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A series of brilliant new machines, inventions, and gadgets have revolutionized the world during the last 200 years.

The Electric Dynamo
- An invention by Michael Faraday year 1831. He was experimenting with electromagnetic induction at the time. It is the first electric generator in the world. a machine that converts rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy on a continual basis. His contraption consisted of a spinning conductive disc that rotated between the poles of a permanent magnet, with voltage/current generated by brushes contacting the disc.

References:

- Smith, G. (2013).
Faraday's first dynamo: A retrospective. American Journal of Physics, Volume 81, Issue 12, pp. 907-917. Retrieved from https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AmJPh..81..907S/abstract

- Pettinger, T. (2015). “Modern inventions that changed the world”, Oxford, UK. www.biographyonline.net

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.biographyonline.net/scientists/modern-inventions.html

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GUNPOWDER
The first chemical explosive known as a gunpowder or black powder was made from sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). Gunpowder wasn’t a sudden invention. The Chinese had used saltpeter since the middle of the first century AD in various medical treatments. Gunpowder was invented during the Tang dynasty in the 9th century, but it wasn’t until the Song dynasty in the 11th century that the first recorded formula was documented. The Chinese used gunpowder and gunpowder-based weaponry as a military defense.

Reference:
Adhikari, S. (2019). Ancient Chinese Inventions and Discoveries. Retrieved from: https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/china-history/top-18-ancient-chinese-inventions/#2_Gunpowder

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https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/gunpowder-chinese-invention.jpg

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Michael Faraday

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Faraday

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Telephone
- The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. Bell, who was born in Scotland, worked at Boston University as a deaf educator. He experimented with conveying sound via electricity while studying ways to teach the deaf. During the day, he taught, but in his leisure time, he worked on constructing a telephone. On March 7, 1876, he filed a patent application. In most US cities, private telephone exchanges were in existence within five years.

Reference:
Biography Online. Retrieved from https://www.biographyonline.net/scientists/modern-inventions.html

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.si.edu/object/alexander-graham-bell-experimental-telephone%3Anmah_689864

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Alexander Graham Bell

Photo retrieved from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell

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Plastic
- Developed by John Wesley Hyatt year 1869. Hyatt was a printer and inventor from the United States. He was on the lookout for a less expensive alternative to ivory billiard balls. Hyatt created celluloid by combining cellulose nitrate and camphor to create a moldable, flexible substance. Plastic has changed the globe, becoming commonplace in packaging, housing, and even clothing. Because of its pervasiveness, the world is becoming increasingly concerned about the impact of plastic pollution.

Reference:

- Curley, R. (2009). John Wesley Hyatt. Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wesley-Hyatt

Photo retrieved from:
https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_2947

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John Wesley Hyatt

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/4898/john-wesley-hyatt

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MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGE DISCOVREIES AND INVENTIONS

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MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGE DISCOVREIES AND INVENTIONS

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The Printing Press
- Invented by Johann Gutenberg around 1440, the printing press is equipment built with metal alloy that could readily melt and cool a reusable type of oil-based ink which can be made sufficiently to stick into metal for easier transfer to vellum or paper. Pairing with a new press, this invention was likely adapted from those used in producing wine, oil or paper for applying firm even pressure to printing surfaces.

References:

- Lehmann-Haupt, H. E. (2020). "Johannes Gutenberg." Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Gutenberg.

Photo retrieved from:
https://interestingengineering.com/18-inventions-of-the-middle-ages-that-changed-the-world

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Johann Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg

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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Gutenberg#/media/1/249878/187135

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MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGE DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS

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MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGE DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS

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Eyeglasses
- In around 1285, Salvino D’Armate, a native of Florence, Italy, wanted something easier, more comfortable that would improve the vision with less hassle like the “less comfortable” ones first invented by other inventors. So D’Armate invented the first wearable glasses with a convex lens that were used to correct hyperopia or farsightedness.

