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1. The flag of Wales is known as Y Ddraig Goch, which means "The Red Dragon" in Welsh. It features a red dragon passant (walking) on a green and white field. The flag is divided into two halves, with the upper half being white and the lower half being green. The red dragon in the center is a symbol of Wales and has been associated with the country for centuries.

2. The population of Wales is approximately 3.2 million people.Wales is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, and its population is concentrated in areas such as Cardiff, Swansea, and Newport. The population has been relatively stable in recent years, with small growth due to migration and birth rates.

3. Wales is divided into several distinct regions, each with its own unique geography, culture, and history

1. North Wales

Known for its rugged landscapes, including the Snowdonia National Park, which contains Mount Snowdon.

This region has a strong Welsh-speaking population, particularly in areas like Gwynedd and Anglesey.

Major towns and cities Bangor, Wrexham, Llandudno.

Mid Wales

This area is known for its picturesque countryside, rolling hills, and small market towns.

It's less densely populated than other parts of Wales and is an area where Welsh language and culture are still very much alive.

Major towns: Aberystwyth, Llandrindod Wells, Newtown.

South Wales

Home to the capital city, Cardiff, which is the largest city in Wales and a hub for Welsh culture, business, and government.

This region includes the industrial heartlands of the South Wales Valleys, which were historically known for coal mining and steel production.

The coastal cities like Swansea and Newport are also significant urban centers.

Brecon Beacons National Park and Pembrokeshire Coast are important natural landmarks.

West Wales

Known for its beautiful coastline, including parts of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park and Cardigan Bay.

The region has a strong cultural identity with a mix of rural communities and coastal tourism.

Carmarthen, Aberaeron, and Haverfordwest are key towns.

4. English

English is the dominant language in Wales, spoken by the majority of the population. It is used in most day-to-day communication, education, business, and government.

Welsh (Cymraeg)

Welsh is a Celtic language native to Wales and has a long history in the country. While the number of Welsh speakers has declined over the centuries, efforts to revive and promote the language have been increasingly successful.

Around 20% of the population (approximately 600,000 people) can speak Welsh, though the number of daily speakers is lower. The language is most commonly spoken in North Wales and parts of West Wales.

Welsh is a protected language in Wales and has official status in the country. This means that public services, signage, and education are available in both English and Welsh, and the Welsh Government supports the promotion of the language.

5. The main religion in Wales is Christianity, with the majority of the population identifying as Christian. However, religious observance and affiliation in Wales have seen a significant decline over the years, as is the case in much of the UK and Western Europe.

6. The arts in Wales have a long and rich history, deeply embedded in its culture and identity. Welsh arts are known for their strong connections to language, folklore, and the dramatic landscapes of the country. The arts scene in Wales encompasses a wide variety of forms, including literature, music, theatre, visual arts.

7. Wales has a rich culinary tradition, with a variety of distinctive dishes that reflect its agricultural heritage and coastal resources. Many Welsh dishes are hearty, comforting, and use locally sourced ingredients like lamb, leeks, seafood, and dairy.

8. Wales is a country with a rich cultural heritage, and this is reflected in its vibrant festivals that celebrate everything from music and literature to food, traditions, and the Welsh language. Here are some of the most notable festivals in Wales:

Eisteddfod Genedlaethol (National Eisteddfod of Wales)

Green Man Festival

Hay Festival

Welsh International Classic Motor Show

Wales Comic Con

St. David's Day Celebrations

Brecon Jazz Festival

9. Wales is a part of the United Kingdom, and it shares borders with England to the east. The other countries that make up the United Kingdom include Scotland to the north and Northern Ireland to the west, across the Irish Sea.

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1) The flag of Bangladesh has a green field with a red circle slightly off-center towards the hoist side. The green background represents the lush landscape of Bangladesh and the hope and vitality of its people. The red circle symbolizes the sun rising over Bengal and the blood of those who sacrificed their lives for Bangladesh's independence.

2) The population of Bangladesh is approximately 174.3 million. The country has a population density of around 1,333 people per square kilometer. The median age is around 25 years, indicating a relatively young population overall.

3) Bangladesh is divided into eight major administrative divisions. Each division is named after the major city. For instance, Barishal, Chattogram, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Mymensingh and Sylhet.

4) The main language of Bangladesh is Bengali or Bangla, which is spoken by many people of the population as their first language. Bengali is also the official language and it used in government, education, media, and day-to-day communication throughout the country.

5) The main religion in Bangladesh is Islam, with around 91% of the population identifying as Muslim. Most Bangladeshi Muslims follow Sunni Islam, though there is also a small Shia community, mainly concentrated in urban areas. Bangladesh is the third largest Muslim majority country in the world, after Indonesia and Pakistan.

