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Within Act 4 and 5, revenge is a very relevant theme, but turns around and leads to the overall theme of forgiveness. This is apparent in the end scene of Hamlet, in which Laertes tells Hamlet in his last moments that he is sorry for helping to kill Hamlet, and Hamlet accepts the apology, saying:
LAERTES. It is only justice. It is poison he concocted himself. Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Mine and my father's death come not upon thee, Nor thine on me.
HAMLET. Heaven make thee free of it. I follow thee (Ham.5.2.340-345).
These few lines show a powerful connection between Laertes and Hamlet in which they genuinely forgive each other before their final moments of life.

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Hamlet, from the very beginning, is a very melancholy and hesitant character, due to his extreme sadness and overthinking. After the death of his father, he becomes so depressed that he contemplates suicide, saying, "Why, what should be the fear? I do not set my life at a pin's fee" (Hamlet.1.4.71). By this, Hamlet means that he is not afraid to go and do dangerous things, since he does not see life as valuable due to his depression.

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Sexual obsession/lust related to the desire for Revenge

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Sexual obsession/lust related to the desire for Revenge

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After the marriage of Claudius and Gertrude, Hamlet becomes very mad and seems to be very frustrated with her lustful actions. Hamlet shows that he condemns his mother's actions by saying: "Oh Hamlet, speak no more/ Thou turn'st my eyes into my very soul/ And there I see such black and grained spots" (Ham.3.4.97).
From these lines, it is obvious that Hamlet is very hurt by his mother's actions, and attempts to make her look at all of her wrongdoings inside herself. This marriage has pushed Hamlet's hatred for Claudius to a new level may be aiding in his plot to kill him.

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In Hamlet's plot to expose Claudius, he needs time to collect information, so he pretends to be insane. Hamlet explains this by telling Horatio and the other men, "As I perchance hereafter shall think meet / To put an antic disposition on - / That you, at such time, seeing me, never shall" (1.5.190-194). Hamlet is explaining that he is going to put on an "antic disposition" meaning he is going to put on an act to seem as if he is insane, and makes the men swear they will not say anything about it.

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Being a tragedy, there are many instances of death in Hamlet, but the true cause of Hamlet's demise began at the very beginning. When King Hamlet was killed, Claudius became King and was trying to gain the favor of Hamlet, who keep rejecting him, Claudius saying:
KING. Take thy fair hour, Laertes, time be thine,
And thy best graces spend it at thy will.
But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son -
HAMLET. A little more kin, and less than kind.
KING. How is it that the clouds still hang on you?
HAMLET. Not so, my lord, I am too much i'th'sun (Ham.1.2.65).
Hamlet, being the son of King Hamlet, should have been the heir, but was Claudius instead, and may have subconsciously wanted to get rid of Hamlet so he does not take over the throne. It is evident throughout the story that Claudius loves being the King, and would not give it up, even if it costs him his ticket to heaven, saying, "Oh, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven / It hath the primal eldest curst upon't / A brother's murder!" (Ham.3.3.40). Claudius, later in the prayer, goes on to say, "Forgive me my foul murder?/ That cannot be, since I am still possessed / Of those effects for which I did the murder / My crown. mine own ambition, and my queen" (Ham.3.3.55-58). From this quote, it is apparent that Claudius does not want to give up the crown, even to be forgiven by the Lord in Heaven, showing that he will do anything to keep his position as King. This brings forth the question as to: why would he spare Hamlet when he could potentially be preventing him from keeping his crown?

