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Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive mental deterioration, that can occur in middle or old age.

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Generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility

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Cognitive: Mental decline, confusion, delusion, disorientation.
Behavioral: Aggression, agitation, irritability.
Mood: Anger, apathy, general discontent, loneliness, mood swings.
Psychological: Depression, hallucination, paranoia.
Whole body: loss of appetite, restlessness.

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In people ages 41-60+

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Cognition-enhancing medication, physical exercise, and seeing specialists.

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The disease usually progresses over anywhere from two to 20 years. People diagnosed with Alzheimer's typically live an average of eight to 10 years from their time of diagnosis. No cure exists, but medications and management strategies may temporarily improve symptoms.

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A mental disorder marked by alternating periods of elation and depression.

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The exact cause of bipolar disorder isn’t known, but a combination of genetics, environment, and altered brain structure and chemistry may play a role.

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Cognitive: Unwanted thoughts, delusion, lack of concentration, slowness in activity.
Behavioral: Risk-taking behavior, disorganized behaviors, self-harm.
Psychological: Depression/agitated depression, manic episodes, paranoia.
Whole body: fatigue or restlessness.

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In teens ages 14-18

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Medications and therapy.

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For most people with bipolar disorder, strict adherence to medications is necessary to help keep episodes to a minimum. Very few people diagnosed with bipolar disorder will have symptoms improve to the point that they don't need to continue medication.

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A disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.

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Epilepsy may occur as a result of a genetic disorder or an acquired brain injury, such as a trauma or stroke.

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Muscular: Rhythmic muscle contractions or muscle spasms.
Sensory: Aura or pins and needles
Whole body: Fainting or fatigue.
Also common: Seizures, amnesia, anxiety, depression, headache, sleepiness, staring spells, or temporary paralysis after a seizure.

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In children ages 0-2

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Epilepsy is usually treated by medications and in some cases by surgery, devices, or dietary changes.

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Treatment is one of the most important factors that affect your overall epilepsy prognosis. Anti-seizure medication, when taken on a regular basis, can help control activity in the brain that leads to epileptic seizures.

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A nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds.

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The exact cause of Tourette-Syndrome isn't known. It's a complex disorder likely caused by a combination of inherited (genetic) and environmental factors. Chemicals in the brain that transmit nerve impulses (neurotransmitters), including dopamine and serotonin, might play a role.

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Behavioral: compulsive behavior, hyperactivity, meaningless repetition of own words, repetitive movements.
Mood: anxiety or apprehension.
Muscular: Tic, difficulty with bodily movements, increased muscle activity, involuntary movements.
Also Common: Coughing, eyelid twitching, frequent throat clearing, learning disability, repetitive blinking of eyes, stuttering

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Tourette-Syndrome starts in childhood with children ages 0-2

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Treatment may include medication or psychological therapies.

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Although the disorder is generally lifelong and chronic, it is not a degenerative condition. Individuals with Tourette-Syndrome have a normal life expectancy. Tourette-Syndrome does not impair intelligence.

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A learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading.

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A family history of dyslexia or other learning disabilities, premature birth or low birth weight,  exposure during pregnancy to nicotine, drugs, alcohol or infection that may alter brain development in the fetus,  or individual differences in the parts of the brain that enable reading.

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Cognitive: Difficulty memorizing, difficulty spelling, or difficulty thinking and understanding.
Development: Learning disability or speech delay in a child.
Also Common: Delayed reading ability, headache, or speech impairment.

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First noticed in children ages 0-2

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Most children with dyslexia can succeed in school with tutoring or a specialized education program. If extra help is needed, occupational therapy and speech therapy would be beneficial.

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Chronic. Treatment can help, but this condition can't be cured