6) The arts of Bangladesh encompass a rich blend of traditional, folk, and modern forms, deeply influenced by the country’s history, religion, and cultural diversity. For example, visual art, literature, performing arts, film and crafts.

7) Bangladeshi cuisine is rich in flavors, often defined by the use of spices, rice, lentils, and fish, which are key staples in Bangladeshi households. Popular dishes include fuchka, haleem,chotpoti,bhuna and paratha.

8) Bangladesh celebrates various festivals such as durga poja, pohela boishakh,pahela falgun,nabanna and many more.

9) Bangladesh shares borders with India on three sides (west, north, and east) and Myanmar to the southeast. To the south, it has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal.

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FLAG OF THE COUNTRY

As part of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (formed in 1816), the Banda Oriental which would eventually become the country known as Uruguay was originally under the blue-white-blue horizontally striped flag raised by General Manuel Belgrano in 1812. However, like many other Argentine provinces, Uruguay developed a flag of its own. The earliest example, dating from January 13, 1815, had a red horizontal stripe added in the centre of each blue stripe. On August 25 of that year, the flag was changed to equal horizontal stripes of blue-white-red.

POPULATION

The estimated population of Uruguay in 2024 is 3,459,000. Uruguay has a population density of 46.3 people per square mile, which is less dense compared to its neighboring countries, Argentina and Brazil. The demographic trends in Uruguay show lower birth and population growth rates compared to other Latin American countries. Approximately one-fifth of the population is under 15 years old, and nearly another one-fifth is aged 60 and older.

REGION

Uruguay is a country in the southeastern region of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere on the Atlantic seaboard of South America between 53 and 58 west longitude and 30 and 35 south latitude to the south, it fronts the Río de la Plata, a broad estuary that opens out into the South Atlantic. Montevideo, the capital and major port, sits on the banks of the Río de la Plata and is on approximately the same latitude as Cape Town and Sydney.

MAIN LANGUAGE

Spanish is the official language of Uruguay. It is spoken by almost 99% of the population. You may be surprised to learn that Portuguese, Italian and English are also spoken in Uruguay. Also, Uruguay has a Spanish dialect called Rioplatense Spanish. If we count Spanish along with Rioplatense, Italian, Portuguese, Portuñol, and English, there are six major languages spoken in Uruguay.

MAIN RELIGION

Nearly half of the people are at least nominally Roman Catholic. About one-third of the population adhere to other Christian faiths or are nondenominational Christians. About one-sixth of Uruguayans are agnostics or atheists. Jews, mostly in Montevideo, make up a small minority, which is nevertheless one of the larger Jewish communities in South America.

ARTS

Uruguay's arts scene is rich and diverse, reflecting its cultural heritage. Visual arts are highlighted by Joaquín Torres García and a vibrant contemporary community, with notable institutions like the Museum of Visual Arts in Montevideo. The music landscape features traditional genres such as candombe and murga, particularly during Carnival, alongside a strong tango presence. Notable literary figures like Mario Benedetti explore themes of love and social issues, while the theatre scene offers a mix of classic and modern performances. Various cultural festivals, especially Carnival, celebrate the country's artistic expressions, making Uruguay a vibrant hub for art enthusiasts.

FOOD

Uruguayan cuisine is undeniably meaty; beef, chicken, pork and lamb are widely consumed, often barbecued as a traditional asado. Uruguayans have a sweet tooth, too, and you’ll find all manner of sugary snacks sold as street food, the creamy dulce de leche sauce or spread as an accompaniment to pretty well anything. But in recent years, a sophisticated and much more eclectic foodie scene has sprung up in Montevideo and beyond. You’ll find craft beers, artisanal gins using locally foraged botanicals, subtly flavored cheeses, and hand-roasted coffee.

FESTIVAL

Uruguay is known for its vibrant cultural festivals, with Carnival being the most significant celebration. Carnival in Uruguay is celebrated during the week preceding Lent and is a major cultural event that showcases the country's rich traditions and diverse heritage. The festival features parades, music, and dance, with the candombe being a prominent folk dance performed mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. This dance is a key highlight of the Carnival festivities. Uruguay's festivals are a reflection of its European influences, particularly Spanish and Italian, and are characterized by a strong sense of community and cultural pride.

NEIGHBOUR COUNTRY

South America's second smallest country, Uruguay is bordered by Brazil and Argentina and lies along the Atlantic Ocean.

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1. Flag of the Country:

The flag of Nepal does not have a specific name; it is simply referred to as the "flag of Nepal." It is often described by its distinctive shape and symbols, but it doesn't have a formal title like some other national flags.