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Throughout the story, it is evident that Hamlet has significantly developed as a character. One way that you can tell he has developed is his ability to take action instead of stalling and has become brave enough to take action instead of overthinking and being hesitant. This is obvious in Act Five, Scene Two, in which Hamlet tells Horatio, "I am constant to my purposes, they follow the King's pleasure. / If his fitness speaks, mine is ready / Now or whensoever, provided I be so able as now" (5.2.195). In this text, Hamlet explains that he is ready to take action in his plan, and even if he does die, he will die in a noble way, fighting for his goals. Hamlet also shows that he is mature by giving the kingdom to Fortinbras, saying, "But I do prophesy th' election lights/ On Fortinbras / He has my dying voice" (Ham.5.2.370). In this, he is saying that Fortinbras should be the King of Denmark, due to his ability to command and be a confident leader, even after the death of his father. Hamlet explained in the previous text that he did not agree with war and thought it was silly, but Fortinbras has always been passionate and achieved his goals, which Hamlet appreciated and respected.

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After witnessing all of the deaths, Horatio seeks to kill himself, since he best friend Hamlet was dying as well. Hamlet and Horatio, being best friends from the start, have always had a very trusting and loyal relationship towards one another. In his final moments, Hamlet tells Horatio that he needs to live, and tell everyone of the tragic story of King Hamlet, the poison, the deaths, and everything in between, so the people will know of Hamlet's true intentions.

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In the final scene, Hamlet, within his last breaths, tells Horatio to tell the final story, saying, "O God' Horatio, what a wounded name, / Things standing thus unknown, shall I leave behind me. /And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain / To tell my story" (5.2.360).

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Horatio, Hamlet's best friend, was told by Hamlet on his deathbed to retell the tragic story and prove he had true intentions.

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In this passage, Laertes, in fury, threatens to cut Hamlet's throat in church, but Claudius assures him that another option would be more beneficial. Claudius claims that he should arrange for the two men to have a fencing match, in which Laertes' will use his sword that has a poisoned tip, and Claudius will fill Hamlet's drinking cup with poison. In the beginning, it was known that Hamlet and Laertes were always on good terms, but things began to get shakey when Ophelia and Hamlet's relationship began to heat up. After hearing the news that Hamlet had killed Laertes' father, however, Laertes was filled with anger and did not hesitate to plot to kill Hamlet, although they have no had problems in the past.

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After hearing the news of his father's death, Laertes comes back to Denmark in search of the killer. He talks to Claudius, in which he explains that the killer was not in fact him. He plots a plan to kill Hamlet, saying:
LAERTES. To cut his throat i'th' church.
KING. No place indeed should murder sanctuarize;
Revenge should have no bounds. But good Laertes,
Will you do this, keep close within your chamber;
Hamlet, returned, shall known you are come home;
We'll put on those shall praise your excellence,
And set a double varnish on the fame
The Frenchman gave you; bring you, in fine, together,
And wager o'er your heads.
He, being remiss,
Most generous, and free from all contriving,
Will not peruse the foils, so that with ease -
Or with a little shuffling - you may choose
A sword unbated, and in pass of practice
Requite him for your father" (Ham.4.7.140-150).

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Laertes, an acquaintance of Hamlet's, plots revenge on him when he finds out that he was the cause of his father, Polonius, and sister, Ophelia's, deaths.

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Previous to this conversation, the King wrote a letter to the King of England, sentencing Hamlet to death. Hamlet, sneakily, replaced that letter with one that says that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern will be sentenced to death. Horatio questions Hamlet and asks if death would be an appropriate punishment for him, in which Hamlet argues that it is what they deserved. Hamlet explains to Horatio that they should not have tried so hard to please the king/be used to spy on Hamlet, therefore, they led to their own downfall. This relationship has not changed since the beginning, since Hamlet has always been suspicious about them and thought they were ignorant for obeying the King.

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Hamlet tells Horatio that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern will be sentenced to death in place of him, saying:
HORATIO. So Guildenstern and Rosencrantz go to't.
HAMLET. Why, man, they did make love to this employment. They are not near my conscience, their defeat
Does by their own insinuation grow.
'Tis dangerous when the baser nature comes
Between the pass and fell incensed points
Of mighty opposites" (5.2.65).

