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River Valley Civilization Era (3000 B.C.E .to 600 B.C.E.)

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Theme #1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

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Theme #1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

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Theme #2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

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Theme #2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

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Theme #3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict

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Theme #3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict

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Theme #4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

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Theme #4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

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Theme #5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

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Theme #5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

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1. Sumerian people settle down in Mesopotamia due to its nutrient-rich silts which is key for irrigation
2. The Phoenicians practiced maritime trade, thus making them dominate the Mediterranean trade from 1200 - 800 BCE
3. The Hittites migrate to central Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), in 1900 B.C.E. they later dominated Babylonina
4. Harappan Society was grew and matured  at the Indus River and the civilization lasted from 3500 BCE to 1500 BCE after they vanished, the Aryans entered and conquered where the Harappans lived on.

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1. Sumerian city-states begin to appear around 4000 BCE and  soon dominated the Middle East from 3200-2350 B.C.E. They built ziggurats the was considered to be the "home of the god" and gave the divine mandate to the kings of the region
2. Iron became the primary material used to build machinery/tools for military and agricultural applications around 1000 B.C.E. due to it being cheaper.
3. Shipbuilding became more prominent in Mesopotamia which led to the increase in trade networks.
4. Sumerians developed a new writing system called      "cuneiform" around 3500 B.C.E  and it was used up until 400 B.C.E when it declined with the spread of Greek alphabetic script.

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1. The Shang's political system consisted a network of fortified cities but they were loyal to the center of the dynasty.
2. The decentralized leadership style that was used in the Zhou dynasty lead them to their demise and the "Warring States Period" began.
3. Legendary conqueror Menes unifies the Egyptian kingdom around 3000 B.C.E.
4. Egypt and Nubia had competition over Nile trade and eventually they had a military conflict between from 3100-2600 B.C.E.

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1.The Phoenicians built city-states along the Mediterranean coast. This allowed maritime trade to commence and soon they dominated the Mediterranean trade
2. During the Neolithic Era, men began to herd animals and women nurtured vegetation.
3. The emergence of villages and towns during the Neolithic era lead to a surplus of food and the practice of specializing in specific jobs became more and more prominent.
4. The Yellow River held fertile deposits which was crucial in the beginning of agricultural production in China.

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1. During the Paleolithic Era, gender equality was relatively dominant in the nomadic culture. Determinants of status was primarily based in: age, skill, and bravery.
2. When related to food production during the Paleolithic Era, females practiced plant gathering while men practiced hunting/foraging.
3. Social classification was practiced in India as it ranked the most powerful individuals to the least powerful ones (depending on their occupation).
4.  The ruling classes in China had a massive advantage over every other individual in the country as they had: luxurious lifestyles, financial support from agricultural surplus. and many other forms.

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Classical Era (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)

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Theme #1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

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Theme #1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

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Theme #2:  Development and Interaction of Cultures

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Theme #2:  Development and Interaction of Cultures

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Theme #3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict

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Theme #3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict

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Theme #4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

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Theme #4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

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Theme #5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

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Theme #5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

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1.  The Shang dynasty began to practice bronze metallurgy from 1200 B.C.E. Horse-drawn chariots and other wheeled vehicles were also developed for the Shang's large army.
2. The development of cheap iron weapons during the Zhou dynasty ends the Shang's monopoly on Bronze.
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1. Major world religions at this time were polytheistic, meaning that they believed in more than one god.
2. Stoics primarily focused on bring all people from different origins into one family
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1. Caste System in India was in place.
2. The Confucian philosophy called filial piety became prominent in China.
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Post-Classical Era (600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.)

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Theme #1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

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Theme #1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

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Theme #2: Development and Interaction of  Cultures

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Theme #2: Development and Interaction of  Cultures

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Theme #3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict

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Theme #3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict

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Theme #4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

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Theme #4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

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Theme #5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

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Theme #5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

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1. The "Equal-Field" system was put in place to ensure an equal distribution of land to individuals and their families based on the land's fertility and the recipient's needs.
2. The "Grand Canal" was built and used as the main route for long-distance transportation within China.
3. Seasonal irrigation was practiced in southern India to prevent drought and famines from arising
4. The Tang and Song dynasties developed Vietnamese fast-ripening rice with which great as is produced rice at such a fast rate.

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1. When the Arabs conquered north-west India, Islam was introduced to the region an d native Indians converted to the religion as their faith.
2. Arabs and Indians have been trading among each other before Islam
3.The "kowtow" ritual becomes more prominent in captured lands to show respect the China's kings.
4. Iron plows and soil fertilization were technologies and practices that were used and developed to efficiently improve irrigation and raise crops.

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1. The Sui Dynasty was created in China with a strong and centralized government from 589 C.E. to 618 C.E.
2.  Imperial civil service examinations, that were based off of Confucians educations curriculum, built loyalty to the dynasty of China
3. The Tang military expanded China's borders by conquering lands and placing military units in countries , such as: Korea, Vietnam, Tibet, etc.
4. China became known as the "Middle Kingdom" as they grew more powerful and captured lands

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1. Iron, Copper, Salt and raw materials was traded throughout Southern India.
2. The Tang Dynasty created postal and courier services to communicate with not only regions with in China but with neighboring nations.
3. Gunpowder was invented
4.The use of Coke in furnaces increased iron production for selling and trade.

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1. Temples within the India society had more uses other than as a "religions center" but were also used as the center of coordination of irrigation.
2. Status for nobility in the Nomadic society is hereditary, but in some cases, due to incompetence, the trend can be lost.
3. Foot-binding
4. There was an increased emphasis on ancestor worship during the Song dynasty which created elaborate grave rituals and facility gathering in honor of the deceased ancestors.

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Early Modern Era (1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.)

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Theme #1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

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Theme #1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment

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Theme #2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

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Theme #2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

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Theme #3: State-   Building, Expansion, and Conflict

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Theme #3: State-   Building, Expansion, and Conflict

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Theme #4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

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Theme #4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

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Theme #5: Development      and Transformation of             Social Structures

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Theme #5: Development      and Transformation of             Social Structures

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