The flag of Nepal is unique in that it is the only non-rectangular national flag in the world. It consists of two stacked triangles. The flag is predominantly crimson red, which symbolizes bravery, and the blue border represents peace and harmony.

In the upper triangle, there is a white moon, while the lower triangle features a white sun. The moon is often interpreted as representing the calmness of the Nepalese people, while the sun symbolizes their fierce resolve. The flag's design is rooted in the country's rich history and culture, and it has been officially adopted since 1962. The combination of these elements reflects the identity and aspirations of the Nepalese people.

2. Population:

As of 2023, Nepal's estimated population is around 30 million people. Nepal has experienced significant population growth, the growth rate has been gradually declining in recent years. Efforts in family planning and education have contributed to this trend. A significant portion of the population is young, with a median age of around 24 years. This youth demographic poses both opportunities and challenges in terms of education, employment, and social services.

3. Region:

Nepal is divided into three main regions: the Terai, Hill, and Mountain regions. The Terai is a flat, fertile lowland area with a subtropical climate, predominantly agricultural. The Hill Region features rolling hills and major cities like Kathmandu, known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse ethnic groups. The Mountain Region includes the Himalayas, home to Mount Everest, with a harsh climate and unique traditions among ethnic groups like the Sherpas. Each region contributes to Nepal's diverse landscapes and cultures.

4. Main Language:

The main language of Nepal is Nepali, which serves as the official language. It is an Indo-Aryan language and is spoken by a majority of the population. Nepali belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is written in the Devanagari script, which is also used for several other languages in the region, including Hindi and Sanskrit. There are various dialects of Nepali, influenced by regional variations, but the standard form is based on the dialect spoken in the Kathmandu Valley. Nepali is not only a means of communication but also an important aspect of national identity and culture, reflecting the history and heritage of the country. Its also an important aspect of national identity and culture, reflecting the history and heritage of the country.

5. Main Religion:

The main religion in Nepal is Hinduism, which is practiced by approximately 81% of the population. It plays a crucial role in the country's culture, traditions, and festivals, with major celebrations like Dashain and Tihar. Key sites, such as the Pashupatinath Temple, are significant to Hindu worship. While Hinduism is dominant, Nepal is also home to other religions, including Buddhism and Islam, fostering a spirit of religious tolerance. Overall, Hinduism is integral to Nepal's national identity and daily life.

6. Arts:

Nepal boasts a rich artistic heritage encompassing visual arts, architecture, performing arts, literature, and craftsmanship. Traditional art forms include Thangka painting and intricate wood carvings, while pagoda-style temples showcase distinctive architecture. Folk music and dance play a vital role in cultural celebrations, and Nepali literature reflects deep social and spiritual themes. Handicrafts like weaving and metalwork highlight the skills of local artisans. Overall, the arts in Nepal are a vibrant expression of its diverse culture and history.

7. Food:

Nepalese cuisine is diverse and varies by region, with rice being the main staple, often served with lentil soup (dal) and vegetables (tarkari) in a dish called dal bhat. Meat, especially chicken and goat, is popular, and momo (dumplings) is a beloved snack. The cuisine features a variety of spices and flavors, with pickles (achar) adding extra zest. Street food, such as chatamari and sel roti, is commonly enjoyed, and festive occasions showcase elaborate dishes and sweets. Overall, Nepalese food reflects the country's rich cultural diversity and culinary traditions.

8. Festival:

Nepal is home to vibrant festivals that reflect its cultural and religious diversity. Key festivals include Dashain, a major Hindu celebration symbolizing the victory of good over evil; Tihar, a five-day festival honoring animals and wealth; and Holi, the festival of colors marking the arrival of spring. Buddha Jayanti celebrates the birth of Siddhartha Gautama, while Indra Jatra features unique rituals in Kathmandu. Other notable festivals include Maghe Sankranti, marking the winter solstice, and Chhath, dedicated to the Sun God. Overall, these festivals showcase Nepal’s rich traditions and community spirit.

9. Neighbor Country:

Nepal is bordered by India to the west, south, and east, with a border length of about 1,751 kilometers. To the north, it shares a border with China, which extends approximately 1,414 kilometers. These neighboring countries play a crucial role in shaping Nepal's culture, economy, and international relations.

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WAN AHMAD SYAHMI BIN WAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (A24B2865)

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WAN AHMAD SYAHMI BIN WAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (A24B2865)

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Flag of the Country: The flag features four horizontal stripes: red (hoist side), green, white, and black. The red symbolizes bravery, green represents hope and joy, white signifies peace, and black represents strength and resilience.

Population: The UAE has a diverse population of approximately 9.3 million people, with around 80% being expatriates from various countries.

Region: The UAE is situated in the Middle East, specifically in the Arabian Gulf region, bordered by Saudi Arabia and Oman.

