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1. Adjectifs courts - Adjectifs longs

Tous les adjectifs d'une syllabe sont des adjectifs courts. (Ex : nice / cool / old / tall)

Les adjectifs de 2 syllabes finissant par –y, - ow, - er sont considérés comme étant courts. (Ex : narrow / funny / clever)

Note : Les adjectifs courts se terminant par -er et -ow peuvent faire leur comparatif en -er ou en more + adj :

narrow ==> narrower ou more narrow

clever ==> cleverer ou more clever

Les autres adjectifs de 2 syllabes ou plus sont longs. (Ex : dangerous / pleasant /expensive)

Il existe 3 comparatifs : le comparatif de supériorité, d'égalité, et enfin d'infériorité.

a) Comparatif de supériorité

- Pour les adjectifs courts : adjectif + er + than

This father is taller than his children. Ce père est plus grand que ses enfants.

- Pour les adjectifs longs : more + adjectif + than

My T-shirt is more colourful than yours. Mon T-shirt est plus coloré que le tien.

b) Comparatif d'égalité

Pour le comparatif d'égalité, on ne fait plus la différence entre adjectifs courts et longs : as + adjectif + as

That suitcase is as heavy as the box. Cette valise est aussi lourde que la boîte.

c) Comparatif d'infériorité

Pour le comparatif d'infériorité également, on ne fait plus la différence entre adjectifs courts et longs : less + adjectif + than

Asterix is less fat than Obélix. Astérix est moins gros qu'Obélix.

Ex pour farther et further : This house is farther than that one (géographiquement)

Go further in your reasoning ( imagé)

Consigne :

Mettre les adjectifs au comparatif indiqué.
Attention de ne pas oublier 'than' ou 'as' + pour supériorité - pour infériorité = pour égalité

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COMPARATIF1. Adjectifs courts - Adjectifs longsTous les adjectifs d'une syllabe sont des adjectifs courts. (Ex : nice / cool / old / tall)Les adjectifs de 2 syllabes finissant par -y, - ow, - er sont considérés comme étant courts. (Ex : narrow / funny / clever) Note : Les adjectifs courts se ter...

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Rosie the Riveter was the star of a campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for defense industries during World War II, and she became perhaps the most iconic image of working women. American women entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers during the war, as widespread male enlistment left gaping holes in the industrial labor force. Between 1940 and 1945, the female percentage of the U.S. workforce increased from 27 percent to nearly 37 percent, and by 1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home.

Rosies in the Workforce

While women during World War II worked in a variety of positions previously closed to them, the aviation industry saw the greatest increase in female workers.

More than 310,000 women worked in the U.S. aircraft industry in 1943, making up 65 percent of the industry's total workforce (compared to just 1 percent in the pre-war years). The munitions industry also heavily recruited women workers, as illustrated by the U.S. government's Rosie the Riveter propaganda campaign.

Based in small part on a real-life munitions worker, but primarily a fictitious character, the strong, bandanna-clad Rosie became one of the most successful recruitment tools in American history, and the most iconic image of working women in the World War II era.

Did you know? Though women who entered the workforce during World War II were crucial to the war effort, their pay continued to lag far behind their male counterparts: Female workers rarely earned more than 50 percent of male wages.

In movies, newspapers, propaganda posters, photographs and articles, the Rosie the Riveter campaign stressed the patriotic need for women to enter the workforce. On May 29, 1943, The Saturday Evening Post published a cover image by the artist Norman Rockwell, portraying Rosie with a flag in the background and a copy of Adolf Hitler's racist tract "Mein Kampf" under her feet.

Though Rockwell's image may be a commonly known version of Rosie the Riveter, her prototype was actually created in 1942 by a Pittsburgh artist named J. Howard Miller, and was featured on a poster for Westinghouse Electric Corporation under the headline "We Can Do It!"

Early in 1943, a popular song debuted called "Rosie the Riveter," written by Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb, and the name went down in history.

Who Was Rosie the Riveter?

