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                                          The Shang Dynasty

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                                          The Shang Dynasty

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-1500 B.C. to 1027 B.C.-The first recorded history in China
-These records were kept by Oracle Bones,including a timeline of kings and dynasty history
-It is estimated to have begun anywhere from the Mid-18th to the Mid-16th century (which initiated the Bronze Age)
-Started the use of common metal bronze tools and weapons
-Social classes dictated how many people lived
-Worship of ancestors was an essential in Shang culture in order to keep crops thriving
-Shang Ti was also a god worshiped by every member from the Dynasty, who if pleased correctly, would provide prospers
-However, they believed in many other gods
-They developed an advanced irrigation system to prevent the flooding of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
-King Zhou, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, allowed the Dynasty to be weakened by many battles, and eventually,the Wu-Wang overtook it in 1111 B.C. (USHistory.org).

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Oracle Bones were where the people of the Shang Dynasty would scribe down questions on animal bones. They would crack the bones over a fire, and depending on the way it cracked gave an answer, and the cracks in the bones would explain things. Overall, this demonstrates the philosophies of the Shang Dynasty (Mark).

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(HavardMuseums).

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                                          The Zhou Dynasty 

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                                          The Zhou Dynasty 

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-The longest Chinese Dynasty, from 1045 B.C. to 256 B.C.
-The Zhou introduced the idea of the Mandate of Heaven
-The Mandate of Heaven is needed for others to overthrow old and corrupt rulers, to ensure the people who are trying to take over are morally correct and deserving
-The Zhou kingdom divided itself between family rulers (Feudalism)
-Replaced the idea of barter with money
-The great Philosophers Confucius and Laozi developed their ideas from the time
-Confucius (official Chinese philosophy): good morals and actions are key to success
-Daosim: everything is connected by the Tao, and because of this, Taoists believe in a government arranged by going with the flow of events
-Kept Shang culture
-Divided into East and West Zhou
-The Qin Dynasty taking over during the Warring Period (Hardy)

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(ancient.eu)

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                                            The Qin Dynasty

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                                            The Qin Dynasty

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-221 B.C. to 202 B.C.
-Shang Yang established law applicable to everyone in the Qin Dynasty
-The Qin introduced Legalism: the idea that human nature is not trusted and only strict laws were the way to success
-Yang believed that nobles should get their rank after proving themselves
-The Dynasty introduced the idea of countries and districts
-It had high agricultural production because the Qin rewarded farmers to take away the farmers from neighbors
-The system of weights and measurements was developed
-Encouraged smaller families, which are ideal in China today
-The Qin Dynasty united China, with its leader, Shi Huangdi
-Created the boundaries of China
-Removal of the Feudal System
-Initiated the building of the Great Wall of China, which is used to protect China from intruders
-After Shi Huangdi died, rebellion broke out and the Dynasty fell
-To respect Huangdi, the first emperor of China, terracotta soldiers were built to represent his army; this gave historians some information about the Qin Dynasty (Britannica.com.)

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The Great Wall of China starting from the Qin Dynasty

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The Great Wall of China starting from the Qin Dynasty

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Visible from NASA's standpoint, the Great Wall of China expands over 5,000 miles, and contains dead bodies from wartime; all while serving as a protection from enemies (NASA).

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                                          The Han Dynasty

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                                          The Han Dynasty

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-206 B.C. to 220 A.D.
-Paper and porcelain were invented
-Wu Ti was the ruler of the Han Dynasty during its most successful times
-Wu Ti sent Chang Ch'ien on an expedition that showed the Han Dynasty many desirable Westward features
-From there, the Silk Road of trade was developed between Western places (still used today)
-Restored and continued the Great Wall of China
-Advanced astronomy enabled the Han Dynasty to figure out where planets and stars were, helping them plan their farming seasons
-Acupuncture and herbal medicines were curing methods developed during this time
-Government corruption alongside an increasing population cause the fall of the Han Dynasty (USHistory.org)

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China received many different food and materials by trading their desirable goods. The Silk Road also encouraged culture diffusion between China and Western places (ancient.eu)

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                                          The Sui Dynasty

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                                          The Sui Dynasty

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-581 A.D. to 618 A.D.
-Yang Jian united Northern and Southern China by taking control after 400 years of the Chinese Civil War
-Yangdi, the proceeding ruler of the Sui Dynasty, built the first Grand Canal
-It stretched 1,200 miles Hangzhou to near Beijing and was a vital waterway for shipping goods (Hardy).
-Overly taxed and worked peasants
-The Sui built granaries to help them during a famine
-Once people began to resent the emperor, they revolted, making an end to the Dynasty (apworldhistory101.com)

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(CartoGIS Services)

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                                       The Tang Dynasty

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                                       The Tang Dynasty

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-618 A.D. to 907 A.D.
-Kao-tsu created a money system from copper and silk ribbons
-The beginning of the Golden Age
-A smaller, and essentially weaker, government (the government was too weak and collapsed, but its smallness saved money)
-During this time, Buddhism from India had reached its ideas to China, and Buddhism reached its highest popularity
-Golden Age of art and literature
-The world's earliest book was published
-Invention of an early form of clockwork
-Newly invented gunpowder made China a valuable force in trade and battle
-After a rebellion, the empire began separating into 10 different kingdoms, and the Tang Dynasty fell (USHistory.org)

