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It Is a networking device that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network by broadcasting all incoming data to all active ports.

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It Is a networking device that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network by broadcasting all incoming data to all active ports.

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1. Network hub                            -is a hub that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network.

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1. Network hub                            -is a hub that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network.

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2. USB hub                                   -is a hub that allows multiple peripherals to connect through a single USB port.

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2. USB hub                                   -is a hub that allows multiple peripherals to connect through a single USB port.

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-Cheap and simple                       -Can connect different media types  

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-Cheap and simple                       -Can connect different media types  

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-Half Duplex                                  -Wastes Bandwidth                       -Causes unnecessary traffic

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-Half Duplex                                  -Wastes Bandwidth                       -Causes unnecessary traffic

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It Is a networking device that connects hosts by receiving incoming data packets and redirects them to their intended destination.

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It Is a networking device that connects hosts by receiving incoming data packets and redirects them to their intended destination.

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• Full-duplex                                 • Keeps a record of MAC Address                                        • Prevents Bandwidth Waste    • Increases network size

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• Full-duplex                                 • Keeps a record of MAC Address                                        • Prevents Bandwidth Waste    • Increases network size

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It is a kind of networking device that interconnects two or more networks together by dividing LAN into different segments.

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It is a kind of networking device that interconnects two or more networks together by dividing LAN into different segments.

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For example, PC1 sends the data to PC2, the data will transmit to the bridge first. Then, bridge reads the MAC address & decides whether to transmit the data to segment1 or segment2. The PC2 is accessible insegment1, so the bridge will send the data in segment1 only & eliminates all the connected PCs in segment2. In this way, the bridge reduces traffic in a computer network.

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For example, PC1 sends the data to PC2, the data will transmit to the bridge first. Then, bridge reads the MAC address & decides whether to transmit the data to segment1 or segment2. The PC2 is accessible insegment1, so the bridge will send the data in segment1 only & eliminates all the connected PCs in segment2. In this way, the bridge reduces traffic in a computer network.

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• Reduces network traffic.            • Prevents bandwidth waste.      • Keeps a record of MAC Addresses.  

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• Reduces network traffic.            • Prevents bandwidth waste.      • Keeps a record of MAC Addresses.  

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• Expensive                                  • Slower than hubs 

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• Expensive                                  • Slower than hubs 

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is a network device that replicates andamplifies a received signal to anextended geographical area.

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is a network device that replicates andamplifies a received signal to anextended geographical area.

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1. Wi-Fi Repeater                        - is used to extend the coverage area of your Wi-Fi network.

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1. Wi-Fi Repeater                        - is used to extend the coverage area of your Wi-Fi network.

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2. Network Repeater             The specific characteristic of this is that whatever it receives it transmits to the other LAN segment. This does not understand the frame format and also physical addresses. In other words, it is a transparent device. Therefore, multiple LANs connected by repeaters may be considered as a single LAN. 

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2. Network Repeater             The specific characteristic of this is that whatever it receives it transmits to the other LAN segment. This does not understand the frame format and also physical addresses. In other words, it is a transparent device. Therefore, multiple LANs connected by repeaters may be considered as a single LAN. 

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3. Telephone Repeater               - is used to amplify signals to support and carry long distance calls.

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3. Telephone Repeater               - is used to amplify signals to support and carry long distance calls.

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5. Radio Repeater                       - this is used to extend the coverage of a radio signal.

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5. Radio Repeater                       - this is used to extend the coverage of a radio signal.

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➤ It amplifies the signal.        ➤ It does not affect the performance of the networkwhen it’s performing its task on the signal.              ➤ Repeaters can be used in different mediums forreception and transmission. ➤ It does not increase or decrease the network traffic.         

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➤ It amplifies the signal.        ➤ It does not affect the performance of the networkwhen it’s performing its task on the signal.              ➤ Repeaters can be used in different mediums forreception and transmission. ➤ It does not increase or decrease the network traffic.         

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➤ It is not possible to connect different network architectures using repeater. For this router or gateway is needed.              ➤ The number of repeaters to be used are limited between two ends. More repeaters create noise on the wire which results into packet collisions or problems in the packet detection.                                  ➤ Repeaters do not perform filtering of the data.        

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➤ It is not possible to connect different network architectures using repeater. For this router or gateway is needed.              ➤ The number of repeaters to be used are limited between two ends. More repeaters create noise on the wire which results into packet collisions or problems in the packet detection.                                  ➤ Repeaters do not perform filtering of the data.        

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- is a networking device thatallows devices to send andreceive data over theinternet by convertinganalog signal into a digitalsignal and vice versa.

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- is a networking device thatallows devices to send andreceive data over theinternet by convertinganalog signal into a digitalsignal and vice versa.

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- is a networking device that connects computers andother devices to the Internet by acting as a dispatcherthat chooses the best route for the packets to travel.

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- is a networking device that connects computers andother devices to the Internet by acting as a dispatcherthat chooses the best route for the packets to travel.

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1. CABLE MODEM                       - is a modem that uses coaxial cables to provide cable TV and high-speed internet access. 

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1. CABLE MODEM                       - is a modem that uses coaxial cables to provide cable TV and high-speed internet access. 

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2. DSL Modem                                 - is a modem used to transfer digital signals over standard telephone lines.                                  

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2. DSL Modem                                 - is a modem used to transfer digital signals over standard telephone lines.                                  

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3. USB Modem                            - is a portable modem (known as a dongle) that plugs directly into a USB port and uses a SIM-card to connect to the internet.

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3. USB Modem                            - is a portable modem (known as a dongle) that plugs directly into a USB port and uses a SIM-card to connect to the internet.

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• High transmission speed        • Supports different media types      

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• High transmission speed        • Supports different media types      

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• Vulnerable to malware and hackers                                              • Expensive   

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• Vulnerable to malware and hackers                                              • Expensive   

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It routes or passes the internet connection to all devices connected to it by distributing data packets to the intended destination using the IP addresses of each device.

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It routes or passes the internet connection to all devices connected to it by distributing data packets to the intended destination using the IP addresses of each device.

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1. Wired Router                                      - are typically box-shaped devices that connect directly to computers via "hard-lined"or wired connections.

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1. Wired Router                                      - are typically box-shaped devices that connect directly to computers via "hard-lined"or wired connections.

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2. Wireless Router                                - is a router that distributes internet connection through one or more antenna(wireless access points).

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2. Wireless Router                                - is a router that distributes internet connection through one or more antenna(wireless access points).

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3. Brouter                                     - is a combination of bridge and router.- It can forward data between networks (serving as a bridge), but can also route data to individual systems within a network (serving as a router).    

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3. Brouter                                     - is a combination of bridge and router.- It can forward data between networks (serving as a bridge), but can also route data to individual systems within a network (serving as a router).    

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4. Modem Router                                  - is the most common router used nowadays.- it is a router with built-in usb port and Ethernet ports.

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4. Modem Router                                  - is the most common router used nowadays.- it is a router with built-in usb port and Ethernet ports.

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• Communicate across networks                                      • Keeps a record of IP Address • Prevents Bandwidth waste     • Increases network size                                  

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• Communicate across networks                                      • Keeps a record of IP Address • Prevents Bandwidth waste     • Increases network size                                  

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• More expensive                        • Security risks         

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• More expensive                        • Security risks         