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This handout will help you find contextual evidence and make inferences about Elizabeth I.

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Queen Elizabeth II - The Current Monarch

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Queen Elizabeth II - The Current Monarch

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If you are interested, here is the biography of the current Queen of England. What are some commonalities you observe between the two Elizabeth's?

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King Charles Shared an Unreleased Photo of Queen Elizabeth II for the Anniversary of Her Death

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The longest-reigning monarch in British history sat on the throne for more than 71 years.

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Watch the first 5 minutes

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Iroquois Confederacy (First Democracy of the Americas)

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The reading from the text

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Unit 1 Beyond Democracy - National Edition (Gr. 6) | Benchmark Universe

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Figurative Language - The Iroquois Confederacy

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Figurative Language - The Iroquois Confederacy

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Read this document to see an example of a good journal entry.

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Use this document to help you brainstorm writing your own journal entry.

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Use this forced choice template to help with annotating.

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- [Voiceover] Hello Grammarians, today we're going to talk about subject-verb agreement. What this is, is the idea that you want your subject and your verb to get along in a sentence. What agreement is, in grammar, is the art of making sure that sentence parts connect with one another in the right way. It's making sure that a square peg goes in a square hole. Right, not a square peg in a round, square peg in a triangular hole. You want to make sure that the way you render your subject fits with the way you've rendered your verb. What do I mean by that? Let's take this sentence, the dog barks. We have this subject, the dog, and it is singular, there's one of it. The way this verb is, the word is conjugated, the way this verb is conjugated, the way we've assembled, or figured out how the verb is going to be is also a singular conjugation. So, we say the dog barks and not the dog bark, right? This is not standard American English. This is the plural form. You can say the dogs bark, right, because there's more than one dog here and this is their verb, this is their plural form. I know it's kind of strange that the third person, singular form of a verb ends in S. Like, if English made sense-- OK, like, if I ran the zoo, right, I would want it to work like, this, the dogs barks, right, because there's an S, there's multiple. Unfortunately, for many weird reasons, and the history of English, it didn't work out that way. A third person singular verb usually ends in an S. Right, I talk that's first person. Third person is she talks. We eat. That's plural first person. They eat, see no S. It's only this weird third person singular, here, that's got that S on the end. So, if you're trying to figure out how to make something agree, if you're unsure as you're writing, so if you're looking at a sentence like the dogs bark. And, you can't figure out if it's suppose to be the dogs bark or the dog barks, or the dogs barks, as yourself first, what is the subject of the sentence? So, first find the subject, and then ask yourself is it singular or plural. Is is S or P, is it salt or is it pepper? And, then if you can remember that, then just remember that singular S usually results in another S. So, if it's the dog, and that's singular, then you're gonna want to put that S over here. So, if the subject isn't noun but a pronoun, same question. Is it singular or plural? I is singular, there's only one me. We is plural, there's many of us. And, if it's singular third person, so like she, he, it, end it in an S. Another thing to remember, is that most what we call indefinite pronouns are third person singular. So, if you wanted to ask whether or not anyone knows the way to San Jose as a question, but you're not sure whether or not it would be does anyone know the way to San Jose, or do anyone know the way to San Jose? Well, the work anyone is third person singular, and all though do is an irregular verb, we still kind of hold to the idea of the third person singular verb ends in an S. So, it's a z sound, written as an S, so we would say does. Does anyone know as opposed to if it were in the plural. Do we know, right? So, does is singular, do is plural. And, that's kind of the basic idea of subject-verb agreement, cause you want to make sure that the number of things in your subject matches up with the number in your predicate. So, is the subject singular or plural? If it's third person singular, the verb probably ends in an S, even though the third person singular noun or pronoun does not. You can learn anything, David out.

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Subject-verb agreement (video) | Khan Academy

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Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.

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Thishandout is for Lesson 13 and is an outline for how codetermine the author's point of view.

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A video that demonstrates how words and phrases used show the author's point of view.

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In this lesson you will learn how to determine an author's point of view by analyzing word choice.

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This video gives you information about Queen Elizabeth I, and has some interesting facts not share din the reading.

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Elizabeth I (1533-1603) Queen of England

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This handout will help you identify key details and summarize the reading.

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This video is a biography and has some interesting potraits of Elizabeth I.

