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Stiffening of the joints and muscles of a body a few hours after death, usually lasting from one to four days. Once the contracting of all the body's muscles has taken place this state of Rigor - technically referred to as the Rigid Stage - normally lasts anything from eight to twelve hours after which time the body is completely stiff; this fixed state lasts for up to another eighteen hours.Starting between two and six hours following death, rigor mortis begins with the eyelids, neck, and jaw.

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Automaticity is the ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit. Examples of automaticity are common activities such as walking, speaking, bicycle-riding, assembly-line work, and driving a car. The ability of a cell to depolarize itself, reach threshold,potential and produce a propagated action potential; cells with this capability are called automatic cells.

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Excitability is the ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be delivered from a motor neuron or a hormone; capable of being activated by and reacting to stimuli. A process where muscle tissues in our body send signals to the brain and the brain tells to move out. all this happens within a fraction of a second.

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Muscle-tendon elasticity complex is the natural ability of your musculoskeletal system to 'return to its original state'. When the limb of your body is moved in any way in any direction for any purpose, muscles and tendons accommodate by elongating or shortening at various key spots. Ligaments are slightly elastic, so they can be stretched and gradually lengthen, increasing flexibility. Elasticity is the ability to recoil or bounce back to the muscle's original length after being stretched.

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Extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched. For instance, let's reconsider our elbow flexing motion we discussed earlier. In order to be able to flex the elbow, the elbow extensor muscles must extend in order to allow flexion to occur. Lack of extensibility is known as spasticity.

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Contractility is the ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten. A single motor neuron is able to innervate multiple muscle fibers, thereby causing the fibers to contract at the same time. Once innervated, the protein filaments within each skeletal muscle fiber slide past each other to produce a contraction, which is explained by the sliding filament theory. Relaxation occurs when stimulation of the nerve stops.

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Calcitonin is produced by cells of the thyroid gland. It lowers the calcium level in blood by slowing the breakdown of bone, but only slightly. Too little calcium in the blood is called hypocalcemia. Too much calcium in the blood is called hypercalcemia. The muscle contraction cycle is triggered by calcium ions binding to the protein complex troponin, exposing the active-binding sites on the actin.

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A fibrous protein that forms (together with actin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cells. Myosins are a super family of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes. The structure and function of myosin is globally conserved across species, to the extent that rabbit muscle myosin II will bind to actin from an amoeba.

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A protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cells. In muscle cells, actin filaments are aligned and myosin proteins generate forces on the filaments to support muscle contraction. These complexes are known as 'thin filaments'. Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form micro filaments.

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According to the sliding filament theory, overlapping actin and myosin (thick) filaments of muscle fibers slide past the actin (thin) filaments during muscle contraction, while the two groups of filaments remain at relatively constant length. The sliding filament theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction based on muscle proteins that slide past each other to generate movement.

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Skeletal muscles attach to and move bones by contracting and relaxing in response to voluntary messages from the nervous system. Skeletal muscle tissue is composed of long cells called muscle fibers that have a striated appearance. Unlike smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons, and they produce all the movements of body parts in relation to each other.

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Cardiac muscle tissue works to keep your heart pumping through involuntary movements. This is one feature that differentiates it from skeletal muscle tissue, which you can control. It does this through specialized cells called pacemaker cells. These control the contractions of your heart. Cardiac muscle cells are found only in the heart, and are specialized to pump blood powerfully and efficiently throughout our entire lifetime.

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Muscle tissue in which the contractile fibrils are not highly ordered, occurring in the gut and other internal organs and not under voluntary control. Smooth muscle is also sometimes known as Involuntary muscle due to our inability to control its movements, or unstriated as it does not have the stripy appearance of Skeletal muscle.Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the Stomach, Oesophagus, Bronchi and in the walls of blood vessels.

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A condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium. Tetany or tetanic seizure is a medical sign consisting of the involuntary contraction of muscles, which may be caused by disease or other conditions that increase the action potential frequency of muscle cells or the nerves that innervate them.They are due to a lack of inhibition to the neurons that supply muscles.

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A serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death.The spasms begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body. Infection can be prevented by immunization with the tetanus vaccine. Tetanus is caused by an infection with the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is commonly found in soil, saliva, dust, and manure.

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Clonic spasms refer to alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession. Tonic spasms are rigid muscle contractions that last a period of time. Tonic-clonic seizures are a combination of these two types in a specific pattern and are a type of generalized seizure. They may last mere seconds, or continue for several minutes. Also known as a grand mal seizure.

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Spasm is a sudden involuntary muscular contraction or convulsive movement. It is a muscle cramp which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain. A muscle cramp is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes. A spasm may be a muscle contraction caused by abnormal nerve stimulation or by abnormal activity of the muscle itself.

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Muscle fatigue is the decline in ability of a muscle to generate force. It can be a result of vigorous exercise but abnormal fatigue may be caused by barriers to or interference with the different stages of muscle contraction. Fatigue (reduced ability to generate force) may occur due to the nerve, or within the muscle cells themselves.

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5 basic functions of the Muscular System

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5 basic functions of the Muscular System

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1.The muscular system creates movement. The primary function of muscular system is to produce voluntary gross and fine movements. 2. It protects the organs. 3.Smooth muscle aids digestion. 4.Smooth muscle ensures blood flow. 5.Joint stability; hold bones/joints in place and allows movement.

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A thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ. Fascia is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen,beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs.Fascia are similar to ligaments and tendons as they have collagen as their major component. Fascia is consequently flexible and able to resist great unidirectional tension forces until the wavy pattern of fibers has been straightened out by the pulling force.

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A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone. Tendons are the connective tissues that transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction to the bones. Their great strength, which is necessary for withstanding the stresses generated by muscular contraction, is attributed to the hierarchical structure, parallel orientation, and tissue composition of tendon fibers.