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1.http://www.phonologicalawareness.org/phoneme
2.http://www.readingrockets.org/reading-topics/phonemic-awareness
3.http://www.sightwords.com/phonemic-awareness/

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https://lincs.ed.gov/publications/pdf/PRFbooklet.pdf
https://www.georgiastandards.org/Georgia-Standards/Frameworks/ELA-Kindergarten-Standards.pdf

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Phonemic awareness is an going learning assessment throughout kindergarten and first grade. Kindergarten focuses on oral activities such as rhyming, match words with blended sounds, and blending words into sounds. First grade is more advance, it focuses on blending the sounds together,  segmentation, and the substitution and manipulations of sounds. To effectively teach phonemic awareness students must be taught to notice, think about, and work with the manipulatons of sounds in the spoken language.
Examples:

Rhyming | What word rhyme with "hit"? sit

Phoneme blending | Children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the

phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read the word.

Teacher: “What word is /h/i/t/?"

Children: “/h/ /i/ /t/ is hit.”

Teacher: “Now let’s write the sounds in hit: /h/, write h /i/, write i; /t/, write t.”

Teacher: (Writes hit on the board.) “Now we’re going to read the word hit.”

Phonemic segmentation | What are the sounds in "cat"? /k /a /t /

Onset/ Rime| Onset: the first initial sound in a word "cat". -C  Rime: mulnipulations of sounds "cat". -at

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Phonemes- a small unit of sound.
Phonological Awareness- ability to identify syllables and individual words.
Syllables- pronuncation of words that contain a vowel, with or without constants.
Rime- mulnipulations of sounds.
Onset- the first initail sounds.

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Phonemic Awareness: Phonemic awareness is the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words. Before children learn to read print, they need to become aware of how the sounds in words work. They must understand that words are made up of speech sounds, or phonemes.

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ELAGSE1RF2: Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).
ELAGSE1RF2: C. Blend and segment onsets and rimes of single-syllable spoken words.