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1818 - JAMES MADISON, 4th U.S. President and Drafter of the 5th Amendment - “Animals, including man, and plants may be regarded as the most important part of the terrestrial creation.... To all of them, the atmosphere is the breath of life. Deprived of it, they all equally perish....”   

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1818 - JAMES MADISON, 4th U.S. President and Drafter of the 5th Amendment - “Animals, including man, and plants may be regarded as the most important part of the terrestrial creation.... To all of them, the atmosphere is the breath of life. Deprived of it, they all equally perish....”   

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Proposed that energy reaching the planet as sunlight must be balanced by energy returning to space since heated surfaces emit radiation. He reasoned some of that energy must be held within the atmosphere and not return to space, in order to keep the Earth warm. He proposed that Earth’s thin covering of air—its atmosphere—acts the way a glass greenhouse would. Energy enters through the glass walls, but is then trapped inside, much like a warm greenhouse.

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1842 PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE - The Supreme Court first accepted the public trust doctrine in 1842 with regards to a NJ case, finding that the public held a common right to fish in tidal waters because the lands were owned by the state for the common use by the people. Public trust doctrine recognizes the public right to natural resources including air, running water, the seas and its shore. 

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1842 PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE - The Supreme Court first accepted the public trust doctrine in 1842 with regards to a NJ case, finding that the public held a common right to fish in tidal waters because the lands were owned by the state for the common use by the people. Public trust doctrine recognizes the public right to natural resources including air, running water, the seas and its shore. 

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Laboratory tests showed that coal gas containing CO2, methane and volatile hydrocarbons was especially effective at absorbing energy.

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A Swedish Chemist, Svante Arrhenius, began researching how decreasing CO2 levels might be able to cool the earth. This chemist was ahead of his time, proving that if CO2 levels were to be doubled, temperatures would increase by 9 degrees F. Modern climate researches have looked at his studies and claimed them to be accurate and not far off to today.
- Dahlia

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1909 - Theodore Roosevelt, “If we of this generation destroy the resources from which our children would otherwise derive their livelihood, we reduce the capacity of our land to support a population, and so either degrade the standard of living or deprive the coming generations of their right to life on this continent.”  

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1909 - Theodore Roosevelt, “If we of this generation destroy the resources from which our children would otherwise derive their livelihood, we reduce the capacity of our land to support a population, and so either degrade the standard of living or deprive the coming generations of their right to life on this continent.”  

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Scientists began to claim that carbon emissions have a warming effect. Guy Steward Callendar, a British engineer, made aware of how warm the United States and North Atlantic Region had become due to the Industrial Revolution. He continued to argue that the greenhouse effect was underway into the 1960s but was met with skepticism.

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Established the first greenhouse gas monitoring station (Scripps Institution of Oceanography ) on top of Hawaii’s Mauna Loa Observatory. Data revealed what would become known as the “Keeling Curve” which is an upward, tooth-shaped curve graph showing a steady rise in CO2 levels, along with short, jagged up-and-down levels of the gas produced by repeated wintering and greening of the Northern Hemisphere.

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1960s Dr. Warren Washington (African American) 

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1960s Dr. Warren Washington (African American) 

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Became one of the first developers of groundbreaking computer models. Later, he incorporated surface hydrology (oceans and sea ice) and vegetation into the climate models along with the atmospheric data. He had presidential appointments under the Carter, Reagan, Clinton, and Bush administrations. He was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Obama "for his development and use of global climate models to understand climate and explain the role of human activities and natural processes in the Earth's climate system and for his work to support a diverse science and engineering workforce."

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During the 1970s, there was a "Cooling period." where some scientists thought that pollution could block the sunlight and that is why the earth was becoming cooler A Time magazine article came out in 1974 called "Another Ice Age?" where it described how it could be cooler. Eventually, the cooling period ended and CO2 was still very prevalent in the atmosphere

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The beginning of the 1980's marked a drastic increase in global temperatures. That summer was the hottest on record with many widespread droughts and wildfires occurring in the U.S. Scientists along with the media begin to pay closer attention to the issue at hand. NASA scientist James Hansen spoke that he was 99% sure global warming was upon us.
Jessica

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1989 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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1989 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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In 1989, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) was established under the UN. It was founded in an effort to provide a scientific understanding of climate change and its effects on politics and the environment. The creation of this organization lead to much needed research on climate change as its impacts became more dire and clear. Researchers were able to predict severe heat waves, hurricanes, droughts, and rising sea levels. - Julia

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Government leaders began discussions to try and stem the outflow of greenhouse gas emissions to prevent the most dire predicted outcomes. The first global agreement to reduce greenhouse gases, the Kyoto Protocol, was adopted in 1997.

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In March 2001, shortly after taking office, President George W. Bush announced the United States would not implement the Kyoto Protocol, saying the protocol was “fatally flawed in fundamental ways” and citing concerns that the deal would hurt the U.S. economy

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Former Vice President and presidential candidate Al Gore weighed in on the dangers of global warming with the debut of his film An Inconvenient Truth.

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IPCC was recognized for its work to address climate change

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U.S. joins the Paris Climate Accord. In that agreement, 195 countries pledged to set targets for their own greenhouse gas cuts and to report their progress. Pledged to not let the global temperature increase by two degrees

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Twenty-one youth plaintiffs filed a constitutional climate lawsuit, asserting the U.S. government contributed to climate change and therefore violated younger generations' constitutional rights to life, liberty, and property and failed to protect essential public trust resources.

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United States President Donald Trump withdraws from Paris Climate Accord and supports oil fracking, citing economic inequities.

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Swedish climate youth activist sparked an international movement to fight climate change. She started with a simple poster "School strike for climate" outside the Swedish Parliament and began skipping school on Fridays (Fridays for Future) to protest, requesting greater action. She influenced millions of young people all over the world to organize and protest.

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U.S. President Biden takes rejoins the Paris Climate Accord.