discomfort of preparing for a colonoscopy discourages some from participation, and has inspired less intrusive alternatives - nine of which are ready for prime time yet. A " virtual" colonoscopy utilizes a scanner that takes hundreds of x-rays at different angles from the outside, then utilizes a sophisticated software to the data to produce a three- dimensional image of the colon". ( Haber, 2016, p.50)

Haber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging : Practical Applications for health Professionals. NY Springer Publishing Company.

-Tieng Nguyen

# data[].attributes.body
"Individuals with herpes zoster were more likely to report trauma at their rash site, but were just as likely as subjects without herpes zoster to report trauma at other sites during the preceding 6 months. Thus, evidence suggests that both mental and physical stress may play a role in precipitating an outbreak of herpes zoster."

It was very interesting to find that someone who was mentally stressed would be just as likely to outbreak of herpes zoster as those where also physically stress. This tells us that a person's mental health is extremely important and that we need to pay more attention to mental health of individuals.

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States.
JAOA, 107, (3), S6.

- Kevin Vo

# data[].attributes.headline
Food for Thought: Recipe for a Healthy Heart

# data[].attributes.subject
Food for Thought: Recipe for a Healthy Heart

# data[].attributes.body
“A Polymeal would be even better than a Polypill (Franco et al., 2004). The long title of their article provided a good summary of it: 'The Polymeal: A More Natural, Safer, And Probably Tastiest (than the Polypill) Strategy to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease by More than 75%.' The Polymeal consists of wine, fish, dark chocolate, fruits, vegetables, garlic, and almonds" (Haber, 2016, p. 73).

Haber, D. (2016). Health promotion and aging.  New York, Ny: Springer Publishing Company

- Julia Nguyen

# data[].attributes.body
“Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, affecting about one in seven Americans at some point during their lifetime. More than half of skin cancer related deaths occur in people over age 65. Many years of sun exposure, exacerbated during an earlier time by ignorance of the danger of sunburn and the absence of sunscreen protection, makes the older adult a prime candidate for skin cancer.” (Haber, 2016, p. 50)

Harber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professionals (7th ed.). NY: Springer Publishing Company.

-Kaylee Wilson

# data[].attributes.headline
It's not just age, that slows someone down. 

# data[].attributes.subject
It's not just age, that slows someone down. 

# data[].attributes.body
"Both herpes zoster and PHN are associated with clinically significant
pain, but though the pain of herpes zoster is generally short-lived, the pain of PHN can continue for months or even
years. In both instances, the pain has a significant negative impact on an individual’s mood and ability to conduct activities of daily living."

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States. JAOA, 107, (3), S6.

- Kiara Peregrina

# data[].attributes.headline
It's the Little Things that can be the most dangerous. 

# data[].attributes.subject
It's the Little Things that can be the most dangerous. 

# data[].attributes.body
"What is less known about this virus is that 90% of influenza deaths occur in individuals aged 65 and older-about 23,000 on average (Pilkinton & Talbot, 2015). ( Harber, 69).

Harber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professionals (7th ed.) . NY: Springer Publishing Company.

-Dylan Hunt

# data[].attributes.body
"The tetanus disease is sometimes called lockjaw, because the first symptom is often a contraction, or stiffening, of the muscles around the mouth. It is caused by a bacterial toxin that affects the nervous system, which enters through a cut or wound that becomes contaminated with the tetanus bacteria" (Haber, 2016, p. 71).

Haber, D. (2016). Health promotion and aging: Practical applications for health professionals. NY: Springer Publishing Company.

- Linda Huynh

# data[].attributes.body
"Diabetes is defined as 126 milligrams of glucose per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood or above. The prevalence of Americans age 65+ with this level of blood sugar or above is 27% and rising. This is due to increases in obesity and the increases in the number of older minorities (Asians, Hispanics, and African Americans) with higher incidence rates. The higher the blood sugar, the greater the vulnerability to physical deterioration as well as the greater decline in mental function (Yaffe et al., 2011). (Haber, 2016, p.63-64)."

Haber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professionals (7th ed.). NY: Springer Publishing Company.

-Rebecca Villaran

# data[].attributes.body
"Some women do not view their menopausal symptoms as a medical problem and do not seek a consultation with a physician. At the other end of the spectrum, menopause may be viewed as an estrogen-deficiency disease" (Haber, 2016, p. 53).

Haber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and aging: Practical applications for health professionals. New York: Springer Publishing Co.

- Rebecca Alanis

# data[].attributes.body
"Older women are more likely to be afflicted with debilitating arthritis, osteoporosis, and other conditions that lend themselves to chronic care. Women are also likely to live longer than men with these debilitating conditions. Older men are more likely to encounter life-threatening acute conditions that require hospitalization. Thus, Medicare, with its emphasis on hospital coverage and neglect of chronic-care support services, favors old men (Haber, 2016, p. 77)."

Haber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professionals (7th ed.). NY: Springer Publishing Company.

- Tien (Alison) Ho

# data[].attributes.body
According to the book "health promotion and aging" book by David Haber, about half of all women over the age of 50 will have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime, while men lose bone more gradually then women, they are still at risk of fracture. In the other hand, women lose their bone mass faster due to menopause. In my opinion, this is a problem that can be prevented by consuming calcium and being physically active.

Haber, D. (2016). Health Promotion and Aging: Practical Applications for Health Professionals (pp.57-58) New York, US: Springer Publishing Co (US).

-Brian Lagunas

# data[].attributes.body
"Although the
zoster vaccine reduces the incidence of herpes zoster and PHN among vaccinated
individuals, further research is
needed to develop new treatment modalities and to optimize existing modes of treatment to provide adequate
pain control, particularly for those patients who are not eligible for vaccination
and in whom the pain of acute
herpes zoster and PHN develop."
It's interesting to see how common PHN and herpes zoster is and how we still lack an effective treatment for both.

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States. JAOA, 107, (3), S6.

-Brian Kogawara

# data[].attributes.body
“Stress and physical trauma also appear to play a role in determining the timing and, possibly, location of herpes zoster”. It was really astonishing to know how stress trauma was one of the main causes of shingles.

Weaver, B. A. (2007). The Burden of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in the United States. JAOA,107, (3), S2-S7.

-Michael Emil