Main Language: Arabic is the official language, with English widely spoken, especially in business and tourism.

Main Religion: Islam is the official religion, with a majority of the population being Sunni Muslims. There are also communities of Shia Muslims and other faiths.

Arts: The UAE has a thriving arts scene. Traditional arts include calligraphy and weaving, while contemporary art has gained prominence, particularly with institutions like the Louvre Abu Dhabi and events like Art Dubai, which showcase local and international talent.

Food: Emirati cuisine features dishes like:

Al Harees: A wheat and meat dish cooked until creamy.

Machboos: A spiced rice dish similar to biryani.

Shawarma: Marinated meat wrapped in flatbread, popular across the region.

Falafel: Fried chickpea balls often served in pita.

Festival:

Eid al-Fitr: Celebrated at the end of Ramadan with communal prayers, feasts, and family gatherings.

UAE National Day: Celebrated on December 2nd with parades, fireworks, and cultural performances, marking the unification of the emirates in 1971.

Neighbor Countries:

Saudi Arabia: Shares a long border to the south.

Oman: Borders the UAE to the southeast, with access to the Indian Ocean.

Maritime boundaries: The UAE has maritime borders with Qatar and Iran across the Persian Gulf.

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MUHAMMAD DANIEL BIN MOHD HAMDAN (A24A3186)

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Flag of the Country

The flag of Belarus consists of two horizontal bands. Which is the top band is red, and the bottom band is green. On the other hand, the flag left side (hoist) is a vertical decorative pattern in red and white. The color red symbolizes the nation’s historical ties to past victories and struggles, while the green represents hope, spring, and the fields and forests of Belarus. Furthermore, the white and red pattern on the hoist is a traditional Belarusian ornamental design which emphasizes the country’s cultural heritage.

Population

As of 2024, Belarus has a population of approximately 9.1 million people with most citizens living in cities. The country’s population has been slowly decreasing due to low birth rates, aging population and emigration especially among younger people seeking opportunities in other countries.

Region

Belarus is divided into six regions known as "voblasts" along with the capital city, Minsk which has special administrative status. Moreover, Each region is named after its administrative center such as Minsk, Brest, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev, Vitebsk. Furthermore, each of these regions is further subdivided into districts, known as “raions”.

Main Language

The two official languages of Belarus are Belarusian and Russian. However, Russian is more commonly used in everyday life. Russian especially in urban areas and for official government and business purposes. Belarusian which is closer to the country’s cultural and historical roots is used more in rural areas, schools, media and literature.

Main Religion

The main religion in Belarus is Eastern Orthodox Christianity which is practiced by the majority of the population. Other religious communities in Belarus include Protestants, Jews and Muslims but they represent much smaller groups.

Arts

Belarus has a rich artistic heritage that blends folk traditions with influences from Eastern Europe, Russia, and Poland. The arts in Belarus cover various fields, including visual arts, music, theater and ballet, literature and folks craft.

Food

Belarusian cuisine is hearty and rooted in the country’s agricultural traditions. Key ingredients mainly include potatoes, meats (especially pork) and dairy products. Some popular Belarusian foods such as Draniki, Potato pancakes that often served with sour cream. Other than that, Machanka is apork stew that typically eaten with pancakes or bread. Belarusian food is known for its use of simple, local ingredients thus creating comforting and flavorful dishes.

Festival

Belarus has a many festivals that celebrate its cultural, religious and seasonal traditions such as Kupala Night (Ivan Kupala) which is a midsummer festival celebrated on July 6-7, with ancient pagan roots. People gather to light bonfires, dance, and jump over fires, symbolizing purification and fertility. Aside from that, Maslenitsa is a Slavic festival marking the end of winter.

Neighbour Country

Belarus shares borders with five countries that consists Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. These countries have influenced Belarus culturally, economly and historically

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1) The national flag of Macau have lotus flower and five star as their flag symbol. Actually, lotus is the floral emblem of Macau. The three petals represent the peninsula and two islands that make up Macau. The five pointed stars where the centre star is a larger star than the other four are those on the flag of China, it is refer to the region's relationship with China. Then, this flag also design consists of a light green field with a white lotus flower above the stylised Governor Nobre de Carvalho Bridge and water also in white. The flag was approved in 1993 by the National People's Congress and used for the first time in December 1999.

2) Macau or also known as Macao have a chinese population where about 95.7%. There are primarily Cantonese and some Hakka thus both are from nearby Guangdong Province. The remainder are of Portuguese or mixed Chinese-Portuguese ancestry.

3) Macau is located in southeast of China where it located across the Pearl River estuary from Hong Kong, Macau was until 1999 an overseas territory of Portugal while Hong Kong is British colony.