The true identity of Rosie the Riveter has been the subject of considerable debate. For years, the inspiration for the woman in the Westinghouse poster was believed to be Geraldine Hoff Doyle of Michigan, who worked in a Navy machine shop during World War II.

Other sources claim that Rosie was actually Rose Will Monroe, who worked as a riveter at the Willow Run Bomber Plant near Detroit. Monroe also was featured in a promotional film for war bonds.

And Rosalind P. Walter from Long Island, New York, is known to be the Rosie from the popular song by Evans and Loeb. Walter was, in fact, a riveter on Corsair fighter planes.

But the most credible claim on Rosie's legacy came from Naomi Parker Fraley, who was photographed working in the machine shop at the Naval Air Station in Alameda, California. In the 1942 photo, she is sporting a telltale polka-dotted bandana. Fraley passed away in January 2018.

WACs

In addition to factory work and other home front jobs, some 350,000 women joined the Armed Services, serving at home and abroad. At the urging of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and women's groups, and impressed by the British use of women in service, General George C. Marshall supported the idea of introducing a women's service branch into the Army.

In May 1942, Congress instituted the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps, later upgraded to the Women's Army Corps, which had full military status. Its members, known as WACs, worked in more than 200 non-combatant jobs stateside and in every theater of the war.

By 1945, there were more than 100,000 WACs and 6,000 female officers. In the Navy, members of Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) held the same status as naval reservists and provided support stateside. The Coast Guard and Marine Corps soon followed suit, though in smaller numbers.

WASPs

One of the lesser-known roles women played in the war effort was provided by the Women's Airforce Service Pilots, or WASPs. These women, each of whom had already obtained their pilot's license prior to service, became the first women to fly American military aircraft.

They ferried planes from factories to bases, transporting cargo and participating in simulation strafing and target missions, accumulating more than 60 million miles in flight distances and freeing thousands of male U.S. pilots for active duty in World War II.

More than 1,000 WASPs served, and 38 of them lost their lives during the war. Considered civil service employees and without official military status, these fallen WASPs were granted no military honors or benefits, and it wasn't until 1977 that the WASPs received full military status.

Impact of Rosie the Riveter

The call for women to join the workforce during World War II was meant to be temporary and women were expected to leave their jobs after the war ended and men came home. The women who did stay in the workforce continued to be paid less than their male peers and were usually demoted. But after their selfless efforts during World War II, men could no longer claim superiority over women. Women had enjoyed and even thrived on a taste of financial and personal freedom-and many wanted more. The impact of World War II on women changed the workplace forever, and women's roles continued to expand in the postwar era.

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Rosie the Riveter - Real Person, Facts & Norman Rockwell

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Rosie the Riveter was the star of a campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for defense industries during World War II. Artist Normal Rockwell's cover image of Rosie, made in 1943, became, perhaps the most iconic image of working women.

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Time present and time past
Are both perhaps present in time future,
And time future contained in time past.

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Ghetto blaster boomboxes introduced the world to a new style of listening to music. For the first time, we could take our tunes with us on the move, listen to the radio wherever we liked, and we never had to compromise on volume.
The ghetto blaster is a crucial part of audio history.

In recent years, as manufacturers have begun to design more durable, weather-proof versions of their leading audio products, the ghetto blaster is enjoying a resurgence.

However, the eye-catching modern devices we have today are often a world apart from the clunky machines of decades gone by.

The cassette deck and CD player is often replaced with things like Alexa smart speaker access and a Bluetooth connection. Blocky designs are giving way to huge cylindrical machines, complete with colour changing effects.

While the style of the ghetto blaster may be changing, however, the underlying soul of the device remains the same. The boombox is still a mainstay of any outdoor event. The bigger your machine, the larger your personality, and the more volumeyou can unlock.

Here's your insight into the past, present, and future of the ghetto blaster.

Ghetto blaster boomboxes: An innovation in portability

70s Ghetto blasters and boomboxes in the 80s existed long before pocket-sized radios were a possibility. Part of the era before the iPod, the MP3 player, and even the Walkman in some cases, people needed a way to take the clunky tech of an audio system with them outside.

