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Double loop learning which is the solving the underlying problems as well as the problem in question.
The single loop learning is the solving the problem in question quickly but not actually solving the real underlying issues.

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◾Single-loop learning comes from the fact that human beings, faced with adversity, just try to set the same governing variables in a different way – as a quest for efficiency.
◾Double loop learning is when we look at the governing variables (norms, policies, objectives) that guide our activities and our responses to events occurring. This is where effectiveness (as opposed to just efficiency) comes in.

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The starting point is determining the difference between theory and action. Everyone has two theories of action: theories in use (governing our actual behavior) and espoused theories (what we say we do). In popular terms this also relates to the saying: “do as I say (not as I do)”. Argyris argues that effectiveness comes from aligning these two theories of action.

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Double loop learning entails the modification of goals or decision making rule in the light of experience. Double loop learning recognizes that the way a problem is defined and solved can be the source of a problem.
Double-loop learning is contrasted with "single-loop learning": the repeated attempt at the same problem, with no variation of method and without ever questioning the goal. Chris described the distinction between single-loop and double-loop learning using the following analogy:

[A] thermostat that automatically turns on the heat whenever the temperature in a room drops below 68°F is a good example of single-loop learning. A thermostat that could ask, "why am I set to 68°F?" and then explore whether or not some other temperature might more economically achieve the goal of heating the room would be engaged in double-loop learning.

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The management theory of Chris Argyris states that, in contrast to double-loop learning, which questions underlying assumptions, single-loop learning, which solves problems superficially and symptomatically, fails to address the real issues that make companies ineffective

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Developed alongside Donald Schon

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https://www.bl.uk/people/chris-argyris
http://infed.org/mobi/chris-argyris-theories-of-action-double-loop-learning-and-organizational-learning/

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Chris  was born in Newark, New Jersey on July 16, 1923 Grew up in Irvington, New Jersey. During the Second World War he joined the Signal Corps in the U.S. Army eventually becoming a Second Lieutenant He went to university at Clark, where he came into contact with Kurt Lewin. He graduated with a degree in Psychology (1947).  As well as making a significant contribution to the literature Chris Argyris was known as a dedicated and committed teacher. Argyris was also a director of the Monitor Company in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Died in 2013

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Key management theory explained

Reference to any literature produced by the theorist

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