4) The official language of Macau are Chinese and Portuguese while Cantonese being most widely spoken. The official languages are used in government departments in all official documents and communications. English is generally used in trade, tourism and commerce.

5) Religion in Macau is represented predominantly by Buddhism and Chinese folk religions. During the period in which the city was under Portuguese rule (1557–1999) Macau people is a Catholic and they have church, but nowadays this religion was greatly declined.

6) For information, Macau is one of the world's most densely populated spots, Macau generates more revenue from gambling than anywhere else on the planet, including more than seven times the revenue generated by "The Strip" in Las Vegas. Therefore, there are many famous building that have in other country like Eiffel Tower in Paris, London Tower and other well-known building in the world. Macau rebuilt it in their country to attract tourist.

7) Food in Macau are as same as China but more to Portugese where they eat common delicacies like minchi, egg tarts, pork chop buns, ginger milk and almond cakes. Common cooking methods make use of various spices such as turmeric, coconut milk, and cinnamon to give dishes an extra kick of aroma and enhancement of taste. Macau also have many viral food from other country as this country always make event like Food Festival like Malaysia.

8) Macao boasts a unique festival culture, including such traditional Chinese celebrations as Lunar New Year, Feast of the God Tou Tei, the Tun Ng Festival (Dragon Boat Festival) as well as the important Western festivals of Easter, Procession of our Lady of Fátima, and Christmas. In addition, many large-scale international events are held in Macao. Then, this country also have famous festival for the blend of Portuguese and Chinese cultures and it is gambling industry, which includes Casino Lisboa, Macau, Sands Macau, The Venetian Macao, and Wynn Macau.

9) Macau share about 0.34 km (0.21 mi) long border with mainland China and a forty-kilometre-long coastline. The main border crossing between Macau and China is the Portas do Cerco (Barrier Gate) Frontier Checkpoint on the Macau side, and the Gongbei checkpoint on the Chinese side. Then, Zhuhai also a borders of Macao by land and looks upon Hong Kong across the sea. It connected by the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge thus Zhuhai also features stunning coastlines, and peaceful islands.

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1)Flag
- The flag of Ireland consists of three vertical stripes: green, white, and orange. The green represents the Gaelic tradition and the orange represents the followers of William of Orange. White is the peace between them.

2)Population
-Estimated population is about 5 million people.

3)Region
- Geography: Ireland is located in Western Europe, and it encompasses the majority part of the island of Ireland. It is one of the British Isles.

4)Principal Language
- Official Languages: Irish (Gaeilge) and English. English is the most spoken language.

5)Arts
- Cultural Heritage: Ireland has a great tradition in literature, music, and visual arts. Among its most acclaimed writers are James Joyce and W.B. Yeats, while among its famous musicians are U2 and Enya. The traditional Irish music, dancing, as represented by Riverdance, and narration play a significant role in its cultural identity.

6)Food
- Traditional Dishes: Common dishes include Irish stew, soda bread, colcannon, and seafood chowder. Most of the dishes require potatoes as an ingredient.

7)Festivals
- Major Festivals:
- St. Patrick's Day (March 17): Celebrated with parades, music, and cultural events.
- Ballydehob Jazz Festival: A celebration of jazz music in West Cork.
- Dublin Fringe Festival: A platform for new and innovative performance art.

8) Neighboring Countries
The only neighboring country is the United Kingdom, occupying the northern part of the island as Northern Ireland.

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1) The flag of Egypt features the red band symbolizes the Egyptians' bloods in the war against colonization. The white band symbolizes the purity of the Egyptians' hearts. The black band below the white symbolizes the manner in which darkness is overcome. The eagle symbolizes the strength, courage, and determination of the Egyptian people. The gold coating of the emblem represents power.

2) The current population of Egypt is 117,089,788. Egypt population is equivalent to 1.43% of the total world population. Egypt population is equivalent to 1.43% of the total world population. Approximately 90% of Egypt's population is Muslim, and some sources suggest this figure may be even higher.

3)Egypt is located on the northeast corner of the African continent. It is bordered by Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, the Red Sea to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north.

4)The official language of Egypt is Arabic (Bahasa Arab), and most Egyptians speak one of several vernacular dialects of that language. As is the case in other Arab countries, the spoken vernacular differs greatly from the literary language.

5) Egypt has approximately 90 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim and 10 percent is Christian. Scholars and NGOs estimate Shia Muslims comprise approximately 1 percent of the population. There are also small numbers of Dawoodi Bohra Muslims and Ahmadi Muslims.