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The Spread of Buddhism into China in the Tang Dynasty

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The Spread of Buddhism into China in the Tang Dynasty

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(ancient.eu)

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                                       The Song Dynasty

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                                       The Song Dynasty

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-960 A.D. to 1279 A.D.
-Better agriculture and food production allowed the Dynasty to thrive
-Invented the handheld gun
-Introduced a movable type (a word printing system that enabled books to be written and history to be recorded)
-Magnetic compass
-Neo-Confucianism developed at this time, which was a philosophy based off of Confucianism morals, and a bit of Daosim and Buddhism
-The world's first government that used paper money as a form of currency
-The Mongols falsely allied with Zhao Kuangyin, the Song ruler, betrayed them, and took over China (Hardy).

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The First Paper Currency from the Song Dynasty

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The First Paper Currency from the Song Dynasty

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(afe.easia.columbia.edu)

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                                            The Ming Dynasty

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                                            The Ming Dynasty

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-1368 A.D. to 1644 A.D.
-Created a complex and strict bureaucracy
-Censorate was a police force separate from the government
-Carvings from many different materials were made at this time, demonstrating its advances
-Drama was restored, but plays,however, were destroyed
-The arts continued to flourish
-China had its greatest economy at this time
-With many outside prodding forces, the Ming Dynasty had to use up many military resources (EncyclopaediaBritannica).

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Painting from the Art Abundant Ming Dynasty

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Painting from the Art Abundant Ming Dynasty

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(si.edu)

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USHistory.org. "Shang Dynasty - China's First Recorded History" Adapted by Newela Staff, Ancient Civilizations Online Textbook, Neswela, https://newsela.com/read/lib-ushistory-ancient-china-shang-dynasty/id/32201/Accessed 15 Dec. 2018
Mark, Emily. “Oracle Bones.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 21 Dec. 2018, www.ancient.eu/Oracle_Bones/
Harvard. “Harvard Art Museums / Fogg Museum | Bush-Reisinger Museum | Arthur M. Sackler Museum.” From the Harvard Art Museums' Collections Emperor Trajan, www.harvardartmuseums.org/art/204565.

Hardy, Grant. "Zhou dynasty." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2018,
www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar616794. Accessed 18 Dec. 2018.
Cline, Erin M. "Confucianism." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2018,
www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar129220. Accessed 18 Dec. 2018.
Sivin, N. "Laozi." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2018,
www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar312850. Accessed 18 Dec. 2018.
Violatti, Cristian. “Zhou Dynasty.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 20 Dec. 2018, www.ancient.eu/Zhou_Dynasty/
Britannica.com. "The Qin Dynasty and the Unification of China: 221-202 B.C." Adapted by Newsela Staff Encyclopedia, Britannica Newsela, https://newsela.com/read/lib-overview-qin-dynasty/id/33048/ Accessed 19 Dec.
USHistory.org. "China's Han Dynasty Rises and Falls" Adapted by Newela Staff, Ancient Civilizations Online Textbook, Neswela, https://newsela.com/read/lib-ushistory-china-han-dynasty/id/32151/Accessed 15 Dec. 2018
Administrator, NASA Content. “Great Wall.” NASA, NASA, 21 Apr. 2016, www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/gall_greatwall.html.
Hardy, Grant. "Sui dynasty." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2018,
www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar538455. Accessed 21 Dec. 2018
Coordinator, CartoGIS Services, and cap.cartogis@anu.edu.au. “China - Grand Canal.” ANU College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University, 27 Sept. 2018, asiapacific.anu.edu.au/mapsonline/base-maps/china-grand-canal.
USHistory.org. "Tang Dynasty - The Golden Age of China" Adapted by Newela Staff, Ancient Civilizations Online Textbook, Neswela, https://newsela.com/read/lib-ushistory-china-tang-dynasty/id/32168/ Accessed 15 Dec. 2018

“AP World History 101.” Tang Dynasty Chinese History AP World History, apworldhistory101.com/history-of-china/sui/.

Hardy, Grant. "Song dynasty." World Book Advanced, World Book, 2018,
www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar519820. Accessed 21 Dec. 2018
“China in 1000 CE.” Literature of the Heian Period: 794-1185 | Asia for Educators | Columbia University, afe.easia.columbia.edu/songdynasty-module/econ-rev-money.htm
Britannica.com. "The Ming Dynasty of China: 1368-1644" Adapted by Newsela Staff Encyclopedia, Britannica Newsela, https://newsela.com/read/lib-china-ming-dynasty/id/36091/Accessed 19 Dec.

“Painting with Words: Gentleman Artists of the Ming Dynasty.” Museum Conservation Institute Stain Removal, www.si.edu/Exhibitions/Painting-with-Words-Gentleman-Artists-of-the-Ming-Dynasty-6052