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Were used by the King to spy on Hamlet; Hamlet rewrites letter to King of England to have Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed instead of him

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The play-within-a-play content connects to the plot of Hamlet by showcasing the lust Gertrude has for the King and her inner thoughts. In The Murder of Gonzago, the plot talks of the poisoner wooing the Queen with gifts, the text saying, "The Poisoner woos the Queen with gifts. She seems harsh awhile, but in the end accepts his love" (Ham.3.2.130). This is directly referring to Claudius as the poisoner winning over Gertrude after the death of his brother. In the beginning of the play, the Player Queen tells her husband, "Each opposite, that blanks the face of joy / Meet what I would have well and destroy it / Both here and hence pursue me lasting strife / If, once a widow, ever I be a wife" (Ham.3.2.210). This line is directly related to Gertrude, saying that she made the vow to her husband and proclaimed her love for him, only to leave him shortly after his death. Hamlet is trying to get the point across to her that she mad made a promise to her husband that was broken in an unjust way.

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Hamlet is proud of how the play is going, because the actors are doing exactly what they are supposed to, and Claudius left as soon as the scene came on. After the man in the play is poisned, Claudius gets up to leave, the watchers saying:
OPHELIA. The king rises.
HAMLET. What, frightened with false fire?
QUEEN. [to her husband] How fares my lord?
POLONIUS. Give o'er the play!
KING. Give me some light. Away.
POLONIUS. Lights, lights, lights (Ham.3.2.257-260).
This satisfied Hamlet, as he confirmed to himself that Claudius was in fact guilty, telling Horatio, "Oh good Horatio, I'll take the ghost's word for a thousand pound. Didst perceive?" (Ham.3.2.276). Hamlet turns to tell Horatio that the ghost was, in fact, right, because Claudius could not handle watching the scene similar to how he murdered his brother. This leaves Hamlet feeling proud/satisfied that his plan actually worked out.

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Impulsiveness/Unstableness  & Textual Evidence 

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Impulsiveness/Unstableness  & Textual Evidence 

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Hamlet shows many signs of impulsiveness in this chapter, in which he kills Polonius without a clue as to who was behind the curtain. Hamlet kills Polonius in the spur of the moment, and although he believed that it was the King, he never genuinely took time to stop and think about his actions. After Gertrude called out for help, Hamlet quickly stabs the curtain, yelling, "How now / A rat! / Dead for a ducat, dead" (Ham.3.4.26). He proceeds to stab him, but does not seem to feel much remorse afterwards, as he continues on having a converstation with Gertrude. He claims that he feels bad  and sorrowful, but does not become emotional about him, saying:
HAMLET. "I'll blessing beg of you.  For this same lord I do repent; but Heaven hath pleased it so,
To punish me with this and this with me,
That I must be their scrounge and minister.
I will bestow him, and will answer well
The death I gave him. So, again, good night" (Ham.186-193). In this passage, Hamlet claims that this death is the punishment that Heaven gave to him, and that he will go and bury the body. He ends the conversation by telling her good night, which is strange, considering he just killed someone. This leads me to believe that Hamlet was very unstable with his emotions and did not care much about Polonius' death, as it seemed as if he was not taking it as seriously as it should have been.

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In Act 3, the theme of death is present in Hamlet, deciding if he wants to take his own life, then eventually, taking someone else's. During Hamlet's talk with Gertrude, she suddenly becomes fearful of her life, and cries out to the curtain to help. Hamlet, assuming that the King was behind the curtain, cries out, "How now / A rat! / Dead for a ducat, dead" (Ham.3.4.26). After stabbing the person behind the tapestry, Hamlet and Gertrude find out that it was not in fact the King, but Polonius. This is ironic, because Polonius had previously mentioned that he had played a part of Julius Caesar, who gets stabbed by people he believed to be his friends. Polonius may have even felt betrayed by Hamlet, since they had remained a neutral relationship throughout the story. The theme of betrayal, though, comes into play in the beginning of the act with Rosencrantz and Guilderstern. They were hired as spies by the King and Queen, and pretend to be friends with Hamlet so they can find out details and report them back. At the Kings apartments in the castle, he asks Rosencrantz and Guilderstern if Hamlet has given them any clue about his lunacy, in which the Rosencrantz replied, "He does confess he feels himself distracted, But from what cause he will by no means speak" (Ham.3.1.5). This relationship shows how Hamlet is being used by these men, and these men are being used by the King to betray Hamlet.

