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The Drunkard's Progress. From The first glass to the grave, 1846

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The Drunkard's Progress. From The first glass to the grave, 1846

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The good boy, whose parents are poor, rises very early in the morning, and all day long does as much as he can to help his father and mother.

When he goes to school he walks quickly, and does not lose time on the road. "My parents," he says, "are very good to save some of their money in order that I may learn to read and write; but they can not give much, nor can they spare me long; therefore I must learn as fast as I can; if anybody has any time to lose, I am sure I have not." . . .

When he has finished his lessons, he does not stay to play, but runs home; he wants to see his father and mother and to help them. . . .

Sometimes he goes with his father to work; then he is very glad and though he is but a little fellow, he works very hard, almost like a man. . . .

When he comes home to dinner, he says, "How hungry I am! And how good this bread is, and this bacon! Indeed, I think every thing we have is very good. I am glad I can work; I hope that I shall soon be able to earn all my clothes, and my food too."

When he sees little boys and girls riding on pretty horses, or in coaches, or walking with ladies and gentlemen, and having on very fine clothes, he does not envy them, nor wish to be like them.

He says, "I have often been told, and I have read, that it is God who makes some poor, and others rich...

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Samuel F.B. Morse, Dangers to the Free Institutions, 1835

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Samuel F.B. Morse, Dangers to the Free Institutions, 1835

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In our national infancy we needed the strength of numbers. . . . Now emigration is changed; naturalization has become the door of entrance not alone to the ever welcome lovers of liberty, but also for the priest-ridden troops of the Holy Alliance. . . . Now emigrants are selected . . . not for their affinity to liberty, but for their mental servitude, and their docility in obeying the orders of their priests. . .

It may be, Americans, that you still doubt the existence of a conspiracy. . . . Do you wish to test its existence and its power? . . . Test it by attempting a change in the Naturalization Law. Take the ground that such a change must be made, that no foreigner who comes into the country after the law is passed shall ever be allowed the right of suffrage.

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We might feel a pride in the reflection, that our young country . . . was the first to adopt the penitentiary system of prison discipline, and the first to attempt to prevent the commission of crimes, by seeking out the youthful and unprotected, who were in the way of temptation, and by religious and moral instruction, by imparting to them useful knowledge, and by giving them industrious and orderly habits, rescuing them from vice and rendering them valuable members of society.

To confine these youthful criminals . . . where no, or scarcely any, distinction can be made between the young and old, or between the more and less vicious, where little can be learned but the ways of the wicked, and from whence they must be sent to encounter new wants, new temptations, and to commit new crimes, is to pursue a course, as little reconcilable with justice as humanity; yet, till the House of Refuge was established there was no alternative.

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slavery

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2nd great awakening

When the churches are thus awakened and reformed, the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow, going through the same stages of conviction, repentance, and reformation. Their hearts will be broken down and changed. Very often the most abandoned profligates are among the subjects. Harlots, and drunkards, and infidels, and all sorts of abandoned characters, are awakened and converted.

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growing industry in the north

immigrants

canals

RR

urbanization - big cities

tied to west w/ RRs

1850s RAILROADS

ag. w/ food cultivation in the Bread Basket West

south

dependent on cotton

rural areas

slavery

no RR run north and south practically

no immigrants

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the south reacts to abolitionism -- positive good

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the south reacts to abolitionism -- positive good

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manumission illegal
no free blacks at all
no educating slaves
tougher slave codes
hardened slave system

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5th amendment - slaves were property and cant take property away
3/5th comp.
Dred Scott Decision, 1857 --> masters could take slaves anywhere and they would still be slaves (Justice Taney)
10th amendment - states rights

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slavery existed in the bible
"Servants obey your master"

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Prosser's in 1800 - no actual revolt
Vessy in 1822 - same as prosser's
Turner in 1831 - sucess

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daily resistence
refusing to work
breaking equipment
faking illness/injury
running away

underground RR

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darker skin got the worse treatment (v. lighter skin like mulatto)
mostly cotton, sometimes tobacco or rice
sun up to sun down
complete submission to masters
families not respected - separated all the time