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Who Was Queen Elizabeth I?

Queen Elizabeth I claimed the throne in 1558 at the age of 25 and held it until her death 44 years later. Elizabeth I was born a princess but declared illegitimate through political machinations. Eventually, upon her half-sister Mary Tudor's death, she took the crown.

During her reign, Elizabeth I established Protestantism in England; defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588; maintained peace inside her previously divided country; and created an environment where the arts flourished. She was sometimes called the "Virgin Queen", as she never married.

Queen Elizabeth I's Father and Mother

Elizabeth was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. She was only 2 years old when her mother was beheaded on the orders of her father, based on questionable charges of adultery and conspiracy.

Photo: Steven van der Meulen [Public domain]

Early Life and Education

Elizabeth I was born on September 7, 1533, in Greenwich, England. Elizabeth was raised much like any other royal child. She received tutoring and excelled at languages and music.

After her father's death in 1547, Elizabeth spent some time under the care of her stepmother Catherine Parr. Parr hired tutors on Elizabeth's behalf, including William Grindal and Roger Ascham.

Tensions with Parr over Parr's new husband, Thomas Seymour, led Elizabeth to return to the royal estate at Hatfield, away from the court. Her relationship with Seymour later came under scrutiny, and Seymour was tried for conspiring to wed Elizabeth in a bid to gain power. Found guilty, Seymour was executed.

Elizabeth I of England's Siblings

Elizabeth had an older half-sister, Mary Tudor, who was the king's first child with his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and the only to survive to adulthood. Elizabeth also had a younger half-brother, Edward, who was the king's first and only legitimate son with his third wife, Jane Seymour.

Elizabeth and Mary were declared to be illegitimate as their father sought to pave the way to the throne for Edward, his male heir. The girls were later reinstated as potential heirs. Upon Henry VIII's death in 1547, Edward succeeded his father as King Edward VI.

Edward VI died just six years later, in 1553. Mary Tudor and their cousin, Lady Jane Grey, both were in line for the crown.

Edward had appointed Grey to be his successor. Her reign proved to be very short: Mary gained the support of the English people and unseated Grey after only nine days on the throne.

Even though Elizabeth supported Mary in her coup, she was not free from suspicion. A staunch Roman Catholic, Mary sought to restore her country back to her faith, undoing her father's break from the Pope. While Elizabeth went along with the religious change, she remained a candidate for the throne for those who wanted a return to Protestantism.

In 1554, Thomas Wyatt organized a rebellion against Mary in the hopes of making Elizabeth queen and restoring Protestantism to England. His plot was uncovered, and Mary quickly imprisoned Elizabeth. Although Elizabeth disputed any involvement in the conspiracy, her sister was not wholly convinced.

Although she was soon released, Elizabeth's life was firmly in her sister's hands. Wyatt was executed, but he maintained that Elizabeth was not aware of the rebellion. Elizabeth eventually returned to Hatfield and continued with her studies. In 1558, Elizabeth ascended to the throne upon Mary Tudor's death.

Elizabeth I's Reign

Elizabeth ruled for 44 years, from 1558 until her death in 1603.

Elizabeth I inherited a number of problems stirred up by her half-sister Mary. The country was at war with France, which proved to be a tremendous drain on the royal coffers.

There was also great tension between different religious factions after Mary worked to restore England to Roman Catholicism by any means necessary. Mary had earned herself the nickname Bloody Mary for ordering the execution of 300 Protestants as heretics.

Elizabeth acted swiftly to address these two pressing issues. During her first session of Parliament in 1559, she called for the passage of the Act of Supremacy, which re-established the Church of England, and the Act of Uniformity, which created a common prayer book.

Elizabeth took a moderate approach to the divisive religious conflict in her country. "There is one Jesus Christ," she once said. "The rest is a dispute over trifles."

Historians differ on the extent that Catholics suffered religious persecution and execution under Elizabeth's reign. The Roman Catholic Church took a dim view of her actions, and in 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth.

With the assistance of her key advisor, William Cecil, Elizabeth ended England's war with France. She was able to avoid clashing with the other superpower of the age, Spain, for much of her reign.

In 1585, however, Elizabeth entered the fray to support the Protestant rebellion against Spain in the Netherlands. Spain then set its sights on England, but the English navy was able to defeat the infamous Spanish Armada in 1588. According to several reports, the weather proved to be a deciding factor in England's victory.