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Hamlet could best be described as a dweller due to the fact that he always takes time to sit and reflect on things. Two major things that Hamlet took into deep thought and consideration is his contemplation of life and death and Claudius asking for forgiveness. In the first situation, Hamlet contemplates taking his own life, saying:
HAMLET. "To be, or not to be, that is the question:
Whether 'tis noble in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of trouble
And by opposing end them. (Ham.3.1.61-65). By this, Hamlet is asking himself whether it is more worth it to suffer within his own distorted mental state or to take his own life. Without this contemplation, Hamlet may have taken action and killed himself without stopping  to think about things first. Another way in which Hamlet was a dweller was when he saw Claudius kneeling down to pray, which was a perfect opportunity to kill him. Instead of letting his impulsiveness take over him and killing him, Hamlet first stopped to think, stating:
HAMLET. Now might I do it pat, now he is a-praying. And now I'll do't. And so he goes to heaven;
And so am I revenged. That would be scanned:
A villain kills my father, and for that
I, his sole son, do this same villain send
To heaven. (Ham.3.3.76-83). Although Hamlet drew his sword in this moment, he stopped to think of the fact that since his uncle was praying, he would be forgiven of his actions and sent to Heaven. Hamlet does not want this outcome because he believes that Claudius is a villain, and villains should not be in Heaven, as they deserve Hell.

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It is apparent her that Claudius is the murderer of Hamlet's father, judging by how he claims the crime as very horrible, using the allusion to the story of Cain and Abel, in which Cain killed his brother Abel. With this knowledge, however, Claudius asks for forgiveness, but subconsciously knows he will not be forgiven, since he is not willing to give up his crown, wife, or any other luxuries that came form being the next King. Hamlet, seeing him in a moment of weakness, decides not to kill him, since he does not want him to be forgiven and go to Heaven. Hamlet wants the worst punishment for Claudius, since he has not liked him from the very beginning, and their relationship has consistently been awkward and negative throughout the story.

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King Claudius, after viewing the play, becomes familiar again with his own murder, and kneels down to pray, saying, "Oh, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven / It hath the primal eldest curst upon't / A brother's murder!" (Ham.3.3.40). Claudius, later in the prayer, goes on to say, "Forgive me my foul murder?/ That cannot be, since I am still possessed / Of those effects for which I did the murder / My crown. mine own ambition, and my queen" (Ham.3.3.55-58).

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Uncle of Hamlet who killed Hamlet's father and knows of his poor actions yet will not confess. Hamlet spares him because he does not want him to go to Heaven.

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In the lines above, Hamlet confronts Gertrude, exposing all of her sins committed during the past few months. This is, in a way, Hamlet releasing all of the pent up anger he has had for his mother since the beginning of the story, and is now confronting her, leaving Gertrude even more afraid for Hamlet's mental state. Gertrude, in fear and in guilt, claims that she cannot bear to her him explain her wrongdoings, and tells him that she cannot face her inner soul, which is "black and grained" (meaning negatively impacted from sin).

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While being confronted by Hamlet, Gertrude proclaims that she cannot bear to hear her wrongdoings, saying, "Oh Hamlet, speak no more/ Thou turn'st my eyes into my very soul/ And there I see such black and grained spots" (Ham.3.4.97).

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Mother of Hamlet who does not want to be killed by him and confesses that she is guilty of her actions.