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southerners said that wage slaves had it worse b/c in the cities they were starving adn at the mercy of their employers

LIES

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before the 1830s, slavery had loose manumission laws --> easy to free slaves

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before the 1830s, slavery had loose manumission laws --> easy to free slaves

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after 1830

necessary evil to positive good

John C Calhoun

saw it as good for slave and master

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KNOW THAT not all southerners had slaves, it was mostly large plantation owners that got the hate

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KNOW THAT not all southerners had slaves, it was mostly large plantation owners that got the hate

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deep south

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form the cotton gin invented (damn you eli whitney)
Cotton Belt = Black Belt = NC to TX

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Henry Clay
missouri - slave state
maine - free state
36/30 line - above = free, below = slave

Jefferson's comment on MO comp. was that this was only a temporary fix (fire bell in the night speech)

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history of america's expansion which led to spread of slavery

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history of america's expansion which led to spread of slavery

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LA Purchase
Pinkney's Treaty w/ Spain --> miss. river
War of 1812 and indian Removal
Adams-onis treaty

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3/5 comp
international slave trade abolished in 1808
fugitive slave law

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Slavery not in the north by state's choice, not in northwest ordinance - illegal

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Slavery not in the north by state's choice, not in northwest ordinance - illegal

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not in north from very beginning b/c not a good climate for plantations
north had industry, didnt need cotton
Quakers in the north were abolitionists... southerners saw slavery as okay

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anti slavery political party
Birney
unsuccessful but leads to other parties --> fre soil --> republican

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increase in abolitionism in 1830s = increase in southern defense of slavert

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increase in abolitionism in 1830s = increase in southern defense of slavert

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necessary evil to positive good

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actual succesful slafe rebellion
killed his masters
was found and hanged later, seen as martyr

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gag rule, 1836 --> cannot speak about slavery in congres.... THATS AN ISSUE

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gag rule, 1836 --> cannot speak about slavery in congres.... THATS AN ISSUE

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abolition began with the Quakers
northern sates
began w/ ideas like AMerican Colonization Society - go back to african colonies
William Lloyd Garrison and the Liberator abolitionist newspaper, 1831
New England --> American Anti Slavery Society
David Walker - Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (fight back!)
Fredrick Douglass - The North Star, his narrative
Harriet Tubman - Underground RR
Sojourner Truth - narrative, Aint I a Woman

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immediate end to slavery
give full rights to freedmen -- equal rights to whites
no compensation for former owners

end this inhumane treatment

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Declaration of Sentiments
wanting to be equal to men
wanting the right to preach, be educated, teach, earn a living
abolitionist movement as well, just a tid bit

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trying to break separate spheres/cult of domesticity/true womanhood
Grimke Sisters - abolitionism
Susan B. Anthony
Lucretia Mott
Elzabeth Cady Stanton

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compulsory edu
education is great equalizer, makes rich and poor /black and white equal
Horace Mann
Common School Movement
Howe created schools for the blind, Braille was invented
Galludet helped educated the deaf

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w/ maine law
w/ women advocating and seeking some power in the reforms
washingtonians

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mostly women --> they were affected and home life sucked because of the men being drunkards and taking the $ form wives and children to spend at the bar
Women's Christian Temperence Union - WCTU
Maine Law = no alcohol in maine
Take the Pledge Movement = families pledged to be sober

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rehabilitate the criminals instead of just locking them up
Auburn System - chain gang doing good works, classes available, religion
Philadelpha system - solitary confinement

Auburn system actually worked

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dorothea dix
helped the mentally insane by removing them from places treated as criminals in jails into HOSPITALS
"Insanity is a disease, not a crime"

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nonreligious
Robert Owen
share all resources
children raised communally
self sufficiency
atheism

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nonreligious
George Ripley
communistic almost (based off of Charles Fourier's ideas), transcendentalism
share the work equally, paid equally

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John Humphrey Noyes
complex marriage FREE LOVE
religious utopian society

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achieve a spiritual state that transcends the physical world
inner knowledge important
worked on social injustice issues - abolitionists
Ralph Waldo Emerson = leader, PIC
Henry David Thoreau (civil disobedience)
Walt Whitman (first american writer, romantic poet - Leaves of Grass)

