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A United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech and freedom of assembly.

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Libel is a written or published defamatory statement, while slander isdefamation that is spoken by the defendant.

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Libel is a written or published defamatory statement, while slander is the damage to another person that is spoken by the defendant.

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Makes anyone born on US soil a citizen and guarantees equal protection under the law.

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Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.

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The right to a trial by jury in civil cases for amounts of $20 or more.

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Seditious speech is speech directed at the overthrow of government. It includes speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders.

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The right to a fair and speedy trial by a jury of one's peers; to have witnesses and to give a defense.

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Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship.

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Protects rights of due process and the right to remain silent; double jeopardy

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Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement. For example, the concentration of African-Americans in certain neighborhoods produces neighborhood schools that are predominantly black, or segregated in fact (de facto), although not by law (de jure).

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Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause.

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Protects the peoples' right to bare arms.

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Freedom of Speech, Assembly, Press, Religion, and Petition.

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Supreme Court of the United States found that the passing of any state laws that establish a religious body is a direct violation of the United States Constitution.

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Prior restraint is censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression.

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“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.”

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Rational basis review is the normal standard of review that courts apply when considering constitutional questions, including due process or equal protection questions under the Fifth Amendment or Fourteenth Amendment.

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Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

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It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".

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Was an enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters.

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Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions.

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Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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The policy of promoting the education and employment of members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination.

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Literacy tests, along with poll taxes, residency and property restrictions and extra-legal activities (violence, intimidation) were all used to deny suffrage to African Americans.

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Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions

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Provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".

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Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.

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Supreme Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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Incorporation, in United States law, is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states.

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Symbolic speech is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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Probable cause is the standard by which police authorities have reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or the issuing of a search warrant.

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De jure segregation refers to the legal separation of groups in society.

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A suspect classification is any classification of groups meeting a series of criteria suggesting they are likely the subject of discrimination.

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Also known as Symbolic Speech, involves the communication of ideas through the combination of language and action.

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the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it.

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the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, together with that Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, form the constitutional right of freedom of religion.

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Based on constitutional law. The rule prevents evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights from being used in a court of law.