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An organism that changes overtime; as in living species descending with changes from the oldest organism

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evidence of a very ancient plant or animal that is preserved

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how able an organism is to survive in an environment, thus how likely they are to reproduce

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characteristics that are inherited from past generations making survival a much higher likelihood

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Natural Selection (Survival of the fittest):

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Natural Selection (Survival of the fittest):

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both mean the same thing: organisms that are the best equipped for an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

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one species is the ancestor or the oldest creature of two/ more species later in time; all things living come from common ancestors

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same in structure, implying a common ancestor; the structure is different in mature forms of various organisms but from the same embryonic tissue

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when two organisms have different structures but have a similar function; NOT inherited from common ancestors

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an organ that has reduced in size and has no function to the body; ex. appendix

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type of natural selection where one extreme trait is favored over one intermediate trait; one end of distribution has a higher fitness than the middle or other end

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type of natural selection where the average becomes more common (less genetic diversity); the highest fit individuals are in the center

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type of natural selection where two extreme traits are favored over the intermediate trait; individuals in the lower and higher end are more fit than intermediate

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random change in numbers (chance event) of gene variations (alleles) especially in small populations

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reduction in genetic variation (alleles) when a small number (subgroup) or individuals from a large population establishes a new colony;

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change in genetic variation (allele) frequency when there's a dramatic drop in the size of population

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one species splits into two or more species; formation of new species

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biological properties of organisms/ separation of specie population that prevent interbreeding and a fertile offspring

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form of reproduction isolation where populations have differences in rituals or behavior that prevent interbreeding

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form of reproductive isolation where two populations are separated by physical barriers like a river or mountain

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type of reproductive isolation where two population reproduce at different time stooping interbreeding

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a species or population that has died out and cannot be found on earth

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organisms that are unrelated that independently evolve the same traits when adapting to similar environments

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two species evolve due to the changes to each other