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In this section, Hamlet rejects the gifts her gave to Ophelia, either to keep up his act of insanity, or to possibly be petty towards Ophelia. Hamlet then goes on to explain that chastity is the root of all beauty (in reference to his mother and her immoral acts) and tells her that she will be better off at the nunnery. He claims that men, even himself, fall short of purity, and that she would be better of by not giving birth to another man, or a "sinner." This relationship has further developed in a negative way since the beginning of the play, considering that their love has changed in different ways. Hamlet and Ophelia were in love, then when Ophelia was ordered to stop seeing Hamlet, Hamlet became petty, denying that he gave her any letters of affection. Hamlet then goes on to be rude towards her and mock her, but these actions are originated from his pain of being cut out of her life.

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After seeing Ophelia, Hamlet denies giving her any letters of affection, saying, "No, not I./I never gave you aught [remembrances]" (Ham.3.1.105). Hamlet then goes on to say that becoming a nun would be the best option for her, since virginity is beautiful, and men can be very sinful. Hamlet enforces this point by stating, "Go thee to a nunnery./ Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? / I am myself indifferent honest" (Ham.3.1.130).

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Hamlet's past-lover who he denies giving her letters; tells her all men are sinful and she should go to the Nunnery.

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Using prior knowledge, Hamlet devises a plan to incorporate a scene into the play similar to his father's death to see how his uncle reacts. If his uncle seems guilty, he will be able to prove that he did murder his father and take the next step in his plan to avenge Old Hamlet.

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In order to prove that Claudius killed his father, Hamlet devises a plan, saying, "guilty creatures sitting at a play, Have, by the very cunning of the scene/ proclaimed their malefaction's/ play something like the murder of my father before mine uncle / I'll observe his looks (Ham.2.2.580-585).

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This is a conscious motive derived from Hamlet's plan regarding the play and the extra lines that he will give to the actors. These extra lines will include a scene similar to the events of Old Hamlet's murder.

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Hamlet shows many signs of being cunning and clever in his ability to spew random words and keep up his act when confronted by people he knows.

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Hamlet is cleaver in his actions and quick to come up with lies to convince other of his insanity.

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In these letters, it is made clear that Hamlet is lustful and love-struck due to Ophelia, judging by the word choices he uses. Polonius explains that the word "beautified" is an ill-phrase, meaning that it is inappropriate and maybe meant sexually, as is "bosom." These words he uses to describe her show that he is intensely in love with her and has many lustful thoughts about her.

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Hamlet is in love with Ophelia and causes him to have intense lust for her, as written in the letter read by Polonius, stating:
POLONIUS. [He shows Hamlet's letter] Now draw your own conclusion. [He clears his throat importantly and reads] To the celestial - and my soul's - idol, the most beautified Ophelia -
That's an ill phrase, a vile phrase, 'beautified' is a vile phrase. But you shall hear thus: in her excellent bosom, these, etc. (Hamlet.2.2.115)

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Hamlet compares himself to a miserable rascal and complains that he mopes around about his problems with no motivation due fix them. This self evaluation shows how he is doubtful of himself and thinks poorly of his choices.

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Hamlet calls himself obscure names and blames himself for his lack of vengeance on Claudius.

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In this act, the theme of betrayal is very apparent and carries itself within every character, even Hamlet himself. With his mother and uncle using Hamlet's own friends as spies to Hamlet cursing himself for his own stupidity and lack of actions, everyone is seemingly working behind Hamlet's back. Hamlet cries out that he has not done enough for his own father, and feels betrayed by his own self, blaming his character for the choices he has made.

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The King and Queen used Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, good friends of Hamlet, to discover the root of his insanity by using their prior knowledge of their relationship against him, saying, "and sure I am, two men there is not living / to whom he more adheres / show us so much gentry and good will" (Hamlet.2.2.20). In this Act, Hamlet also feels back-stabbed and confused by his own character, expressing his hatred for his lack of actions, stating, " But I am pigeon-livered and lack gall / why what an ass am I! / That I, the son of a dear father murdered, prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell" (Ham.2.2.565-574).

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Hamlet is, not only betrayed by his own uncle, but everyone around him, including himself.

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Ophelia and Hamlet, having a previous affair, cause Hamlet to be love struck and act out of love.

