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combustion is the process of burning something.

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Fossil fuels are natural fuels such as coal and gas, formed in the geological past of the remains of living plants and animals

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Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy that is reflected or emitted from objects in the form of electrical and magnetic waves that can travel through space
Example:
Radio Waves

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Thermal energy is the internal energy present in a system due to its temperature.
Equation:
Q=mc∆T
Example:
Thermal energy from a hot stove is transferred to a metal pot and causes the water molecules to move faster increasing the temperature of the water.

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Mechanical energy is a kind of energy created by the physical movement or rotation, revolution etc of anything.
Equation:
ME=KE+PE
Example:
A moving volley ball

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the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. It is said to be conserved over time.
Equation:
K1 + U1 = K2 + U2
Example:
Energy in form of electricity is converted to heat and light and  it is conserved. Like a lightbulb.

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Energy transformation is a change from one form of energy into another.
Example:
This dam is using the mechanical energy of the flowing water and transforming it to electrical energy.

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Basically matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. There are 3 types of matter, Solid, Liquid and Gas.
Example:
The entire planet is made out of matter.

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Nuclear energy is the energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity.
Example:
A fission reaction at a nuclear power plant provides enough energy to give electricity to large cities.

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Chemical energy may be released during a chemical reaction, often in the form of heat
Example:
Petroleum

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Is stored energy that increases or decreases depending on position and condition.
There are 2 types of potential energy
gravitational and elastic.
Equation:
weight x height
Example: When and archer pulls back on an arrow the bow changes shape, the bow now has potential energy.

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Electrical energy is the energy newly derived from electric potential energy or kinetic energy.
Equation:
E = P × T
Example:
In a car battery, the chemical reaction creates an electron which has the energy to move in an electric current. These moving charges provide electrical energy to the circuits in the car.

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Velocity is the speed of something in a given direction.
Equation:
Velocity=Distance/Time
Example:
A plane going forwards at 420 km per hour.

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Friction is the resistance that one object encounters when moving over another object.
Equation:
Friction=Mass x Acceleration
Example:
Rubbing both or your hands together for heat.

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Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred in a unit of time
Equation:
Power=Work/Time
Example:
I will cut through the log faster than John because he is using a handsaw and I am using a chainsaw. Therefore I have more power.

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Work is a force that causes the movement or displacement of an object. Work is measured in Joules.
Equation:
Work=Force x distance
Example:
You're doing work by rolling a bowling ball

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Energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted to different forms. It cannot be created or destroyed.
Example:
You are using energy to breathe right now.

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Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and the amount of kinetic energy an object depends on its mass and speed. Kinetic energy can only be transferred through a collision
Equation:
KE=1/2  x mass x (velocity)2
Example:
An airplane has a large amount of kinetic energy in flight due to its large mass and fast velocity.