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Advantages:

Limited liability

Longevity

Ability to raise capital

Disadvantages:

Reporting requirements

Cost and complexity in setting the business

Managerial demands

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1. Entrepreneurship - Tony Ryan founded the company with a singlr craft and made the decision decisively in the coming troubles.
2. Capital - the aircrats he bought or rent; and it raised money by selling parts of its share to investors
3. Labour - including pilots,, crews, and managers etc.

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1. Entrepreneur - The manager tried to make money by creating a new business model which is ‘no-frills’ operator, when this airline was facing financial problem. This involves taking much more financial risks than usual.

2. Disturbance handler – They managed to push its lowest fares from £99 to just £59. During this, they had to deal with pressure from all sides. The launch of Europe’s first low fares airline is bound to disrupt the balance of the market. Managers need to sort out the mess and try to maintain market balance.

3. Resource allocator – Break original air travel service tradition by redistributing the human and material resources to provide only essential light service operator.

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The manager has made the following measures to improve the customer experience:
1, update the website
2, allow passengers to bring an extra small item on board.

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1.Land – The airport
2.Labour – Captain, flight attendant, administrative staff, etc.
3.Capital – Aircraft
4.Entrepreneurship – Ryan founded the company and led the company to grow.

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Public limited company advantages

1.Raising capital through public issue of shares

The most obvious advantage of being a public limited company is the ability to raise share capital, particularly where the company is listed on a recognised exchange.

2.Widening the shareholder base and spreading risk

Offering shares to the public gives the opportunity to spread the risk of company ownership among a large number of shareholders. This may allow early investors in the company to sell some of their own shares at a profit while still retaining a substantial stake in the company.

3.Growth and expansion opportunities

As well as share capital, a public limited company will often find itself in a better position when looking at other potential sources of finance.

Public limited company disadvantages

1.More regulatory requirements

To help protect shareholders, the legal and regulatory requirements for a public limited company are more onerous than for private limited companies.

2.Higher levels of transparency required

Limited companies, whether public or private, have more of their details in the public domain, available via Companies House, than other business types. But the required level of transparency is much higher for public companies.

3.More vulnerable to takeovers

At worst, a company can become vulnerable to a hostile takeover if a majority of shareholders agree to a bid. With shares being freely transferable, a potential bidder can build up a shareholding in advance of launching a bid attempt.

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1. making the customer service experience better, for example by innovating the website and allowing customers to carry more small items.
2. When the company was first established, the managers actively competed in the industry, for example by changing the company's business.
3. The managers chose to be open and innovative in the way they ran the company, turning it into a public limited company selling company shares and opening new routes.
4. The manager keeps an eye on changes in the industry and continues to be innovative by targeting and refining services, such as finding new bases and routes in response to popularity.

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1. Improve customers' experiences: more attractive official website providing and a free carry-on baggage allowance.

2. The lowest price supply. The lower price attracts more customers under supply and demand analysis; for an individual flight, they have similar fixed costs but very few variable costs. The occupancy rate will have a significant influence on profit. For the company, passenger flow volume will decide the number of flights. So, the removal of unnecessary products is another value-added process.

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strategy- senior managers (including Michael O’Leary, who is now Chief Executive) decided Ryanair would be a ‘no-frills’ operator.

market change- Ryanair management saw this as an opportunity to open new routes between Dublin and continental Europe, which they did very quickly.

Resource allocator – They break original air travel service tradition by redistributing the human and material resources to provide only essential light service operator.