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Quaker Ann Lee
individual perfection
celibacy
gender segregated

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Joseph Smith and Brigham Young
escaping persecution
ended up in IL then UT

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associations form --> new idea of clubs/hobbies
women
utopian/perfectionist societies
reforms like temperance, asylums, women's rights, abolitionism, edu

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Charles Grandison Finney gave evangelical sermons in NY

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Charles Grandison Finney gave evangelical sermons in NY

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he kinda began the 2nd great awakening
Burnt Over Region

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rejected calvinism
emphasized salvation through good works
revival among protestants (methodists in the south, congregationalists in the north)
reform society
church membership ^

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old religion = calvinism w/ predestination and infant damnation

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old religion = calvinism w/ predestination and infant damnation

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separate spheres w/ women in the cult of domesticity
women in charge of taking care of the home and raising/teaching the children
women have fewer children
men in charge of working (breadwinner) and politics

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he actually decides to veto the whig legislation
kicked out of his own party WHILE HE IS PREZ lol

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first election with techniques of mass appeal - like circus hoopla
van buren (d) v. harrison (whig)
harrison wins  - tippecanoe and tyler too

for the common man

military hero (battle of tippecanoe)

American System

people against van buren b/c of panic of 1837

except he dies soon after HA

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van buren won election of 1836 bc he said he would continue Jackson's policies and people loved Jackson... until the panic of 1837 and then everyone hated van buren

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van buren won election of 1836 bc he said he would continue Jackson's policies and people loved Jackson... until the panic of 1837 and then everyone hated van buren

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van buren (d)
Harrison (west whig)
White ( south whig)
Webster (NE whig)
Mangum (SC whig)

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later whigs split b/c of issue on slavery

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later whigs split b/c of issue on slavery

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cotton whigs
antislavery whigs

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election of 1836 - Harrison, White, Webster
1840 - Harrison, Tyler
1844 - Clay

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anyone who hated Jackson
National Repubs - Clay, Webster
similar to Federalists
American System

strong nat'l bank

high tariff

federally funded infrastructure

state rights southerners - Calhoun
advocated for weak fed govt
concerned w/ slavery

IN CONCLUSION - the whigs had a very varying stance on political issues except that they hated andrew jackson

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Dems v. Whigs
Election of 1836

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Clay (of course)
said the tariff would be reduce and acceptable
SC still nullified the force bill though

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prepares a fed. army w/ force bill
SC GETS SCARED AND DOESNT FIGHT BACK

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Order of Nullification passed by SC
tariff considered null and void in SC
prepares an army

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was suppose to fix tariff of 1828
BUT it just made south carolina mroe angry

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Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun officially break up because of issue between federal and states power

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Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun officially break up because of issue between federal and states power

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South Carolina Dinner

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Hayne (southerner) - saw union was a compact amoung the STATES
Webster (northerner) - saw union was a compact among the PEOPLE

sectionalism, fighting over who was right and who had the best ideals
south and west alliance
Webster saw SC as advocating for disunion... hint hint HE IS RIGHT

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SC used theory of interposition to stop tariff of 1828, similar to Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

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SC used theory of interposition to stop tariff of 1828, similar to Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

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Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition and Protest, from the south, 1828
claimed tariff was illegal

only helped one side of country

south at the mercy of the north

if fed. govt abused its pwoer, the state must intervene

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highest tariff ever
southerners HATED IT

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after 1816, most tariffs only protect NORTHERN manufacturing
hurts the south - south opposed tariffs
leads to nullification crisis

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spread of cotton and slavery into new acquired areas
from indian removal
balance of slave and free states
rise in abolition = rise in southern defense of slavery

states rights type thing

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1. slavery
2. tariffs

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cherokees forced out
pushed into indian territory --> Oklahoma
4,000 died along the way (cold, starvation)

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Marshall Court ruled that the state georgia had no right to control the cherokee since they are a separate nation
the cherokees won this case and shouldn't have to be removed
JACKSON IGNORES THE COURT RULING AND FORCES THE CHEROKEES OUT ANYWAY

