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for problem solving

to survive-evolutionary benefits

It gives a power, an advantage over others

to use it as a weapon- nuclear race

questioning my preconceived notion

curiosity

accomplish some specific real-world goal

gain recognition and be valued

for a better explanation and understanding of complexities

dispel negative beliefs

maximising pleasure and minimising pain

for personal growth

to fit in - social ties

to predict intentions

perceived behavioural control (Theory of Planned Behaviour)

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12_Is bias inevitable in the production of knowledge

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12_Is bias inevitable in the production of knowledge

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Leading language and framing

Internalisation of Cultural and Social Bias

Social science brings perspectives, cultures, values, and assumptions

In the event of uncertainty, we make adjustments like relying too heavily on the first piece of information

Economic constraints

Political pressure

ideologies or dominant narratives

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35. values affect the production of knowledge

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35. values affect the production of knowledge

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Values direct which/what k to pursue/produce and why.

can introduce biases in the production of K

hinder progress or alter the perspectives

family values over religion?

Research Priorities and Funding

Can influence phrasing or framing Q

Can influence methodological Choices and ethics

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 34 value affect our acquisition of knowledge

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 34 value affect our acquisition of knowledge

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Both positive and negative aspects

affect our reasons for acquiring knowledge

affect how we acquire knowledge

affect who we acquire knowledge from (sources)

can make things seem less or more objectionable

open to new ideas

Motivation and resilience

ethical boundaries

can influence what to prioritise

openly choose and affirm what we value, and we hold ourselves

say, “I do” when we marry to affirm before our community that we freely and openly have made a decision, publicly give our word, and stand by it

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Reliability (consistency)

Validity

Objectivie

Testable

consensous

Test of the time (temporal)

Transferable

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26. Does our K depends on our interaction with other knowers

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26. Does our K depends on our interaction with other knowers

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To share ideas, perspectives, and experiences, and develop a deeper and more comprehensive understanding.

Language learning (acquisition)

Shapes our knowledge through disagreement and debate (challenge assumptions and biases).

Group polarisation due to selective acceptance or rejection of knowledge.

It can raise ethical questions and concerns.

Cultural knowledge transmission

Brainstorming ideas, especially in problem-solving

History uses eye witness testimonies as a source of evidence and in courts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
IB Infinity Thinking aims to be a comprehensive hub for students navigating the IB curriculum, especially focusing on the core components: Theory of Knowledge (TOK), Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS), and the Extended Essay (EE). The channel will delve deep into these essential elements, offering guidance, insights, and practical tips to help students excel in their IB journey.

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Prompt 7; Implications of having or not having

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Prompt 7; Implications of having or not having

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-Creative (theory and practical)

-individual(self awareness vs confused) and shared sphere (innovation vs lack of progress)

-Type of knowledge (truth)

in decision making

-Power (advantage and expoiltation)

-Understanding (misunderstanding) or informed choices (traditional medicine)

-identity (connected or crisis-disconnected)

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Prompt 4; what grounds we doubt a claim? 

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Prompt 4; what grounds we doubt a claim? 

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source

methodology

ideology/bias/ agenda/perspectives

lack of evidence

contradictory evidence

inconsistencies

logical fallacies

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Prompt 33; current K shaped by historical development

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Prompt 33; current K shaped by historical development

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standing on the shoulders of giants (serves foundation)

perspectives shaped by the norms passed on by the groups

Policites shaped by past social and economic factors

values (respect & intergrity)

Identity and attitudes

interpretation

Theories of truth

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provides insight (how and why)

better description (how)

promotes follow up Q

good reasoning (why)

depends on context

depends on goal

clarity

convincing

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Prompt 30; role of imagination in production of K

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Prompt 30; role of imagination in production of K

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role in theeorisng concept

serve as tool to generate new idea

think out of the box

predicting (hypothesis) or preempting

problem solving

creating propaganda besed knowledge

may promote unfounded or unsupported claims or beliefs

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Legal (patents)

by authority (govt, institutions)

Personal vs shared

depends on the Q

intended meaning

depends on who interpreted it

legal like patents

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depends on the context (level of potential consequences)

to whom for whom

where does the obligation stem from?

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Prompt 25; distinguish b/w K belief and opinion

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Prompt 25; distinguish b/w K belief and opinion

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sufficient reasoning

nature of evidence

objective

verifiable

level of certainity

opinions (not to fixed- only an experssion)?

belief (shaped by...norms)

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Prompt 24; How context influences acceptance or rejection

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Prompt 24; How context influences acceptance or rejection

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provides additional information (background) and adds to the credibility or authority

changes justification

changes goal (long or short term )

changes value or significance (culture?)