The ghetto blaster sprang to life in 1969, introducing a large, yet still (somewhat) portable machine with multiple loud speakers. The Philips company was the first to discover the tech required to make audio "portable".

In the early days, most people referred to these products as boomboxes. The name, in part, referred to the heavy, box-like design of the machine. Plus, most boombox radios also came with a bass-enhancing codec, which meant you got plenty of boom.

So, what is a ghetto blaster?

The name alone is enough to conjure an image of one of these products. In the 70s, 80s, and early 90s, most ghetto blasters were large, angular (box-shaped) devices.

While the features available from a ghetto blaster have changed over the years, they usually include:

An amplifier (with extra bass support)

Two loudspeakers (volume is a must)

A radio tuner (AM, FM, and sometimes DAB)

A cassette or CD player

A handle for portability

The cassette tape and CD player components of the modern ghetto blaster are quickly being phased out. Although you can find a new ghetto blaster with CD player components these days, it's more common to simply play your music collection via Bluetooth.

Ghetto blasters need to be loud, versatile, and portable. In the past, designers used to slap a handle on a blocky machine and leave customers to figure out the rest.

This frequently led to people carrying ghetto blasters on their shoulders to make managing the weight a bit easier.

Today, more modern ghetto blasters from companies like JBL and Sony are a little more ergonomic. Some products come with straps so you can carry your radio like a backpack.

Others feature unique designs that make carrying the machine on your shoulder more comfortable.

80s ghetto blasters and the identity of an era

While Ghetto blasters in the 70s and 60s were available, it wasn't until the 1980s when popularity surged. The ghetto blaster became the icon of a generation, acting as both a practical tool, and a status symbol.

Today, we still see boomboxes as a component of the 80s and early 90s aesthetic. Many leading artists use ghetto blasters in their music videos. Just look at "Hung Up" by Madonna, or "Just Dance" by Lady Gaga.

So, why did the ghetto blaster suddenly surge into the mainstream in the 1980s? There are a few answers to this question.

In the 80s, cassette ghetto blaster products were often associated with urban society. African American and Hispanic youths frequently carried ghetto blasters with them wherever they went.

In fact, the popularity that boomboxes had in this environment is what helped them to earn their new term "ghetto blaster".

As is often the case when music incites a community, cities began to ban boomboxes from public places. Unlike standard radio sets, governments didn't have complete control over what people listened to on their ghetto blasters.

It was just as easy to listen to your own cassettes and CDs as it was to tune into Kiss FM.

Ghetto blasters in the 80s grew in popularity as a versatile way to listen to all kinds of music. Some groups even started using these portable players to create music.

The boombox became instrumental to the rise of hip hop music. Curb-side rap battles often included a number of ghetto blasters. The fact that ghetto blasters could deliver more bass and volume than a standard speaker made it perfect for the rise of a new genre.

Aside from providing the soundtrack to many urban music battles, ghetto blasters also became a status symbol. The Beastie Boys embraced the ghetto blaster as a signature of their "rebellious" nature. The Clash alwaysseemed to have a boombox with them.

Elsewhere, the devices appeared frequently in shows and movies. Just think of Fame, in the 1980s, or Flash dance, for instance.

Even the National Museum of American History once created an exhibition around ghetto blasters. The event, titled "Hip-Hop won't stop" featured an insight into the impact boomboxes had on the urban underground.

What happened to ghetto blasters in the 1990s?

As ghetto blasters earned more popularity around the world, they also became more complex in functionality and design. By the end of the 80s, ghetto blasters frequently came with separate high/low-frequency speakers.

You could also access secondary tape decks so that you could record off the radio and other music systems.

Over the years, manufacturers introduced a host of new features, from balance adjusters and equalisers, to Dolby noise reduction tools, LED sound gauges, and CD players. Despite all of this extra functionality, ghetto blasters in the 1990s weren't as popular as they used to be.

The problem wasn't with the technology of ghetto blaster boomboxes. Rather, customers didn't see the objects as capturing as much soul as their predecessors. Sometimes, when things in our history go "mainstream", their impact can feel a little watered down.