Reference:

- Woodard, A. (2020).
"When were eyeglasses invented and by whom?", All About Vision. Retrieved from:
https://www.allaboutvision.com/eyeglasses/faq/invention-of-specs/

Phot retrieved from:
https://prezi.com/m6fnj8lomld_/salvino-darmate/

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Salvino D'Armati

Photo retrieved from:
https://alchetron.com/Salvino-D%27Armati

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MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGE DISCOVERIES AND  INVENTIONS 

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MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGE DISCOVERIES AND  INVENTIONS 

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Compass
- The first magnetic compass was invented by China between the 2nd century BC and 1st century AD. People knew about the effects of magnet to iron six hundred years before it was used as a compass and nine hundred years later it was used in astronomy and for orientation. That is why it was its first use was not for navigation but for geomancy and fortune-telling by the Chinese.

Reference:

- Britannica, T. (2019) Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Compass." Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/compass-navigational-instrument.

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.whoinvent.com/who-invented-the-compass/

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China

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In China, there is plenty of archaeological evidence of ancient paper types dating back to the 2nd century BCE, most of which were made from hemp. It's thought that the discovery of this early version of paper happened by chance after hemp-based clothing was left in the water for too long and a residue formed, which could then be pressed into a useful new substance. The development of more refined paper has long been attributed to the year 105 CE. Cai Lun, the director of Luoyang's Imperial Workshops, is credited with inventing paper by soaking and pressing plant fibers, which were then dried in sheets on wooden frames or screens. For generations, clumsy bamboo or wooden strips, as well as costly silk, had been employed as writing surfaces however, after extensive searching, paper scrolls were discovered to be a lighter and less expensive option.

Different fibers were experimented with to make paper over time, and by the end of the Han period, the quality had greatly improved (206-220 CE). Fibers from a variety of plants, grass stems, vegetable debris, hemp, tree bark, and even rags were utilized and combined in a never-ending quest for the cheapest mix of resources that produced the finest quality of paper.

Reference:
Cartwright, M. (2017, September 15). Paper in Ancient China. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1120/paper-in-ancient-china/
Photo retrieved from:
https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7286/yuan-dynasty-bank-note--plate

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Illustration

by PHGCOM
published on 14 September 2017

Send to Google Classroom:

A 13th century CE wooden printing plate and paper bank note from the Chinese Yuan dynasty (1271-1368 CE). (Tokyo Currency Museum)

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PHGCOM, . (2017, September 14). Yuan Dynasty Bank Note & Plate. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7286/yuan-dynasty-bank-note--plate/

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PHGCOM, . " Yuan Dynasty Bank Note & Plate." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified September 14, 2017. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7286/yuan-dynasty-bank-note--plate/.

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by PHGCOM published on 14 September 2017 Send to Google Classroom: Based on Wikipedia content that has been reviewed, edited, and republished. Original image by PHGCOM. Uploaded by Mark Cartwright, published on 14 September 2017 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike.

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Cai Lun
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https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cai-Lun

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Table of Contents

This article was most recently revised and updated by

Cai Lun, Wade-Giles romanization Ts'ai Lun, courtesy name (zi) Jingzhong, (born 62? ce, Guiyang [now Leiyang, in present-day Hunan province], China-died 121, China), Chinese court official who is traditionally credited with the invention of paper.

Cai Lun was a eunuch who entered the service of the imperial palace in 75 ce and was made chief eunuch under the emperor Hedi (reigned 88-105/106) of the Dong (Eastern) Han dynasty in the year 89. About the year 105 Cai conceived the idea of forming sheets of paper from the macerated bark of trees, hemp waste, old rags, and fishnets. The paper thus obtained was found to be superior in writing quality to cloth made of pure silk (the principal writing surface of the time), as well as being much less expensive to produce and having more abundant sources.

Cai reported his discovery to the emperor, who commended him for it. Important improvements were subsequently made to Cai's papermaking process by his apprentice, Zuo Bo, and the process was rapidly adopted throughout China, from which it eventually spread to the rest of the world. Cai himself was named a marquess in 114.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Amy Tikkanen.

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Cai Lun, Wade-Giles romanization Ts'ai Lun, courtesy name (zi) Jingzhong, (born 62? ce, Guiyang [now Leiyang, in present-day Hunan province], China-died 121, China), Chinese court official who is traditionally credited with the invention of paper.

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Cleisthenes instituted a set of political changes known as demokratia, or "rule of the people" (from the Greek demos, "people," and kratos, "power"). It was the world's first documented democracy. The ekklesia, a sovereign governing body that drafted laws and dictated foreign policy, the boule, a council of delegates from the ten Athenian tribes, and the dikasteria, popular tribunals in which citizens disputed matters before a number of lottery-selected jurors, were all part of this system.

