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Identity is "the cornerstone of this individual's unique development" (Eirkson, 1956, p. 57).

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"Complete mastery over a conflict is not necessary, but a positive resolution allows for the emergence of one’s personal and social identity" (Stevens & Patel, 2015, p. 160).

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At each stage of development came a challenge. How people "met these challenges or accomplished these life tasks formed their competencies, values, emotional attitudes and sense of identity or self" (Maccoby, 2002, p. 36).

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Eirkson, E. H. (1956). The problem with ego identity. Journal of the
Psychoanalytic Association, 4, 56-121.
Maccoby, M. (2002). Toward a science of social character. International
Forum of Psychoanalysis, 11, 33-44.
Santrock, J. W. (2013). Children (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Stevens, S. & Patel, N. (2015). Viewing generativity and social capital as
underlying factors of parent involvement. School Community Journal
25 (1), 157-164.

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60s onward- reflect on life

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40s-50s- helping younger generation

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20s-30s- intimate relationships pursued

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10-20 years- discovering different roles in life

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6 years- puberty- enthusiastic about learning

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3-5 years- responsibility

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1-3 years- independence and punishment

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Infancy- trust in caregivers

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Each stage of development comes with a crisis that must be solved.

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eight stages of development