# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Visual focus is on faraway objects
- Learn more through large muscle activity and constructive play
- Energetic and active; need time for running, jumping, climbing, and dancing.
Social and Emotional Development:
- Friendly, talkative, "bubbly"; love being with friends
- Love learning to work together
- love school "jobs" such as taking attendance or putting out snack
Communication Development:
- Very talkative
- Imaginative; love dress-up; enjoy experimenting with language, delighting in big words, long explanations
Learning:
- learn best by moving large muscles; need to play and explore
- Constantly reading their environment; labeling objects that children frequently see or use gives them many opportunities to practice.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Better control of running, jumping, and other large movements
- Usually pace themselves well; will generally rest before they are exhausted
- Visual focus is on objects close at hand.
Social and Emotional Development:
- Want verbal permission from adults; can pace themselves while doing a given task
- can sit and work quietly for fifteen to twenty minutes at a time.
Communication Development:
- use and interpret words in their literal or most basic sense
- More complex in their imaginative expression the fours
- Express themselves in few words; "play" and "good"
Cognitive Development:
- Often see only one way to do things
- Have a developing sense of time
- Imagination can be vivid, which can lead to believing toys and other objects are real
Learning:
- Learn phonics in small groups with children at similar skill levels
- Practice writing numbers
- Take part in active structured playground games in PE, at recess, or in the regular classroom.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Often more comfortable standing up to work, even at their desks
- Enjoy being active both inside and outdoors
- Children at this age are teething, so they often chew on pencils, fingernails, hair, books, and other objects.
Social and Emotional Development:
- Proud of their accomplishments and highly competitive
- Tremendous capacity for enjoyment
- Care a great deal about friends; may have a best friend
Communication Development:
- Use boisterous and enthusiastic language
-Love jokes and guessing games that the whole class can engage in
- Enjoy explaining things and sharing about things they like
Cognitive Development:
- Very curious; love discovery, new ideas, and asking questions
- Love to color, paint, read, and write
- Comfortable with a busy level of noise and activity
Learning:
- Continue partner reading
- Use writing, drawing, clay painting, drama, or blocks to show their thoughts and feelings about a story

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Like confined spaces
- Improved coordination for both gross and fine motor skills
- Work with head down on desk, often covering or closing one eye
Social and Emotional Development:
- Often have a best friend, although their best friend might frequently change
- Will rely on adults for help and constant reassurance
- Have strong likes and dislikes
Communication Development:
- Listen well and speak precisely
- Show great interest in meanings of words
- Secret codes, Morse codes, and pig latin can engage children at this age
Cognitive Development:
- Like to collect, sort, and classify
- Still like to be read chapter books by teachers and parents
- Like to repeat tasks; like to review learning verbally or frequently touch base in other ways with their teacher
Learning:
- Have time for individual reading
- Have choices in how they represent learning
- Work with one partner rather then groups

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Eyes focus well on objects near and far
- Play hard and tire quickly
- Better control of hands; can learn and use cursive writing if its being taught.
Social and Emotional Development:
- Love to share humor
- Like to socialize, often in the midst of individual or group work
- Want peers' approval as much as the teachers
Communication Development:
- Vocabulary continue to expand rapidly
- Generally able to pay attention
Cognitive Development:
- Full of ideas
- Beginning to master handcrafts, computers, and drawings
- Usually organize work well
Learning:
- Work in groups reading trade books or in core reading programs keyed in their abilities and interests
- Increased ability to spell correctly; readiness to learn compound words

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Better coordination is evident in most all physical activity
- Like to push their physical limits, but tire easily
- Benefit from practice with a variety of fine motor tools and tasks
Social and Emotional Development:
- More individualistic
- Very competitive
- Likes to negotiate
Communication Development:
- Love descriptive language, word play, and new vocabulary
- Enjoy and use technology and range of social media to express ideas and thoughts
Cognitive Development:
- Able to copy from board, recopy assignments, and produce visually attractive final drafts.
- Able to manage more then one concept at a time
- Beginning to be more aware, wondering about and exploring a bigger world of ideas
Learning:
- Continue working in reading groups
- Use and practice fine motor skills through printing, drawing, and crafts that require fine motor coordination