Reference:
History.com Editors (2021)  Ancient Greek Democracy
Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/ancient-greece-democracy
Photo Retrieved from:
https://www.history.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_300/MTY3Mjg1MzI4MTQxMzYyMzc1/ancient-greece-democracy-167068529.webp

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Cleisthenes of Athens
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WEI BOYANG
Wei Boyang was a notable Chinese writer and alchemist of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is the author of The Kinship of the Three, and is noted as the first person to have documented the chemical composition of gunpowder in 142 AD. Wei Boyang is considered a semi-legendary figure who represented a "collective unity." The Cantong Qi was probably written in stages from the Han dynasty onward until it approached its current form before 450 AD.

Reference:
Peng, Yoke Ho. [2000] (2000). Li, Qi and Shu: An Introduction to Science and Civilization in China. Courier Dover Publications. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_Boyang

Photo retrieved from: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911053

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Silk Road
Silk Road, also called Silk Route, ancient trade route, linking China with the West, that carried goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China. Silk went westward, and wools, gold, and silver went east. China also received Nestorian Christianity and Buddhism (from India) via the Silk Road. The Silk Road was an ancient trading route used by merchants, traders, and city dwellers linking Asia to the Mediterranean. The history of the Silk Road can be traced back to the Han dynasty. The name “Silk Road” came into existence due to the lucrative silk industry that exported silk all over the world. The Silk Road was 6,400 miles long and considered an important development, enabling the silk industry to flourish.

Reference:
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, September 29). Silk Road. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Silk-Road-trade-route

Photo Retrieved from:
https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/silk-road-chinese-invention.jpg

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Ferdinand Richthofen
Baron Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen (5 May 1833 – 6 October 1905), better known in English as Baron von Richthofen, was a German traveller, geographer, and scientist. He is noted for coining the terms "Seidenstraße" and "Seidenstraßen" = "Silk Road(s)" or "Silk Route(s)" in 1877. He also standardized the practices of chorography and chorology. He was an uncle of the World War I flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, best known as the "Red Baron".

Reference:
Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Richthofen, Ferdinand, Baron von" . Encyclopedia Americana. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Richthofen

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SEISMOGRAPH

In 132 AD, Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) of the Han dynasty invented the first seismograph called “Houfeng Didong” to measure the movements of the earth and seasonal winds. The seismograph was an urn-like instrument made of copper with a central pendulum. The eight dragons on the surface, each one holding the copper in its mouth, point out the eight different directions: east, south, west, north, southeast, northeast, southwest, and northwest. When there was an earthquake, the dragon’s mouth that was closest to the earthquake’s source opened and the ball dropped into the mouth of the frog, producing a sound. This let people know the direction of the earthquake.

Reference:
Adhikari, S. (2019). Ancient Chinese Inventions and Discoveries. Retrieved from: https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/china-history/top-18-ancient-chinese-inventions/#5_The_Seismograph

Photo retreived from:
https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/seismograph-chinese-inventions.jpg

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Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng, Wade-Giles romanization Chang Heng, (born 78 CE—died 139), Chinese mathematician, astronomer, and geographer. His seismoscope for registering earthquakes was apparently cylindrical in shape, with eight dragons’ heads arranged around its upper circumference, each with a ball in its mouth.

Reference:
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, January 1). Zhang Heng. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zhang-Heng

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zhang_Heng.jpg

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The water wheel is an ancient device that uses paddles fixed around a wheel to generate power from flowing or falling water. The paddles are moved by the force of the water, and the wheel's rotation is conveyed to machinery via the shaft of the wheel.