Manufacturers jumped to add new bells and whistles to their systems to ensure that customers could have the latest and greatest tech. Unfortunately, the old-fashioned feel of the ghetto blaster wasn't there.

On top of that, in the 2000s, when the ghetto blaster started to take on more high-tech functionality, it seemed to lose its retro appeal.

The popularity of 80s ghetto blasters was about more than just what these systems could do. People loved the portability and impact of the boombox. However, it was the stigma attached to the device that really made having a boombox exciting.

At the same time, towards the ends of the 80s, the Walkman from Sony was beginning to earn attention.

People felt less inclined to risk the issues of carrying a boombox in public. After all, you could have all your music on the go with a Walkman, and you didn't need to spend as much. In the 90s, an appreciation of music became a more personal, inward experience.

People weren't as keen to blast their music in public places. We started to think of radio, CDs, and other audio experiences as more personal affairs.

Even some of the more popular modern ghetto blasters available on the market today are equipped with headphone jacks for that very purpose.

The rise of the modern ghetto blaster

The ghetto blaster of days gone by is often regarded a relic of history today. Think back to the 80s, and you're sure to have an image in your mind of a ghetto blaster with cassette player functionality and a unique chrome trim.

While many people still have a place in their heart for old-fashioned boomboxes, it's safe to say that the older models did have their issues.

Equaliser settings seemed to make absolutely no difference to the sound quality. The chunky and blocky design meant carrying your ghetto blaster was a real headache. That's particularly true if you had extra cassette recorders and speakers to think about.

On top of all that, ghetto blasters also had a major problem with battery life. These portable devices often required a huge number of batteries. Filling a device full of 10-12 D batteries could leave it weighing anywhere up to 26 pounds.

Many of the updates appearing in the new ghetto blaster market come with a focus on correcting the key issues of days gone by. As society continues to embrace the idea of "public music" again, ghetto blasters are seeing a resurgence.

However, today's consumers don't want to deal with the old gripes of their parents.

Cassettes might have been the perfect way to store and carry music back in the 70s and 80s when they were small and cheap - but they're not going to have the same impact now.

People want the freedom to stream their music digitally through USB sticks and Bluetooth connections instead.

You may occasionally encounter a CD ghetto blaster which gives you the option to play older audio formats. However, it's more common to find a portable device that looks more like a massive speaker than a CD player these days.

The modern ghetto blaster combines radio and Bluetooth to introduce something more portable than anything we had in the past.

Aside from fixing old issues, today's ghetto blaster manufacturers also have new opportunities to introduce capabilities we couldn't imagine before.

In the 70s, you never would have been able to imagine a speaker that could respond to your voice, rather than using buttons. Yet, somehow, smart speakers are everywhere today.

In the 80s, a sudden storm or downpour of rain would be enough to destroy a ghetto blaster. Today, we've got systems with powerful waterproof ratings to ensure that you never have to worry about unpredictable weather.

The resurgence of the ghetto blaster boombox

We've come a long way from the days of the original 70s ghetto blasters, and the iconic boomboxes of the 80s. Today's devices rarely come with cassette playing functionality.

What's more, most of the portable music players you'll find today are much more lightweight than their counterparts.

However, you can still find a handful of products on the market designed to take you back to your nostalgic roots.

For instance:

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1. The Roxel RCD-S70BT

Probably one of the most affordable new ghetto blaster options on the market. The Roxel RCD-S70BT comes with a price tag under £50, but it still features everything you might need from a portable audio device.

If you want to play your own music, you can choose between using the in-built CD player or the Bluetooth connection. There's also an aux-input for a wired phone connection.

The Roxel also comes with a CD player, and FM radio, so you can choose multiple ways to listen. All that, and you get a remote control so you can manage your music from a distance.

Roxel's boombox features some of the highest reviews on the market today, and it comes with a one year warranty, for extra peace of mind.

Features include:

Lightweight design with handle

MP3 playback via USB or aux-in

Bluetooth connectivity

CD player

FM radio

Remote control

LCD display

Affordable pricing

Battery powered

One-year warranty

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2. GPO Brooklyn

If you're looking for a new ghetto blaster that pays homage to the unique style of the 80s, check out GPO. The GPO Brooklyn is a stunning retro-style boombox with its own CD and cassette player.

