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-This system was made wanting younger unmarried women that loom spin thread and weave cloth, they were paid more then most women of the time period.

-They were provided with time to takeclass and they even had their own magazine.

- Still this was a hard mill because of their long work hours and health problems it caused.

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-This is when the groups of low income craft people grouped together to make a union for better pay and work conditions also this meant lots of striking.

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-changes in Britain lead to a higher demand for manufacturing
- infrastructureand population both grew
-industrial revolution - a period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s.

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-Textile- cloth items
-before the industrial revolution it took a lot of hands to spin a little thread
- water frame- large thread spinning device  created by Richard Arkwright. It could product thousands of cotton threads all at once. It used water as its source of power.
-the textile improvements happen in 1769 in England

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- in the 1700s most people were farmers
-there were few workers
- workers include: blacksmiths, carpenters,  and shoemakers

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- British made it illegal for mechanics to migrate because they wanted to protect the English machinery plans

- disguised as a farmer, Samuel Slater ran away from Britain and came to the US

- he contacted Moses Brown, an American mechanic, and told him he know how to improve American machinery.

- they worked together to create better for effective cotton thread industries

- in 1793 they open there first mill in Pawtucket Rhode Island

- in 1798: Slater built his own company to build mills

- north started to but a lot of textile mills

- south didn't build as many because they focused on agriculture.

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• Whitney had proven that American inventors could improve upon the new British technology.
• Machines that produced matching parts soon became standard in industry.
• Interchangeable parts sped up mass production, the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods.

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• Treasury Albert Gallatin believed that few people would choose to work in a factory if they could own their own farm instead.
• In Great Britain, land was more scarce and more expensive than in the United States.
• Lower British prices made it difficult for many American manufacturers to compete with British companies.
• In February 1815, New Yorkers celebrated the end of the War of 1812 and the return of free trade.

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no one complained about the hiring of children to work in factories.

Advancements in technology provided simple tastes in the mills that children could do.

Rhode Island system:  Slater’s strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks

Slatersville One of the first ever mill towns named after Samuel slater.

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-There became a lot of competition when I came tor jobs and now a lot  of the craft people didn't make as much money.

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TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION BRINGS CHANGE: 

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TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION BRINGS CHANGE: 

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Wealth gathered in the North as the national economy did exceptionally well. Population rates also skyrocketed as America took off.

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Sarah G. Bagley was a strong voice in the unions government

Sarah founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association in 1844 and publicized the struggles of factory laborers.

President Martin Van Burden had granted a 10-hour workday for many federal employees which many people supported.

In 1845 Sarah Bagley was elected as Vice President she was the fist woman to hold such a high position in the American labor movement.

Many states started passing the 10-hour workday laws.

The union ended child labor in factories during the 1800s

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• In the late 1790s the U.S. government worried about a possible war with France, so it wanted more muskets for the army.
• Factories needed better technology, the tools used to produce items or to do work.
• Inventor Eli Whitney gave officials a proposal for mass-producing guns for the U.S. government using water- powered machinery.
• He wanted to use interchangeable parts — parts of a machine that are identical.

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Petter Cooper designed a locomoive and raced it. This locomoive was Tom Thumb, and the speed sparked a railroad fever.
The challenges that engineers stumbled upon when building railroads only strengthened the locomotives. Solving conflicts such as the paths of the railroads and cost played into its development.
Railroad companies in America gained power due to it effecting other businesses (example is the transportation of goods).
Railroads resulted in unity and sped up transportation time, so therefore the risks were dismissed by passengers.

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Coal was a very important resource. Compared to wood, it was much cheaper and produced more energy.
The coal mining industry grew in multiple states.
Steel rose in popularity as well due to its strength and usage.
Steel on farmers: new tools
Transportation of crops was beneficial

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Transportation Revolution - A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new transportation.
-Reduced shipping time and costs
-Made possible by steamboat and steamtrain
-Enabled goods, people, information to travel across the United States

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Population increase lead to a demand for houses and paper (newspapers). The logging industry benefited from this.
Cities began to expand and transportation hubs then came along.

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1803 - Robert Fulton tested first steamboat design in France
-Full sized commercial steamboat called the Clermont was tested in the US
-Well suited for river travel, did not rely on wind power
-By 1850s, they were used to carry people and goods across the Atlantic Ocean

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1819 - Aaron Ogden sued Thomas Gibbons for operating steamboats in Ogden's "waters"
-Gibbens did not have a license, but said his federal license gave him the right to use the NY waterways
-Case reached Supreme Court in 1824, ended monopolistic control over waterways in several states
-Freed waters to greater trade and shipping

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-beginning of the industrial revolution: factories running on water power, but with new technical advances, they ran on steam.
-Customizable equipment and interchangeable parts were made
-steam advances were beneficial; they could be made anywhere and didn't have to be located near a body of water.

-The Northeast: US's most commonly used location for industry.

- Some companies were built near cities. helpful for the workers and allowed business at lower wages.

-Being in the city reduced shipping costs

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Telegraph - a device that could send information over wires across great distances.

Morse studied electricity and magnetism.

Telegraph sent pulses, or surges of electric current through wire.

Morse code - different combinations of dots and dashes that represent each letter of the alphabet.

Who? Samuel F.B. Morse

What did they do? He perfected the telegraph to send and receive messages.

When did they do it? In 1832

How does it work? The telegraph sends electric pulse that is controlled with a key. The telegraph conductor varies the length of the pulses to create a message in code. The code was called Morse code.

Why was it significant? It made communicating faster and easier.

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-Along with new technical advances in the factory came advances in farms as well

-A blacksmith named John Deere noticed that his friends were having a hard time plowing the thick soil with iron plows.

-He figured that a steel plow would work better, so in 1846, he began selling about 1,000 steel plows per year.

-In 1831, Cyrus McCormick made the mechanical reaper. It would quickly cut down wheat and he produced these in Chicago.

-In order to promote sales, his company would advertise, give demonstrations, and provide spare parts and repairs.

-McCormick and Deere's inventions were very beneficial to the harvest in the Midwest.

-Because of this, the farmers were harvesting more than 170 million bushels of wheat and 800 million bushels of corn per year.

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-new advances in the industrial revolution made life much easier

the sewing machine, for example, was made by Elias Howe, who was a factory apprentice in Lowell, Massachusetts

-Isaac Singer then made changes to this machine. He was like McCormick and allowed costumers to buy machines and also provided service

-In 1860, singers company was the worlds biggest maker of sewing machines

In the 1830's iceboxes became popular as well. Iceboxes helped to store fresh foods.

-Iron cookstoves soon started replacing the cooking fires and stone hearths

-Companies also started to mass produce things early inventions. this helped families buy household items, like clocks, that they couldn't afford previously.

-Ex: 1800's clock costs $50, 1850's clock costs $1.50

-Matches (1830's) and safety pins (1849) were also created