Elizabethan England

Elizabeth's reign was sometimes referred to as the England's Golden Age or Elizabethan England, an era of peace and prosperity when the arts had a chance to blossom with Elizabeth's support.

While she worked hard at court, Elizabeth took time for leisurely pursuits. She loved music and could play the lute. Thomas Tallis and William Byrd were among her court musicians. Elizabeth also enjoyed dancing and watching plays. Elizabeth's reign supported the creation of works by such greats as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.

Writers paid tribute to the queen in many literary forms. The poet Edmund Spenser based his character of Gloriana in The Faerie Queen on Elizabeth, and she was sometimes referred to by this name.

Portraiture was the reigning form of painting at the time, and artists honored Elizabeth by painting her portrait. These images reveal that Elizabeth was an early fashionista in many ways. She loved jewelry and beautiful clothing; her garments were often made with gold and silver. With the help of makeup, Elizabeth cultivated a dramatically pale look.

Rivalry Between Queen Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots

During Elizabeth's rule, Mary, Queen of Scots lay claim to the English crown and posed one of the greatest internal threats to remove her cousin from the throne. Mary was raised Catholic and was considered by many English Catholics to be the rightful monarch of England.

The daughter of King James V of Scotland, Mary Stuart united her country with France in 1558 when she married the future King Francis II. After Francis' death, Mary returned to Scotland in 1561.

Elizabeth jailed her cousin in 1567 in connection with several assassination attempts, including the Babington Plot. Elizabeth kept Mary imprisoned for nearly 20 years before she had her cousin executed in 1587.

DOWNLOAD BIOGRAPHY'S QUEEN ELIZABETH I FACT CARD

Later Years

Troubled times marked the final years of Elizabeth's reign. The country suffered from failed crops, unemployment and inflation. There were riots over food shortages and rebellions in Ireland.

Elizabeth faced many challenges to her authority, including from one of her favorite noblemen, Robert Devereaux, the Earl of Essex. She had sent him to Ireland to quell a rebellion known as the Nine Years War led by Gaelic lord Hugh O'Neill. Instead, Essex returned to England and sought to start his own rebellion. He was executed for treason in 1601.

Elizabeth I's Golden Speech

Despite her fading power, Elizabeth still showed her devotion to her people. She gave one of her most famous speeches in 1601 to Parliament.

During what is referred to as her "Golden Speech," a self-reflective Elizabeth seemed to look back on her long reign. "Of myself I must say this, I was never any greedy, scraping grasper, nor a strait, fast-holding prince, nor yet a waster. My heart was never set on worldly goods but for my subjects' good."

While the end of her reign had been difficult, Elizabeth is largely remembered as a queen who supported her people. Her lengthy time on the throne provided her subjects with stability and consistency. Her political acumen, sharp wit and clever mind helped navigate the nation through many religious, social and governmental challenges.

Did Queen Elizabeth I Have a Husband or Children?

Elizabeth never married or had children; she seemed to have no interest in sharing power with a spouse. Over time, she cultivated her image as a queen married to her job and her people, earning her the nickname the "Virgin Queen."

Succession was a pressing issue for Elizabeth. During her reign, she managed a number of suitors and potential royal matches. Through her father and her sister, however, Elizabeth had seen the troubles and challenges of royal marriages.

Elizabeth's half-sister Mary Tudor had made an unpopular choice in marrying Philip II of Spain, who shared her devotion to the Roman Catholic faith. In the hopes of reuniting their two countries once more, Phillip offered to wed Elizabeth at one time. She refused.

Other suitors for Elizabeth's hand included the Archduke Charles of Austria and the future King Henry III of France. She used her availability as a means to political ends, but she never agreed to marriage.

Elizabeth herself seemed to have some interest in a member of her court, Robert Dudley. Their relationship was the subject of much gossip and speculation; both parties came under suspicion of the mysterious death of Dudley's wife.

Queen Elizabeth I's Death

Elizabeth died on March 24, 1603, at Richmond Palace in Surrey. It's believed that the cosmetic concoction Elizabeth used to cultivate her infamously pale look, called the "spirits of Saturn" - made by mixing white lead and vinegar - may have impacted her health.