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US govt gave tribes land in the west in exchange for whites to take their land in the east
pushed west of mississippi river
voluntary???? NOPE --> mandatory

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SIDE NOTE - cherokees in western georgie were very "civilized" to white standards already

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SIDE NOTE - cherokees in western georgie were very "civilized" to white standards already

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jackson hated the cherokees, he saw them as in his way

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Jackson hated native americans --> histroy f fighting agsint them in creek and seminole wars

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Jackson hated native americans --> histroy f fighting agsint them in creek and seminole wars

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known for fightnig as general in seminole wars
success from war of 1812 led to indian removal

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blamed on Van Buren who became prez in 1836/37 even though it was jackson's fault

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Webster sees Jackson as a monarch (king andrew)

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Webster sees Jackson as a monarch (king andrew)

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Jackson and his pet banks cause Panic of 1837

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Jackson and his pet banks cause Panic of 1837

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inflation
jackson's idea: specie Circular = buy land w/ hard money only (gold/silver)

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biddle purposely caused financial crisis to show need for BUS
Jackson kills BUS entirely

withdraws funds from bank

divied up the $ into his state pet banks

Jackson w/ soft money v. biddle w/ hard money

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Jackson had to decide between allowing the BUS recharter and alienating the poor/farmers/commoners or vetoing it which would alienate the rich

HE CHOSE TO VETO THE SECOND  BANK OF UNITED STATES
still wins election of 1832 --> hero of the common man

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extended too much credit
led to panic of 1819
president of bank, Biddle, was a wealthy prick
only benefitted the rich
monopoly not under control of govt

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National Bank - Bank of US
recharter of bank becomes issue of Election of 1832 (Clay pushed the recharter early to make Jackson deal w/ it during election)

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should fed govt fund infrastructure?
was aroad prokect
VETOED BC Jackson's rival Clay wrote it --> personal reasons

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w/ the spoils system, Jackson filled his govt officials position w/ those he wanted and his friends and practically created his own cabinet

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w/ the spoils system, Jackson filled his govt officials position w/ those he wanted and his friends and practically created his own cabinet

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called the Kitchen Cabinet because they always met in secret in the kitchen per say
jackson then never really wanted advice from his actual cabinet  --> he hated experts

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patronage
rewarded those who supported him by giving them govt official jobs and money
increased democracy though!
principle of rotation: spoils system would rotate out the ones who have been there too long and who were corrupt.....k

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jackson used veto 12x
unconstitutional, personal vandetta, or just didnt like the idea
used veto more than any previous prez combined
wanted powerful executive branch

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southern elites
back-country/frontiersmen
state politicians bc spoils system
immigrants in cities

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anti elite
protector of common man
VETO IS OKAY
spoils system
no national bank
loyalty and respect to the union was

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jeffersonian democracy (dem repub) v. jacksonian democracy

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jeffersonian democracy (dem repub) v. jacksonian democracy

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similarities: common man, independent farmer, ideal of anyone can vote and be involved in politics and both prez was a champ for the common man
differences:
Jefferson - weak govt, separation of powers, power of govt in the hands of farmers
jackson - strong govt, strong executive, power of govt to everyone rich and poor

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anyone who opposed jackson
mix of previous parties
o agreed on hating jackson, nothing

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jackson is just democrat, not dem-repub!!!

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jackson is just democrat, not dem-repub!!!

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actual democrats now

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invited anyone to his inaugeration at the white house
"All creation going to the white house"

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other nickname = old hickory

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from tennessee
country bumpkin
didnt really have edu (no college edu for sure)
known for his heroism in battle of new orleans from War of 1812
known for being general during seminole wars
pro slavery, anti native americans

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huge increase in % voters
jackson (d) v JQA (r)

made damn sure that jackson would win because of Corrupt Bargain 1824

Jackson is victorious
practically only new england doesnt vote for

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parties choose prez candidate
voters elect presidential electors (electoral college)
political campaigns expand and include everyone

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expansiom of democracy; voting restrictions diminished --> more voters

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expansiom of democracy; voting restrictions diminished --> more voters

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1830
voting rightd extended to all white males
the Common Man can