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Throughout Act 2, Hamlet continuously shows doubt in his own actions, and expresses this concern and self-hatred by stating, "Yet I, A dull and muddy- mettled rascal / like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause / and can say nothing, no not for a king, / upon whose property most dear life (Ham.2.2.555).

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In order to follow through with his plan, Hamlet has to pretend to be crazy and act as if he does not know what is going on, telling Polonius:
POLONIUS.  Do you know me, my lord?
HAMLET. Excellent, well. You are a fishmonger. (Hamlet.2.2.180)

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Hamlet, in an attempt to prove King Claudius was the true murder of his father, devises a plan within the play. He knows that sometimes when a play is so similar to the crime a suspect has committed, the suspect will own up to his convictions. Using this knowledge, Hamlet will incorporate a scene that mimics that of his father's murder, and observe his uncle's face while watching to see if he looks guilty. This relationship has not positively evolved over the course of Act 1 and 2, but negatively, seeming that Hamlet has even more hatred for Claudius after hearing the truth about his father's death.

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Hamlet is determined to prove that King Claudius is the murderer of his father, and wants to see if he looks guilty while listening to play similar to his situation, Hamlet saying, "guilty creatures sitting at a play, Have, by the very cunning of the scene/ proclaimed their malefaction's/ play something like the murder of my father before mine uncle / I'll observe his looks (Ham.2.2.580-585).

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Ophelia tells her father about her strange encounter with Hamlet, clearly confused and left distraught with his actions. This provokes Polonius to alert the king and comes to the conclusion that love can case insanity. This relationship has developed from extreme love to an awkward, confusing connection between Ophelia and Hamlet.

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Ophelia has a strange encounter with Hamlet while she was in her bedroom, stating, "He took me by the wrist and held me hard / he falls to such perusal on my face / for out o' doors he went without their helps, and to the last bended their light on me" (Ham.1.2.100-105).

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Polonius shares his explanation for Hamlet's insanity by assuring the King and Queen that he has spiraled from the conflict between him and Ophelia. He attempts to prove this by devising a plan to place Hamlet and Ophelia in the same area and observe.

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The King/Queen instruct these two to get to the bottom of his behavior since there is no one that Hamlet admires more than them. They believe that by Hamlet will tell his friends more information rather than his family.

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Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, old friends of Hamlet, were asked by the Danes to spy on Hamlet, and discover the cause behind his strange behaviors, saying:
KING: Welcome, dear Rosencrantz and Guildenstern! Moreover that we did much long to see you, the need we have to use you did provoke Our hasty sending. Something have you heard of Hamlet's transformation - so I call it.
QUEEN: Good gentlemen, he hath much talked of you, And sure I am two men there is not living, To whom he more adheres. (Hamlet.1.2.5-25)

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Step-father/uncle of Hamlet who killed Old King Hamlet.

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Friends of Hamlet and are spies for the King and Queen.

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Ex-love interest of Hamlet, has cut of all communication with him due to her family's orders.

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Polonius, after instructing Ophelia to stop engaging with Hamlets affairs, explains to the King and Queen that he knows the reason behind Hamlet's behavior. Polonius expresses this theory to the Danes, saying, "But yet I do believe / the origin and commencement of his grief / sprung from neglected love" (Hamlet.1.3.185).

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Thinks that Hamlet went crazy after forcing Ophelia to stop communicating with him.

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King Claudius explains to Hamlet how it is not masculine to carry this much sorrow, and that, in order to be a man, he needs to get over it. This is showcasing sexism and stereotyping towards Hamlet, insinuating that he is not enough for his gender and he is not a "real man."

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After the death of his father, Hamlet entered a deep depression and grieving stage. Claudius attempts to talk Hamlet out of this by stating, "But to perserver in obstinate condolemnet / tis unmanly grief" (Hamlet.1.2.95-96).

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King Claudius pressures Hamlet into "being a man."