Successor to Queen Elizabeth I

Because Elizabeth I had no children, with her death came the end of the house of Tudor - a royal family that had ruled England since the late 1400s. The son of her former rival and cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots, succeeded her on the throne as James I.

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Queen Elizabeth I claimed the throne in 1558 at the age of 25 and held it until her death 44 years later. Elizabeth I was born a princess but declared illegitimate through political machinations. Eventually, upon her half-sister Mary Tudor's death, she took the crown.

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This video shows you how to find and cite evidence in text and draw inferences.

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Cite textual evidence to support inferences drawn from the text

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In this lesson, you will learn how to draw inferences from the text by citing evidence that explains a character's decision.

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This is another short video about making inferences.

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Sometimes, an author will not share exactly what they mean with readers. When this happens, readers use textual evidence (what is explicitly stated) in order to understand what the author might be trying to say between the lines.

Inference: a conclusion reached by using evidence and reasoning.

Textual Evidence: the explicitly stated details or information in a text that can be used to support a claim.

Watch both of the videos below to learn more about inferences, as well as textual evidence, before completing the linked tutorial and quiz questions.

Click here to practice making inferences. Go through the tutorial and practice stories as needed in order to spend more time making inferences based on textual evidence.

Make sure you have completed all quiz questions before attempting this last question!
Click here to answer the final question and complete this tutorial.

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Sometimes, an author will not share exactly what they mean with readers. When this happens, readers use textual evidence (what is explicitly stated) in order to understand what the author might be trying to say between the lines. Inference: a conclusion reached by using evidence and reasoning.

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This video talks about some of the main highlights of Gandhi's life and struggle. It talks about " Satyagraha" and the Salt March.

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Revered the world over for his nonviolent philosophy of passive resistance, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was known to his many followers as Mahatma, or "the great-souled one." He began his activism as an Indian immigrant in South Africa in the early 1900s, and in the years following World War I became the leading figure in India's struggle to gain independence from Great Britain. Known for his ascetic lifestyle-he often dressed only in a loincloth and shawl-and devout Hindu faith, Gandhi was imprisoned several times during his pursuit of non-cooperation, and undertook a number of hunger strikes to protest the oppression of India's poorest classes, among other injustices. After Partition in 1947, he continued to work toward peace between Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi was shot to death in Delhi in January 1948 by a Hindu fundamentalist.

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the present-day Indian state of Gujarat. His father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his deeply religious mother was a devoted practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship of the Hindu god Vishnu), influenced by Jainism, an ascetic religion governed by tenets of self-discipline and nonviolence. At the age of 19, Mohandas left home to study law in London at the Inner Temple, one of the city's four law colleges. Upon returning to India in mid-1891, he set up a law practice in Bombay, but met with little success. He soon accepted a position with an Indian firm that sent him to its office in South Africa. Along with his wife, Kasturbai, and their children, Gandhi remained in South Africa for nearly 20 years.

Did you know? In the famous Salt March of April-May 1930, thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from Ahmadabad to the Arabian Sea. The march resulted in the arrest of nearly 60,000 people, including Gandhi himself.

Gandhi was appalled by the discrimination he experienced as an Indian immigrant in South Africa. When a European magistrate in Durban asked him to take off his turban, he refused and left the courtroom. On a train voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a first-class railway compartment and beaten up by a white stagecoach driver after refusing to give up his seat for a European passenger. That train journey served as a turning point for Gandhi, and he soon began developing and teaching the concept of satyagraha ("truth and firmness"), or passive resistance, as a way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal government passed an ordinance regarding the registration of its Indian population, Gandhi led a campaign of civil disobedience that would last for the next eight years. During its final phase in 1913, hundreds of Indians living in South Africa, including women, went to jail, and thousands of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even shot. Finally, under pressure from the British and Indian governments, the government of South Africa accepted a compromise negotiated by Gandhi and General Jan Christian Smuts, which included important concessions such as the recognition of Indian marriages and the abolition of the existing poll tax for Indians.