On top of that, you also get access to FM and DAB radio, and a Bluetooth connection too. This fully portable music system gives you everything you need to listen to all of your music.

GPO have built a ghetto blaster with all the retro style of a device from the 80s, along with the modern appeal of new technology.

Just like with older ghetto blasters, you can even use the GPO Brooklyn to record your own content. You can record to a USB or a cassette, depending on your needs. Plus, there's an option to attach some extra speakers to the boombox for more volume.

Features include:

Unique retro ghetto blaster design

Works with external speakers

Aux cable and USB connection

FM, DAB, and DAB+ radio

Bluetooth streaming available

Top-loading CD player

Cassette player

Portable battery-powered design

2 40-watt speakers

Support for up to 4 hours of playback

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3. AUNA Ultrasonic

An excellent insight into the unique features that modern ghetto blasters include, the AUNA ultrasonic boombox is a portable radio and light show.

Aside from FM radio, you also get a Bluetooth connection that covers over 10 metres, and a USB input so you can connect your flash drives too. There's an LED colour play display, so you can take the party to the next level.

What's more, there's even a microphone input for karaoke too.

One of the more diverse boomboxes on the market, this highly-portable device comes with everything you need to create your own music bottles on any sidewalk.

This would have been a perfect product to have on hand back in the days of rap battles and the rise of hip hop popularity.

Features include:

LED effects with multi-colour lights

Bluetooth streaming

USB and AUX cable connection

Portable lightweight design

FM radio

Microphone for karaoke

Excellent battery life

The enduring style of the ghetto blaster

The ghetto blaster didn't fade out with the 80s. Boomboxes aren't relegated to historical displays in museums - although you might see them in an exhibition from time to time.

Part of the history of ghetto blasters will mean that they're always associated with a specific time and genre.

However, there's still a demand for boombox technology today.

From huge devices that can stream radio over Wi-Fi and play content via Bluetooth, to products that mimic the unique aesthetic of ghetto blasters from the 80s, boomboxes still exist.

The important thing to remember is that the ghetto blaster is now a part of an environment where the smartphone has given us access to everything we need at the touch of a button.

In a world where we can check out radio stations by visiting a website, or listen to thousands of songs through an app, there's no need for a substantial blocky machine that plays tape cassettes. Portable music is now something that we all have access to.

Unlike any other moment in history, we now have more control over what we can listen to.

That doesn't mean that the time of the boombox is totally over. There are people out there who will love the idea of having their own retro-style ghetto blaster in their home.

You might even want to invest in a more durable ghetto blaster so you can take your music with you and achieve higher levels of volume than you'd get from a standard Bluetooth speaker.

However, the bulky ghetto blaster isn't the only option for portable music anymore. We've discovered solutions that are more efficient, and practical.

For the most part, people who buy ghetto blasters today are the ones that have a nostalgic relationship with the older machines of the past. We buy ghetto blasters for their enduring style, and their connection with an era that we want to be reminded of.

Do you have a ghetto blaster?

There's no denying that boomboxes still play a part in our audio environment. The difference is that the machines we know and love today are a world apart from the ones we used to use in years gone by.

The good news is that even if you do want to bask in the nostalgia of a more "retro" ghetto blaster, you can. There are plenty of products out there ideal for adding a touch of 80s style to your home.

On the other hand, you can discover the benefits of the modern boombox, and discover the new advantages of things like more durable designs and Bluetooth streaming.

For more insights into the history of radio and audio, check out some of the other articles we have here at Radio Fidelity. Alternatively, check out our reviews for an overview of some of the most popular boombox radios on the market today.

Radio Fidelity: For the love of radio.

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The Story Of The Ghetto Blaster: An Icon In Audio History

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Ghetto blaster boomboxes introduced the world to a new style of listening to music. For the first time, we could take our tunes with us on the move, listen to the radio wherever we liked, and we never had to compromise on volume. The ghetto blaster is a crucial part of audio history.

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