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Visual #1: The Committee of Public Safety

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Visual #1: The Committee of Public Safety

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The Committee of Public Safety was the political body that gained dictatorial control over France during the Reign of Terror, dominating the National Convention and relying on the support of Jacobins. The committee was created to provide defense for the nation against its enemies, both foreign and domestic, and to oversee the executive government. Under its control, harsh measures were taken against alleged enemies of the Revolution, the economy was placed in a wartime basis, and there was mass enlistment into armed forces.
- Vanessa Ngo

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The guillotine was first used during the Reign of Terror to execute the internal enemies of France and to protect France from foreign invaders, being seen as national security. Anybody considered to be counterrevolutionary was executed with the guillotine. However, even after France's success over their enemies, the guillotine continued  to be used because Robespierre wanted to purge France of everyone who was corrupt.

- Vanessa Ngo

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Olympe de Gouges was a French social reformer who challenged the role of women in society.  She was active in political causes and social issues and defended her beliefs through her writing, which included looking to improve means of divorce, maternity hospitals, and the rights of orphaned children and unmarried mothers. De Gouges also sided with Girondins, defended Louis XIV, and called for allowing citizens to choose the form of government. After the fall of the Girondins, she was arrested, subjected to a mock trial, and sent to the guillotine.
- Vanessa Ngo

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1793-1794
Maximillien Robespierre was a radical Jacobin leader and also a prominent figure in the French Revolution. In 1793, he dominated the Committee of Public Safety during Reign of Terror. However in 1794, he was assassinated during the Thermidorian Reaction.
Successes:
Although of all the brutal tactics that he had used to get to his successes, he gained dictorial power and because of his brutal tactics, it lead to "unity" due to his executions of those who opposed radical ideas, leading to unification through fear.
Failures:
By abusing his power as being Jacobin leader and also prominent in the Committee of Public Safety, he lost the trust of people. He overused the guillotine and eventually was executed by guillotine.
Revolutionary Values:
He fought for universal suffrage, for unrestricted admission to the national guard, to public offices, and to the commissioned ranks of the army, and for the right to petition, through questionable tactics.
-Sarah Cam

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Jacques Hébert, born on November 15, 1757, was a French political journalist during the French Revolution who later became the chief spokesman for the Parisian sansculottes. He was first introduce to the Revolution in 1789 which inspired him to establish a series of political satires newspaper known as Le Père Duchesne (1790). In the beginning, his newspaper focuses on the despotism from the aristocracy and clergy, however, in 1792, he launched a campaign against King Louis XVI. Hébert's accomplishments include the establishment of his newspaper, involvements in the Revolutionary Commune that overthrew the monarchy, creating the Temple of Reason replacing Catholicism, and expelled the Girondist deputies. However, he failed, when he persuaded the Cordeliers Club to call for a popular uprising, but the Committee of Public Safety arrested him and was executed 10 days later. Hébert was involved in the Revolution in that Hébert and his followers organized massive demonstrations of Parisian workers to forced the National Convention to inaugurate a state-controlled economy and the institute of the Reign of Terror. Additionally, in his newspaper he demanded the death sentence of Louis XVI and the elimination of Girondist.

- Britney Huynh

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Robespierre  was overthrown and arrested by the National Convention. He was the leading member of the Committee of Public Safety and encouraged the death of over 17,000 enemies of the Revolution, mostly by guillotine.  One day after his arrest, Robespierre and his followers were guillotined in the Place de la Revolution in Paris in front of a large, cheering crowd.
- Vanessa Ngo

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The Revolution was opposed by the French nobility and the Roman Catholic Church. The French nobility were opposed because it caused them to lose their inherited privileges. The clergy were turned into employees of the state and were required to take an oath of loyalty to the nation through the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. The people were encouraged to call out those who were opposed to ideals of the Revolution and send them to the guillotine, which included the nobles and the clergy.
- Vanessa Ngo

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The Law of Suspects
http://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/law-of-suspects-1793/
The Death of Maximilien Robespierre
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maximilien-Robespierre
http://www.historywiz.com/terror.htm
The Death of Marie Antoinette
http://www.history.com/topics/marie-antoinette

Olympe de Gouges
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olympe-de-Gouges
The Festival of Supreme Beings
https://www.marxists.org/history/france/revolution/robespierre/1794/festival.htm
The Death of Georges Danton
http://thereignofterror1793.weebly.com/georges-danton.html
Opposition of the Nobility
https://moralupbringing.com/2015/02/08/the-reign-of-terror-french-revolution-circa-1800-ad/

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1791-1795
Joseph Cambon is a financial administrator who stabilized the finances of the French government from 1791 to 1795.
Successes:
Cambon help stabilize the finances of the French government and when dominated by Robespierre, he conspired with the Girondists to help overthrow the committee and execute Robespierre.
Failures:
He was exiled and had to flee to Belgium because of the fact that he spoke out against Robespierre and gain his suspicions. When wanting to gain more power, he had be exiled.
Revolutionary Values:
He opposed the monarchy like the Jacobins and wanted true independence from the absolutists. He advocated for religion freedom and also the freedom of expression.
-Sarah Cam

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Georges Danton held position in the National Assembly from 1791 to 1794 and also in the National Convention from 1792 to 1795. He opposed the Jacobins Club, especially one of its leaders, Robespierre and because of this opposition, he became the leader of the Indulgents.
Successes:
Among his many successes, gaining a position of the Legislative Assembly was his greatest success. There, he was able to influence the representatives of the Legislative Assembly and was a prominent role in the Revolution movement.
Revolutionary Values:
Another success that reflected his Revolutionary values was on August 10, 1792, he attacked Marquis de Lafayette, an advisor to the king because of taking advantage of his power as advisor to influence politics. He opposed the absolute monarchy, therefore, played a part in overthrowing the monarchy. Danton wanted a change in the governement to protect the rights of the people. However, he didn't approve of the tactics that the Convention used.
Failures:
Danton was accused of embezzlement of state funds, and therefure lost his fame among the representatives. He failed to save the people from the absolute monarchy and was executed because of his relations to the committee.
-Sarah Cam

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At just 15 years old, Marie married French King Louis XVI, receiving the title of Queen of France. In 1789, she was involved in the French Revolution because the royal family was forced to live under the supervision of revolutionary authorities. Her significance mainly comes from her role as a powerful, symbolic figure. Her royal family demonstrates to everything that was wrong with the monarchy and the Second Estate control. She was view as a negative influence on France because of her extravagant lifestyle and spendings and her rejection of reform of the French Revolution. After the execution of Louis XVI, Marie was arrested and killed due to rejection of revolutionary ideas. In April of 1792, the Jacobin government declared war on Austria in which they lost tremendously causing the blame on the queen because her brother was the Holy Roman Emperor. The Reign of Terror initiated after the death of Louis XVI, and the campaign against Marie grew. She lost custody of her son and was convicted of treason and sent to the guillotine.
- Britney Huynh

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Georges Danton:
http://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/georges-danton/
Robespierre:
http://www.historytoday.com/marisa-linton/robespierre-and-terror
Cambon:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Cambon

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-Yobella Cook