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Large Muscles for jumping, running, and other bog movements are developing quickly.
- Has control of small muscles movements
- Frequent snacks ad rest periods benefit the rapidly growing bodies.
Social and Emotional Development:
- Quick to anger but also forgive
- Generally happy and friendly; enjoy family, peers, and teachers
- Appreciate being noticed and rewarded for their actions
Communication Development:
- Listen well; enjoy talking and explaining, and can appreciate others perspectives.
- Read eagerly, is as important to their daily schedule as independent homework
Cognitive Development:
- Usually conscientious with homework
- Enjoy choral readings, singing, poetry, and plays
-Can concentrate for long periods of time
Learning:
- read trade books centered on theme
- Master multiplication tables
- Get plenty exercise

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Restless and very energetic
- needs lots of food and physical activity
- Girls: early adolescence growth spurt Boys: rapidly growing taller
Social and Emotional Development:
- Heavy users of social media
- behave best when away from home
- love the challenge of competition
Cognitive Development:
- would rather new skills them improve old ones
- enjoy the challenge of reasonably hard work
- becoming more adapt at abstract thinking and deductive reasoning
Ethical and Self-direction Development:
- Able to see the world from others perspectives
- Like to challenge rules and test limits
- Class meetings, peer meditation, and cross age tutoring can be highly effective in resolving issues
Learning:
- Take week long reading assignments, still using trade books
- Willing to practice writing

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Have growth spurts
- Stay up late then want to sleep late, may have trouble getting to school on time
- very energetic, need lots of exercise to rejuvenate their oxygen-hungry brains.
Social and Emotional Development:
- Adult personality begins to emerge
- Capable of self-awareness, insight, and empathy
- May make new friendships with classmates they have not been friends with before
Cognitive Development:
- More able to think abstractly about complex moral issues
- May begin to excel at a subject
- Increasingly able to plan, organize thoughts and work, and set short-term goals
Ethical and Self-direction Development:
- Able to see both sides of an argument, but still argue one point of view
- Appreciate teachers who listen and respond to their suggestions
- Both playful and serious; love to play class games but can have a serious discussion a moment later
Learning:
- Work with partners in peer conferences and projects
- Have choices in what they do
- Take part in formal debates

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
-  Lots of physical energy
-Skin problems are common; hygiene becomes more important
- Most girls are menstruating and have reached almost full physical development
- Most boys are showing first signs of puberty
Social and Emotional Development:
- Pay close attention to peers
- moody and sensitive
- Spend hours using social media or playing video games
Cognitive Development:
- Likes and dislikes become more pronounced
- Think about many sides of an issue or solutions to a problem
- Continued growth in abstract reasoning
Ethical and Self-direction Development:
- Interested in issues of fairness and justice
- May need more support then twelves
- Can think globally, but often cannot put ideals into practice in day-to-day life
Learning:
- Consider and debate many sides on an issue
- Help create rubrics for self-evaluation work
- Plan service projects like food drives or community cleanups

# data[].attributes.body
Physical Development:
- Needs lots of exercise, snacks, and sleep
- Girls are almost fully developed
- Both boys and girls are more interested in sex; some are sexually active
Social and Emotional Development:
- Enjoy talking about current events
- learn well install discussions or coorperative learning groups
Cognitive Development:
- Respond well to academic variety
- Better at figuring out cause and effect
- Like learning how things work; thrive on field trips to favorites and science museums
Ethical and Self-direction Development:
- More willing to admit an error
- Peer pressure may lead them to feel that excelling at school is uncool
- May develop distinct sense of humor
Learning:
-  Need to move around and take regular stretch breaks
- Take on academic challenges and propose projects
- They begin to explore potential career interests through classes, projects, and after-school activities