6)Music and dance hold a prominent place in Egyptian folk culture where traditional instruments like the oud, tabla, and flute accompany various dance forms, such as the lively and rhythmic "Tanoura" dance or the elegant "Raqs Baladi" (belly dance), each telling stories and reflecting different aspects of Egyptian life. The art of ancient Egyptian Storytelling has been a cherished tradition, passing down myths, legends, and moral tales through generations. These stories often reflected cultural values, heroism, and societal norms.

7)Egyptian cuisine makes heavy use of poultry, legumes, vegetables and fruit. Egyptian dishes include rice-stuffed vegetables and grape leaves,hummus, falafel, shawarma, kebab, kofta, ful madames, mashed fava beans, koshary, lentils, pasta, molokohiyya, bush okra stew and eish baladi (pita bread).

8)The Egyptians pour into the streets, and major festivals of music, songs, and dance performances with delicious food and drinks take place, such as Coptic Orthodox Christmas, Abu Simbel Sun Festival (February), Coptic Orthodox Easter, Sham Ennessim, Ramadan, and Eid al-Fitr, Sandbox Music Festival, Eid al-Adha, El Hijra (Islamic New Year), Coptic Orthodox New Year (Coptic Christmas), Abu Simbel, Sun Festival (October), and Mild un Nabi.

9)Palestine, Sudan and Libya are Egypt's neighboring countries. In the west and south, it shares borders with countries on the African continent, while bordering on the Mediterranean Sea in the north and the Red Sea in the east.

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1) The flag of Tajikistan represents a rectangular cloth, which consists of three horizontal lines. The top line on the flag of Tajikistan is red, the middle line is white, and the lower line is green. The red line of the flag represents the sun, victory and a triumph. White line symbolises moral purity of the people and green colour on the flag embodies spiritual essence of Islam.

2) As of October 17, 2024 based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data ,the population of Tajikistan is 10,648,337. This makes Tajikistan the 91st most populated country in the world. The population density is 76 people per square kilometer, and the median age is 22.1 years.

3) Under the 1995 Constitutional Law on Procedure of Administrative-Territorial Organisation of the Republic of Tajikistan, the country is divided into two regions (vilojati), the Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous region (Pamir Mountains) and the capital city of Dushanbe. Collectively, the regions are subdivided into 13 cities (shahr) and 38 rural districts (dehot), while Dushanbe is subdivided into 4 intra-city districts, each with their own state government.

4) Tajik is the official language and is spoken by most people in Tajikistan. Russian is widely used for administration and business, but few speak it natively. Uzbek is the second most widely spoken language and is written in the Cyrillic script, unlike in Uzbekistan where Uzbek is written in a modified Latin alphabet.

5) The main religion in Tajikistan is Islam, with over 90% of the population identifying as Muslim. The majority of Muslims in Tajikistan practice the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam. Other religions practiced in Tajikistan include Christianity, Judaism, Baha'i, and Zoroastrianism.

6) Tajikistan has a rich tradition of arts and crafts that reflect the country's history, culture, and natural environment. Some of the most well-known Tajik arts and crafts include chakan embroidery, chubkori, kundal, carpet weaving, zarduzi, weaving and decorative carving.

7) The Tajik cuisine particularly uses lots of rice, bread, meat and dairy products. The national food and the Tajik dish par excellence. Plov is a rice preparation with carrot, onion and a characteristic seasoning. The next one is Qurutob which is a creamy mix of vegetables and flatbread. Shurbo also the most common meals in Tajikistan. Shurbo literally just means 'soup' in Tajik.

8) Tajikistan has many festivals, including Tajikistan's biggest annual festival, Nowruz is a spring festival that marks the beginning of the Persian New Year. The festival's roots are in Zoroastrianism, the religion of the Persians before they converted to Islam. The word "Nowruz" translates to "new day" in Farsi.

9) Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. It's separated from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. It borders Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east.

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1) Flag:
The flag of Peru has three vertical stripes: red on the sides and white in the middle. In the center, a shield designed before 1825 by José Georgiou Parades is featured. The shield is divided into three parts: the vicuña (Peru's national animal), the cinchona tree (source of quinine for treating malaria), and a horn of coins symbolizing the country’s mineral wealth.
2) Population:
As of July 1, 2024, Peru's population is 34,217,848, with 17,017,564 males and 17,200,284 females. The population density is 26.73 people per square kilometer, with a growth rate of 1.069%.
3) Region:
Continent: South America.
4) Main Language:
Spanish.
Indigenous languages like Quechua and Aymara are also spoken.
5) Main Religion:
Roman Catholicism (over 70% of the population).
Other religions, including evangelical Protestantism, are also practiced.
6) Arts:
Traditional Arts: Peru has a rich tradition of textile weaving, pottery, and silverwork, with influences from the Inca and pre-Inca civilizations.
Modern Arts: Known for mural paintings and sculptures, and a flourishing literary scene, particularly associated with Nobel Laureate Mario Vargas Llosa.
Music and Dance: Indigenous music, Afro-Peruvian rhythms, and Andean instruments like the panpipes and charango are integral to Peruvian culture.
7) Food:
Notable Dishes:
Ceviche: Fresh fish marinated in lime juice with onions and chili.
Drinks: Pisco Sour (national cocktail made from Pisco).
8) Festival:
Inti Raymi: A major Inca festival honoring the sun god, celebrated in June in Cusco.
Fiestas Patrias: Celebrated on July 28, marking Peru’s independence.
9) Neighboring Countries:
North: Ecuador and Colombia.
East: Brazil.
Southeast: Bolivia.

