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There are multiple benefits to cloning plants:
1. When you clone a plant, you can be sure that the plant will produce the same amount of offspring on each harvest. A plant's clone will have identical features as the parent plant.
2. Clones are predictable. When plants are clones, you already know how the plant will grow and in long term know what to expect as it has the same genetic material as the parent. It will grow similarly to the parent if it's under the same environmental conditions.

3. Cloned plants reproduce much faster. If a gardener needs to speed up the amount of crops due for harvesting cloning is much better than seeds, by the time the side just starts to grow the clones plant will already have matured. For example, roots start appearing two weeks after cutting.
4. Gardeners can reproduce pest resistance. A strong parent plant that has shown pest resistance will be able to pass this resistance onto its clones.

Plant cloning has been used everywhere and it is the most effective way to mass produce crops at the same time able to maintain itself.

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The main advantages of Asexual Reproduction are:
1.Higher number of offsping
2. Mating partner is not needed
3. Can clone DNA
4. Ability to dictate location and timing.
Asexual reproduction allows many species to rapidly reproduce without any help from mates.
Asexual reproduction is when an organism reproduces without combining its DNA with another organism of the same species. As a result the offspring, will have the exact same DNA but sometimes mutations occur.
Asexual reproduction doesn't require as much energy as sexual reproduction as there is only one source of genetic information. The energy that would be needed to combine the DNA in sexual reproduction won't be needed.
Because species that asexually reproduce can populate very easily. A single parent can lead to the growth of an entire colony and it will eventually be very easy for some species to out-compete other species. Asexual reproduction also ensures that the parent's DNA will be passed on as if one offspring was to die there will be hundreds more with the same DNA to keep reproducing.
Pant species that reproduce asexually don' need seeds to grow, which is very helpful for gardeners. Losses of crops can be balance by taking advantages of plants that asexually reproduce. Asexually reproducing plant species mature very quickly comparing to sexually reproducing crops. This means that the crops can be quickly grown, harvested and spread to further places.

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Many types of plants including woody and herbaceous (herb related plants) are mainly propagated by cuttings. A cutting is a vegetative plant part which is being cut off from the parent plant in order to regenerate, and as a result creating whole new plant. Normally you take cuttings with a sharp blade to lessen the damage onto the parent plant. The way its done is the cutting tool is dipped in a solution of rubbing alcohol which prevents transmitting diseases spreading from infected plant parts to healthy plant parts. Removing flower and flower buds allows the cutting to use its energy and stored carbohydrates to use for a formation of roots rather than fruit or see production.

Place stem and leaf cuttings in bright, indirect light. Root cuttings can be kept in the dark until new shoots appear.

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Grafting
A method of cloning, most fruit sold commercially have been grafted. A graft is when a branch on one tree has been fused onto the trunk or root of another tree. Sometimes fruit producers will start their farms near original fruit tress so it's easier to graft the fruit for example, apple trees. They normally do this because the natural true will have stronger root systems therefore can survive harsher conditions unlike when it has been grafted. To graft any type of branch the framer will make a cut into the trunk near the base of tree then puts the apple branch in it. In some occasions a nail will be put in place so to keep the branch secure. After this process the water in the root stock will provide the grated tree with enough nutrients, While the grated tree is growing and producing fruit. There is also a way you can graft several trees into one root, the result is different types of apples on a single tree.

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Tip layering
Dig a hole approximately 3-4 inches deep. Carefully insert the shoot's tip and cover it fully with soil. At first the tip will grow downwards, then will bend sharply and grow upwards. When it starts to form and S shape roots will form at a bend and roots will start to form. Examples of this are purple and black raspberries.
As well as all the other propagation techniques there are many other ways of layering a plant for example, simple layering, compound layering and mound stool layering etc.

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Layering
Layering is a method of cloning where farmers will wait until roots have formed from the actual stem of the parent plant before being removed. Some plants use this method to propagate themselves in nature. Layering, is when the farmer will bend a stem that is pretty low to the ground and keep it in place with a stake if necessary. Over time the stem will start to form roots and grow a new plant in a snake sort of shape. A very long stem will also be buried into the medium at certain intervals, from this the buried sections will form new roots and in result create several new plants.