Changes perspectives (dominance)

Changes familiarity (digital generations)

shifts focus through persuasive language (emotional appeal) or selection based manipulation

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Prompt 23; how imp materials and tools in Pro or acquisition of K

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Prompt 23; how imp materials and tools in Pro or acquisition of K

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accuracy

precision (validity-measurement instruments)

maintaing the original essence (cultural)

testing K (reliability)

Data collection

getting overview (graph or apps)

analysing data

hypothesis testing

predicting (climate model)

recording K (memory, trade and digitalisation)

Navigation (maps)

source checking (google scholar)

Risk (ethical, or unknown at this point of time)

replication (accurate) or like AI generated

be aware tools can be manipulated (section bias images)

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Prompt 22; expert's role in consumption and acquisition

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Prompt 22; expert's role in consumption and acquisition

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Confidence

provide nuanced and credible K

too micro rather holistic?

shaping social norms (revolution, power)

Instrumental in development of K

Fact checking (certainity)

influencing decisions making (by domination)

distinguishing fake myth

marginalised voices ignored?

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-impacts cognitive styles

-influence world view (towards modernisation) OR pose a threat to existing, established norms (globalisation)

-Deep culture influences mindset (gender role beliefs/attitudes or structures and social hierarchies)

empowerment (values)

-Perspectives (subjectivity) interpretation

-shapes ethics and morality

-Influences Lifestyle choices (secondhand clothing)

-Ideals about respecting elders

-Perspectives (terrorism)

-investing habit (long-term or short-term orientation

-Survival and evolution

-encourages independence as unit that leads to sustainability

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Prompt 20; relationship b/w P experience and K

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Prompt 20; relationship b/w P experience and K

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Guides attention and interpretation

extends understanding/insight

Reinforces and can lead to biases

challenges pre-existing belief

relationship is bidirectional

pivotal (stimulates) in production, further questioning

emotion-based creative (writing essay, novel, artist)

Eric Kandel's memory laid the foundation for curiosity and study slugs

helpful in pattern recognition and prediction?

skill-based learning

may lead to narrowed viewpoints and biases (political, cultural)

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sufficient reasons

consistancy

plausibility (coherence)

rule based justification

pragmatic justification

evidendence based justification

devoid of bias (objective)

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scope of our perception

too abstract (truth, love, afterlife)

limited resources (materials and tools)

limited access

too complex (developmental based cognition)

limited language (historical tablets)

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Prompt 16; some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? 

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Prompt 16; some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? 

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A researcher must conduct the investigation in an ethical and responsible manner. They must be aware and safeguard their participants against all potential harm

They must respect others' privacy  (can be tied to rights) or dignity (mental and physical health). Like in the Stanford prison experiment.

This may depend on the ideology (personal/state) like based on certain political ideology

Purpose can also sometimes be problematic like the famous syphilis study  sy

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holy/spiritual

ethical

prejudice and biases

political (cersorship), economic (funding) and cultural restraints

basic training

state governance

scared (societal mindset)

time

age

lack of technology

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Prompt 14; belongs to only to cummunity of knowers

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Prompt 14; belongs to only to cummunity of knowers

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Legal (copy rights, patents)

Due to expertise (marine science)

specific to communities (rituals, symbols)

based on age (fashion, music?)

language

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Prompt 11; new K change establised belief and values

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Prompt 11; new K change establised belief and values

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Paradigm shift

challenge the already established beliefs (revolutions)

due to usefuleness

change in societal values (more open now)

change in political scene

change in relationship with nature

change in genre

Dynamis culture (values change)

due to new evidence

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Misundertanding

lost in translation

oversimplification

sometime leading due to language

sensitive information and after effects (ethics, harm, govt/personal secrets)

accuracy, reliability or certainity

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quantitative research

value based knowledge are less open to interpretation

result vs discussion

rule based (axioms, laws in science)

Power/dictatorship?

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Prompt 3; Features of K impact reliability?

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Prompt 3; Features of K impact reliability?

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source

method

tools

measurement

Features of K's impact reliability?

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experience based

Truth theory (corrospondance, pragmatic, coherent)

evidence based (accuracy)

Prompt 1; what counts as K

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Prompt 2; some types of k more useful than others

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Prompt 2; some types of k more useful than others

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Based on to whom

for what?

goal (Theoretical or practical application)

value-based? like communication tool like writing

Time-dependent?

Context-dependent (financial)

Foundational vs. Specialised Knowledge

Timeless vs. Time-sensitive Knowledge