Around 4000 BCE, the earliest mention of a water wheel was made. During Roman times, Vitruvius, an engineer who died in 14 CE, is credited with inventing and using a vertical water wheel. The wheels were used to irrigate crops, mill grains, and provide villages with drinking water. They also powered sawmills, pumps, forge bellows, tilt-hammers, and trip hammers, as well as textile mills in later years. The water wheel was most likely the earliest mechanical energy source devised to replace human and animal labor.
References:
Bellis, Mary.(2019) "The History of the Water Wheel." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-waterwheel-4077881

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Vitruvius
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https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/images/vitruvius-3.jpg

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BAMBOO INCUBATOR
-invented by Fe del Mundo.
premature babies has not developed its body fat percentile they were not able to maintain their body temperature. the modern Incubator which is typically seen on the hospitals is the machine or technology used for this situation. but not all the people where able to use or afford accessing. this is the wide problem in the rural areas around the world. since Fe del Mundo came from the Philippines, she knew and observed this problem.
Fe del Mundo formulate a solution for this problem by inventing Bamboo Incubator which is affordable and easy to produce simce the rural area has a dominant amount of bamboo trees. it is also ideal for the areas or rural areas that has no electric power supply.

reference :
https://www.plethorist.com/top-10-filipino-inventions/
photo retrieved from:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=bamboo+incubator&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiPzdLEwIfxAhVE95QKHXCbDvkQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=bamboo+in&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgBMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECAAQQzoFCAAQsQM6BwgAELEDEENQlLoCWITWAmCt4wJoAHAAeACAAegBiAH4C5IBBTAuOC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=7Bq_YI-nJMTu0wTwtrrIDw&bih=650&biw=1366&hl=en#imgrc=1jR1ere6BzYSwM

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Fe del Mundo
- The first Asian who is able to enter Harvard University College of Medicine. she is credited for her studies and the invention of Bamboo Incubator and jaundice relieving device.

Reference:
https://www.hws.edu/about/blackwell/del_mundo.aspx

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=fe+del+mundo&hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiO_KaBv4fxAhWOFogKHX65DVYQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=650#imgrc=3CrPX_WmUYm2WM

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KARAOKE SING ALONG SYSTEM
-Invented by Roberto del Rosario in 1975 and 1977 . He labelled his sing-along system as a convenient, multi-purpose, compact machine that includes an amplifier speaker, one or two tape mechanisms, an optional tuner or radio, and a microphone mixer with features to improve one's voice, such as the echo or reverb to simulate an opera hall or a studio sound. The whole system was bounded in one cabinet casing.
The reason why we knew the Invention of Del Rosario is because he sued the Japanese companies for  obvious infringement in the 1990s. In the Court, the Philippine supreme court is in favor of Del Rosario. He gained the legal recognition and some of the money, but in the end, the Japanese manufacturers gained most of the benefits by later innovations.

References:
https://www.plethorist.com/top-10-filipino-inventions/

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ROBERTO DEL ROSARIO
-was the president of the Trebel Music Corporation and the Patent holder of the Karaoke machine – Karaoke Sing-along system in 1975.

Reference:
https://www.thoughtco.com/roberto-del-rosario-inventor-1991725

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=roberto+del+rosario&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiovJu6v4fxAhXWEKYKHYkxBmUQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=robert&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgcIABCxAxBDMgcIABCxAxBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgcIABCxAxBDOggIABCxAxCDAToFCAAQsQM6AggAUOKwBlj3uAZg4McGaABwAHgAgAGWAogBtAmSAQUwLjMuM5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=yhm_YKivEdahmAWJ45ioBg&bih=650&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=Rjx-gnCIPid3EM

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QUINK INK
- Invented by Francisco Quisombing. The quink ink is an innovative ink that is developed and used in Parker's pen ( a company that manufactures pen around the world). Aside from being quick-drying, it was also water-resistant, did not clog the pen opening, does not blot, and will not fade. It is considered one of the best selling ink for fountain pens of the millennium.

Reference :
https://www.plethorist.com/top-10-filipino-inventions/

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=francisco+quisumbing+quink+ink&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL64fhwYfxAhWKZd4KHUYJBpIQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=650#imgrc=EbG1aG2u_2M3FM

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FARNCISCO QUISOMBING
- He is a Filipino bootanist that invented Quink ink and introduced in public on 1931. Quink stands for Quisumbing Ink was sold in the United States since 1931. Quink Ink has the desired quality of ink flow, it resisted water and molding, it was not corrosive and it's quick drying.

Reference:
https://www.plethorist.com/top-10-filipino-inventions/

Photo retrieved from:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=francisco+quisumbing+quink+ink&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL64fhwYfxAhWKZd4KHUYJBpIQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=650#imgrc=8NuWX62ehxFNCM