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Tissue culture is a way of cloning, which works with tiny fragments of the parent plant. Sterile agar jelly with plant hormones and lots of nutrients are needed. Because of this it makes this way on cloning much more expensive and more difficult than just cutting

This is the method of tissue culture:
1. Take small amount of the parent plant tissue or a number of parent plant cells are taken.
2. Place the plant material in plates filled with sterile nutrient agar jelly.
3.. Plant hormones are added to stimulate the cells to divide
4. Cells will grow rapidly into small masses of tissue, in aid of the nutrients in the agar jelly.
5. More growth hormones should be added to stimulate the growth of roots and stems
6. The plantlets are then transferred into potting trays where they can develop into plants

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Cutting
Another method of cloning is cutting which is the most commonly used technique for cloning plants in hydroponics. The framer will simply cut off a part of the plant (usually a stem or a leaf), and plants it back into the growing medium. This techinque requires someone to be skillfull and actually detach the root off the plant, therefore cutting of the plant's primary source of moisture, it requires steady maintenance. Therefore most gardeners use 'mist sprays' on their planted cut stems for the first two week before the plant forms new roots.

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The environmental impact on GM crops is important in regards to creating a more food secure countries. Genetically modifies crops can potentially fail to germinate and therefore organisms or other pests (that are good for the plant) that maybe beneficial to plants and reduce soil fertility. They can potentially transfer insecticidal properties or viruses to relatives of he crop species.

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Research the impact of plant cloning techniques in vineyards or fruit production. Find:
• Images of the techniques used to propagate the plants, such as cuttings, grafting and
layering.
• Why asexual reproduction is used, rather than allowing the crop to reproduce sexually
• How beneficial the cloning techniques have been
• Specific examples of each cloning technique
• Discuss possible impacts of plant cloning on the SDGs

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Stem cuttings
Many plants are propagated by stem cuttings. Gardeners normally use this process in summer or Autumn. For herbaceous plants they are normally cut in spring, as these plants are more actively growing in spring, so more root will quickly grown on their own.
There are several different types of stem cuttings, mostly depending on the part of the stem needed. At least one node (the point on a stem where leaves are attached and buds form) should be below the media surface. Although some plants roots at internodes (the space between nodes).
TIP CUTTINGS
Cut off 2-6 inch piece of stem, must include a terminal bud. Make an incision just below a node. Remove lower leaves that would touch or be below the medium. Gently remove excess cutting and hormones. Create a hole in the medium and insert the cutting deep enough to support itself.

There are many other way of cuttings for example, medial cuttings, cone cuttings, leaf cuttings and many more.

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Possible impacts of plant cloning on the SDGs 

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Possible impacts of plant cloning on the SDGs 

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In everything i have said already it is evident that plant cloning can help the SDGs.
Some of the SDGs, hunger, poverty and food insecurities are the most recurring problems in the world. There are many potential biotechnologies that are available and also many ways they can be applied. Genetic modification (GM) of crops demand particular attention. GM crops have genes from different species, could sometimes relieve global food shortages. Discovering GM crops there was much excitement about this- as they might provide bigger and better harvests for farmers but some people question the benefit of such crops. In addition, the majority of the public may not welcome the creation of 'super plants' as a viable option is ending global hunger.

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- 90% of the world's 13.3 million 'biotech crop farmers' are from developing countries
- India, with 7.6 hectares is the fourth among the 14 mega biotech crop countries.
- 5 million farmers in India are planting 7.6 million hectares of cotton which protects itself from insects without the need of external pesticides.
- The shift to  cotton has been possible because of the 31 per cent increase in its yield, 39 per cent decrease in insecticide use, and higher profits equivalent to $250 per hectare.

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Biotechnology scientists are often highly specialised and technique-focused which allows them to handle the complicated issue of hunger and food security which has grown rapidly in developing countries.
Biotechnology may be the answer for the developing world. It has the use of high-yielding, disease and pest-resistant crops can have the power to improve food security and stop poverty and improve environmental conservation. GM crops will hopefully produce more crop on less land, this can increase the overall produce may allow a sustainable amount of incoming produce to decrease hunger.