South: Chile.

West: The Pacific Ocean.

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1) The flag of Argentina, the flag of Argentina features three horizontal stripes: light blue at the top and bottom, and white in the middle. In the center of the white stripe is a golden sun, known as the Sun of May, which has a face and 16 rays. The design is said to symbolize the sky and clouds, with the sun representing the Inca sun god Inti and the fight for independence. The flag was first adopted in 1812, during the Argentine War of Independence from Spanish rule. The colors are often associated with the Virgin Mary, with blue representing her mantle and white representing purity. The flag has undergone a few variations throughout history, but the current design has been in use since 1818.

2) As of 2023, Argentina's population is estimated to be around 46 million people. The country has a diverse demographic, with a mix of ethnicities and cultures, predominantly influenced by European immigration, particularly from Italy and Spain. The population is concentrated in urban areas, with Buenos Aires being the largest city and the capital. For the most accurate and current figures, it's best to check official statistics or census data.

3) The country is divided into four regions: The Andes, the North, the Pampas, and Patagonia. The Pampas is the agricultural heartland.

4) The main language spoken in Argentina is Spanish. It's the official language and is used in government, education, and media. Argentine Spanish has its own distinct accent and regional variations, with some unique vocabulary and expressions. Additionally, there are communities where other languages are spoken, such as indigenous languages and immigrant languages.

5) The main religion in Argentina is Roman Catholicism, which has historically played a significant role in the country's culture and identity. Around 62.9% of the population identifies as Catholic, although religious observance varies, with many identifying culturally rather than being actively practicing.

6) The art of Argentina reflects the country's rich cultural diversity, blending indigenous traditions with European influences, especially from Spain and Italy. The art scene encompasses visual arts, literature, music, dance, theater, and film. Here's a look at some of the most prominent aspects of Argentine art.

7) Argentine food is a vibrant reflection of the country’s cultural diversity, influenced by indigenous traditions, Spanish colonization, and waves of European immigration, especially from Italy and Spain. The cuisine is known for its emphasis on high-quality meats, particularly beef, but also includes a wide variety of regional dishes, hearty comfort foods, and rich desserts. Such as Asado, Empanadas, milanesa, Choripán, Provoleta, Pizza, Pasta, Locro and others.

8) Argentina’s main festival is the Fiesta Nacional de la Vendimia (National Grape Harvest Festival), which takes place in Mendoza. This festival is considered one of the most important events in the country, celebrating Argentina's world-renowned wine industry.

9) Argentina shares its borders with five neighboring countries in South America which is Chile, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.

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The national flag of Canada, known as the “Maple Leaf” or “L’Unifolié” in French, features a red field with a white square at its center, which contains a stylized red maple leaf with 11 points. The flag has two vertical red bands on each side. The maple leaf symbolizes the country’s nature and environment, while the red and white colors represent Canada’s national colors.  It is the first flag to have been adopted by both houses of parliament and officially proclaimed by the Canadian monarchas the country's official national flag. The flag was officially adopted on February 15, 1965.  The flag has become the predominant and most recognizable national symbol of Canada.

The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total popularion of 36991981 an increase of around 5.2% over the 2016 figure. It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40 million in 2023 and as of 2024, Canada has an estimated population of approximately 40 million people. The population is spread across the country’s ten provinces and three territories, with the majority living in urban areas such as Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal.

Canada is divided into five main geographic regions which is Atlantic Provinces, Central Canada, Prairie Provinces, West Coast, Northen Canada.

Canada has two official languages. English is the most widely spoken language, particularly in provinces like Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta and second is France primarily spoken in Quebec, where it is the dominant language, but it is also spoken by communities in parts of New Brunswick, Ontario, and Manitoba. These two languages reflect Canada’s bilingual heritage and are used in government, education, and public services across the country.