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Themes of lust and incest are present in this story due to the marriage between the King and his sister in law, Gertrude. According to Hamlet, this was evil of her to have lust for him that early after King Hamlet's death, and that she was going against her values by sleeping with him.

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Hamlet mentions his anger towards his mother since she was lustful towards his uncle, saying, "Married with my uncle, my fathers brother / she married. O most wicked speed! To post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets!" (Hamlet.1.2.154-160)

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Hamlet rants about his mother having lust for his uncle/her brother in law.

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Hamlet is ashamed of this tradition because he is aware of how it makes their kingdom look, which is like drunkards. This makes it hard for other kingdoms to take them seriously, as well as Hamlet. He does not morally agree with this celebration, even though it has been passed down from tradition. This means that he is strong in his beliefs despite what others may do.

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Whilst the kingdom parties and celebrates, Hamlet becomes offended at this action due to his moral principles. After hearing the celebration, Hamlet discredits it, saying "And to the manner born, it is a custom / makes us traduced and taxed of other nations / they clepe us drunkards" (Hamlet.1.4.20-22).

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Throughout the story, Hamlet has stuck to his moral principals, regardless of when things became tough.

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Lethe was one of the five rivers of Hades, and it is said that those who drink from it will have complete forgetfulness and be forgiven. The ghost tells Hamlet that he would have to be as unmotivated as the shrubs on the side of the river if he did not want to be forgiven to investigate his fathers death.

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"I find thee apt; And duller shouldst you be than the fat weed / that roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf" (Hamlet.1.5.36-39).

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The ghost compares Hamlet to the weeds on the side of this river

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In Greek Mythology, the Nemean Lion was a near indestructible monster, with sharp claws/impenetrable skin. No weapons could slay him, but was eventually slain in a battle with Hercules. Hamlet compares himself to the Nemean Lion, suggesting that he is strong and courageous, yet it also insinuates failure, because the Nemean lion lost the battle against Hercules.

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"My fate cries out / And makes each petty artery int his body / As hardy as the Nemean lion's nerve" (Hamlet.1.4.91-93)

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Hamlet refers to himself as the Nemean Lion.

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Hamlet questions why his mother is not mourning like Niobe.

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In this allusion, Hamlet compares his mother to Niobe, who symbolizes mourning in Greek Mythology. Niobe had many children, and would boast about them to the Titan Leto. As punishment for being too prideful, Leto's children killed all of Niobe's children. This sent Niobe into weeping, and was turned into a rock, but still wept. In this passage, Hamlet compares his mother to Niobe, saying that she should have mourned his father's death like Niobe, but instead moved on very quickly.

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"Which she followed my poor father's body / Like Niobe, all tears" (Hamlet.1.2.150-152).

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Hamlet gives his word to the ghost that he will avenge his fathers murder, showcasing how loyal he is to his father, even in death. Avenging the death of King Hamlet may end up getting him killed, but he would risk all of this because he is naturally faithful to his father.

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After figuring out that Claudius killed his father, Hamlet promises his father's ghost that he will seek revenge, saying, "So, uncle, there you are / Now to my word. It is 'Adieu, adieu, remember me' / I have sworn it" (Hamlet.1.5.115).

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Hamlet is very loyal to his father, and wants to avenge his death.

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Hamlet allows for himself to become careless with his life after the death of King Hamlet, and proves this by going and talking to the ghost, despite the risk of death. He talks of not setting his life "at a pin's fee", meaning that he does not care for his life and it does not matter what happens to it.

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A father dying would be a major grievance to anyone, but Hamlet takes this event and allows it to change his entire view on life. After the death of his father, he and the guards go in search of a ghost, and volunteers to go and speak to it. It is clear that Hamlet does not care for his life, stating, "Why, what should be the fear? I do not set my life at a pin's fee" (Hamlet.1.4.71).

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Hamlet, although frustrated with her, still obeys his mother's wishes, showing his love/respect he may still hold for her. This passage is also important because it reveals how Hamlet values his loved ones by putting them first, and respecting their decisions, even if he may disagree.