In July 1914, Gandhi left South Africa to return to India. He supported the British war effort in World War I but remained critical of colonial authorities for measures he felt were unjust. In 1919, Gandhi launched an organized campaign of passive resistance in response to Parliament's passage of the Rowlatt Acts, which gave colonial authorities emergency powers to suppress subversive activities. He backed off after violence broke out-including the massacre by British-led soldiers of some 400 Indians attending a meeting at Amritsar-but only temporarily, and by 1920 he was the most visible figure in the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As part of his nonviolent non-cooperation campaign for home rule, Gandhi stressed the importance of economic independence for India. He particularly advocated the manufacture of khaddar, or homespun cloth, in order to replace imported textiles from Britain. Gandhi's eloquence and embrace of an ascetic lifestyle based on prayer, fasting and meditation earned him the reverence of his followers, who called him Mahatma (Sanskrit for "the great-souled one"). Invested with all the authority of the Indian National Congress (INC or Congress Party), Gandhi turned the independence movement into a massive organization, leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institutions representing British influence in India, including legislatures and schools.

After sporadic violence broke out, Gandhi announced the end of the resistance movement, to the dismay of his followers. British authorities arrested Gandhi in March 1922 and tried him for sedition; he was sentenced to six years in prison but was released in 1924 after undergoing an operation for appendicitis. He refrained from active participation in politics for the next several years, but in 1930 launched a new civil disobedience campaign against the colonial government's tax on salt, which greatly affected Indian's poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after British authorities made some concessions, Gandhi again called off the resistance movement and agreed to represent the Congress Party at the Round Table Conference in London. Meanwhile, some of his party colleagues-particularly Mohammed Ali Jinnah, a leading voice for India's Muslim minority-grew frustrated with Gandhi's methods, and what they saw as a lack of concrete gains. Arrested upon his return by a newly aggressive colonial government, Gandhi began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the treatment of India's so-called "untouchables" (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or "children of God." The fasting caused an uproar among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by the Hindu community and the government.

In 1934, Gandhi announced his retirement from politics in, as well as his resignation from the Congress Party, in order to concentrate his efforts on working within rural communities. Drawn back into the political fray by the outbreak of World War II, Gandhi again took control of the INC, demanding a British withdrawal from India in return for Indian cooperation with the war effort. Instead, British forces imprisoned the entire Congress leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian relations to a new low point.

Partition and Death of Gandhi

After the Labor Party took power in Britain in 1947, negotiations over Indian home rule began between the British, the Congress Party and the Muslim League (now led by Jinnah). Later that year, Britain granted India its independence but split the country into two dominions: India and Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, but he agreed to it in hopes that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve peace internally. Amid the massive riots that followed Partition, Gandhi urged Hindus and Muslims to live peacefully together, and undertook a hunger strike until riots in Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Gandhi carried out yet another fast, this time to bring about peace in the city of Delhi. On January 30, 12 days after that fast ended, Gandhi was on his way to an evening prayer meeting in Delhi when he was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic enraged by Mahatma's efforts to negotiate with Jinnah and other Muslims. The next day, roughly 1 million people followed the procession as Gandhi's body was carried in state through the streets of the city and cremated on the banks of the holy Jumna River.

PHOTO GALLERIES

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Revered the world over for his nonviolent philosophy of passive resistance, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was known to his many followers as Mahatma, or "the great-souled one." He began his activism as an Indian immigrant in South Africa in the early 1900s, and in the years following World War I became the leading figure in India's struggle to gain independence from Great Britain.

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A peaceful rebellion against the British Law that prohibited Indians from harvesting salt from the oceans and seas.

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This is an article that talks about his life and work. There is also a video with many of misquotes.

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Movie Clip from Gandhi (the movie starring Ben Kingsley)

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Movie Clip from Gandhi (the movie starring Ben Kingsley)

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This clip shows how Gandhi spoke to the British about his principles - peaceful, non violent non cooperation.

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Gandhi Clip on the Salt March (teaching clip for non-violence and direct action)

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Choices for writing the summary.

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This video is a biography and has some interesting potraits of Elizabeth I. 

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add
Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
This video gives you information about Queen Elizabeth I, and has some interesting facts not share din the reading. 
Key Details and Summary Chart
Key Details and Summary Chart
This handout will help you identify key details and summarize the reading. 
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
This video is a biography and has some interesting potraits of Elizabeth I. 

add
Queen Elizabeth II
Queen Elizabeth II - The Current Monarch
Queen Elizabeth II - The Current Monarch
If you are interested, here is the biography of the current Queen of England.  What are some commonalities you observe be