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Water supply has always been a a primary challenge since the beginning of civilization. Where there wasn't any water sources, or water structures enough to sustain the population, they fall to prey to disease, dehydration, and death in most extreme cases. (Outwater, 1997, pg 4) Though technology has increased the distance the population can settle from fresh water, the availability of fresh and clean water will remain a limiting factor on the density and size of population centers, and will probably remain so in the future. Every civilization and empire has found an innovative way of getting and using water more convenient.

Green DFW:

Greensource DFW says on the issue of water conservation and sources of water supply that as the population in DFW grows the issue increases. Water suppliers suggest more reservoirs but reservoirs negatively impact habitats and land use in the area.

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Greece Empire: The empire of Greece was the first civilization to use clay pipes for sanitation and water supply. The had an organized water system for bringing in clean water, taking out waste water and storm sewage canals for overflow when heavy rain was present. The first use of a flush toilet, was also one of the first uses of it's kind, and in addition to sophisticated water and sewer systems they devised elaborate heating systems. Other parts of the empire, they also used an indoor plumbing system, used for pressurized showers. Their Greek inventor, Heron, devised a pressurized piping for fighting fire in the City of Alexandria. Roman Empire: The highly advanced Roman waterway systems known as the aqueducts, are one of the greatest remaining achievements of the ancient empires. The running water, indoor plumbing and sewer system had carried away diseases from the from the population. The aqueducts were built from a combination of brick, stone, and the special volcanic cement pozzuolana. Though the structure remains visible, the great majority of the water system ran below underground, stretching for approximately 260 miles, and 30 miles are the above-ground visible, mammoth arched structures.

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The Persian Empire was located in southwest Asia, and northwest Africa. The Persian Empire quickly rose to power through unifying its nation, through religion. Zoroastrianism is the specific religion that assembled the people of Persia. Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion that “emphasized the importance of personal moral choice in picking one side or the other, with a last judgment eternally deciding the fate of each person” (Stearns, 2011,pg 84). The Persian religion is stronger in a sense of spiritualism, than the Greeks religion.  At Persia’s peak, the empire held up to fourteen million people. Now with all these people, irrigation was needed. So the Persians created dams to control flow of water, and flow different canals to cities or towns.
Guptan Empire:

The Gupta Empire was located in southern India and only expanded to south India. In this empire cities were constructed in the side of plateaus, mountains, or near rivers. Particularly within river cities, the Guptas created canals to transport water to other cities for improved transport and trade, to increase economic wealth. Another reason was for irrigation. These irrigation canals would flow water within cities for mass populaces to be supplied with water, in cities.

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In the southeast area of DFW, counties affected by extreme drought consist of Mexia, Fairfield, Centerville, Franklin, Marlin, Palestine and Cameron. The surrounding areas of previously named counties are affected by severe drought, counties such as Temple, Killeen, and other counties such as Gainesville, Sherman, Denton, and McKinney. The remaining counties are affected by moderate and abnormal droughts, such as Paris, Cooper, Grenville, Sulphur Springs, Rockwall, Kaufman, Weatherford, Hamilton, Breckenridge, Graham, Cleburne, Goldthwaite.

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From 2010 to 2060, the population of DFW is expected to roughly double. It will go from 6.6 million to 13.1 million. This will count up to 28.5 percent of the state population. so 1/4 of the population, the water use though will increase 87%, from 1.8 million acre-feet per year in 2010, to 3.3. million acre-feet in 2060.

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Nowthe Sawd Juicer will drain 400 gallons of water for each acre of land a farmer
has. Plus accounting the fact that the average acreage of a average farmer in
Texas is 568 acres. So if you take the amount of water you get from an acre and
multiply that by the amount acres you get the weight of the water you’ll get. After
this divide it by 8, to reduce that number to a capacity measurement of
gallons. Than that quotient will be the amount of gallons you receive from your
crop land.

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Texas Farmland:

The total area of Texas farmland, is more than 78% of Texas. That is a hundred thirty million plus acres of lands. This amount of land and hay adds up millions of gallons of water.

Sawd Juicer:

The Sawd Juicer is a machine that intakes unharnessed stalks of crop, and essentially juices and churns the reused stalks into hay bales and water. The first step is all hay will be put onto a continuous track, like a treadmill. This leads all the stalks into the churning system. This system is a set of blades pointing in opposite directions of each other.  They all rotate in a stationary position, as if like a blender. Then the churning system will end as once as it smart sensors detect no remaining weight on the tracks. Then a total of four high velocity fans will blow all the minced stalks down to the bottom of the churning bowl. Now, there will be two grates at the bottom of the churning bowl, which leads to the next step. Once the blades stop spinning, these two grates or strains will compress the mulched stalks and drain any fluids from the mulch. Then the bottom grate will dump the mulch on opposite sides of the churning silo.  Now the stalks fluids run into a long yet narrow trough system. This long trough has multiple filters including stone, and man-made polyester filters. For every 5 acres if land, it makes 3 bales of hay. Each hay is approximately 30 pounds dry, and 80 pounds wet, filled with water. The water tank will be made to supply the operator. With every 30 pounds of bale of hays, it is 80 pounds wet. That is 50 pounds of water, which is in 5 acres of land which is 5 gallons of water. With over 130 million acres of land that is, over 5 million gallons of water, and the process is repeated constantly through the season, estimating over 10 to 15 million gallons of water supplied for Texas.

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1. B. J. Dermody, R. P. H. van Beek, E. Meeks, K. Klein Goldewijk, W. Scheidel, Y. van der Velde, M. F. P. Bierkens, M. J. Wassen, S. C. Dekker. A virtual water network of the Roman world. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2014; 18 (12): 5025 DOI: 10.5194/hess-18-5025-2014 2. Staff, News. "The Hydrological Rise And Fall Of The Roman Empire." Science 2.0. Science Blogging, 11 Dec. 2014. Web. 20 Sept. 2015. <http://www.science20.com/news_articles/the_hydrological_rise_and_fall_of_the_roman_empire-151031>.

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Outwater, Alice. Water: A Natural History. 1997. Print. Nardo, Don Roman Roads and Aqueducts Lucent Books 2000

AP World History: World Civilizations

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Gwynne, S. C. "The Last Drop." Texas Monthly. Texas Monthly, Feb. 2008. Web. 17 Sept. 2015. Webmaster, FWD. "National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office." Drought Information. National Weather Service, 14 Sept. 2015. Web. 20 Sept. 2015. <http://www.srh.noaa.gov/fwd/?n=drought>. European Geosciences Union (EGU). "Water’s role in the rise and fall of the Roman Empire." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 11 December 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141211090608.htm>. Frontinus, Sextus Julius. The Stratagems and the Aqueducts of Rome, ed. by Bennett, Charles E; Herschel, Clemens; McElwain, Mary B. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1961. Juvenal. Satires, ed. by Humphries, Rolfe. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, 1958. Suetonius. Lives of the Caesars, trans. by Edwards, Catharine. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2008. Tacitus. The Annals and The Histories, ed. by Hadas, Moses, trans. by Church, Alfred John and Brodribb, William Jackson. The Modern Library: New York, 2003. Vitruvius Pollio. The Ten Books on Architecture, ed. by Morgan, M. H. Dover Publications: New York, 1960.