Religion in Canada encompasses a wide range of beliefs and customs that historically has been dominated by Christianity. The constitution of Canada refers to God, however Canada has no official church and the government is officially committed to religious pluralism. Another religions in Canada which is Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Judaism, Indigenous, Paganism

Canada has a rich and diverse artistic heritage, shaped by its multicultural population, Indigenous traditions, and natural landscapes. For example, Indigenous Art: Canada’s First Nations, Métis, and Inuit peoples have long traditions of art that include carving, beadwork, painting, and textile arts. Iconic works include totem poles, Inuit soapstone carvings, and traditional masks.

There are many culinary practices and dishes that can be either identified as particular to Canada, such fish and brewis, peameal bacon, and ginger beef, or sharing an association with countries from which immigrants to Canada carried over their cuisine, such as fish and chips, roast beef, and bannock.

There are 200 major and numerous minor festivals are held in Canada each year. One of Canada's most famous festivals, the Calgary Stempede is a big rodeo western event that takes place in July every year. The Stampede is a major part of the Calgary's cultural identity. There are many celebration cultural in Canada such as National Indigenous Peoples Day, Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day, Canadian Multiculturalism Day, Canada Day and National Acadian Day are opportunities to celebrate our ethnic, linguistic, ethnocultural and regional diversity, which helps make Canada a truly inclusive and outward-looking country.

Canada’s neighbor to the south is the United States of America (USA). The two countries share the longest international land border in the world, stretching about 8,891 kilometers (5,525 miles). This border touches multiple provinces in Canada and several U.S. states. To the northwest, Canada also shares a maritime and land border with Denmark via Greenland, an autonomous territory of Denmark. This is the second smallest international border, located on Hans Island between Greenland and the Canadian Arctic. Finally, to the northeast, Canada is geographically close to Russia across the Bering Strait, though they do not share a direct border.

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1) The flag of Singapore features a red field with a white crescent moon and five white stars in the top left corner. The red symbolizes brotherhood and equality among all Singaporeans, while the white represents purity and virtue. The crescent moon signifies a young nation on the rise, and the five stars represent the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality. The design reflects Singapore's identity as a multicultural and harmonious society.

2) As of 2023, Singapore's population is approximately 5.8 million people which is 5,843,911. This includes both citizens and permanent residents, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates. Singapore population is equivalent to 0.07% of the total world population.

3) Singapore, a vibrant city-state in Southeast Asia, is characterized by its strategic division into five primary regions: the Central Region, East Region, North Region, North-East Region, and West Region. Each of these regions possesses unique attributes and contributes to the overall diversity of the nation.

4) In Singapore, the officiallanguage is English, which serves as the primary language for administration, education, and business.

5)Buddhism is the main religion in Singapore, as it has the largest number of adherents among the population. other religions that exist are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Taoism.

6) Singapore's arts scene is a vibrant reflection of its multicultural heritage and modern dynamism. Traditional arts like Chinese opera and Malay dance. Overall, the arts in Singapore are dynamic, supported by government initiatives and a strong community of artists and organizations.

7) Singapore is renowned for its diverse and flavorful cuisine. The famous foods in Singapore are satay, Hainanese Chicken Rice, Chili Crab, Roti Prata, Kaya Toast, Bak Kut Teh and I Ed Kachang. These dishes reflect Singapore's multicultural heritage and are widely available at hawker centers and restaurants.

8) Singapore hosts a variety of vibrant festivals that celebrate its multicultural heritage, including the Chinese New Year, Hari Raya Puasa, Deepavali, and the Mid-Autumn Festival. These events feature colorful parades, traditional performances, and cultural activities, showcasing the rich traditions of the diverse communities. Additionally, the Singapore Arts Festival and the Singapore Night Festival highlight local and international arts, transforming the city into a lively hub of creativity and cultural expression.

9) Singapore is located in Southeast Asia and shares maritime borders with Malaysia to the north and Indonesia to the south. It is connected to Malaysia via the Johor-Singapore Causeway and the Malaysia-Singapore Second Link. The proximity to Indonesia's numerous islands, particularly Batam and Bintan, enhances its regional ties and makes it a significant hub for trade and tourism in the area.

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1) The national flag of San Marino is formed by two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) with a closed crown on top, flanked by an oak and laurel wreath, with a scroll below bearing the word LIBERTAS (Freedom). The two colors of the flag represent peace (white) and liberty (light blue).

2) As of September 2023, San Marino is estimated to number 33,896 residents. Of these, 28,226 have Sammarinese citizenship, while 4,881 have Italian citizenship, with 789 citizens of other countries.Another 13,000 Sammarinese live abroad (6,600 in Italy, 3,000 in the US, 2,000 in France and Argentina).

3) San Marino located in Europe. San Marino is landlocked republic situated on the slopes of Mount Titano, on the Adriatic side of central Italy between the Emilia-Romagna and Marche regions and surrounded on all sides by the republic of Italy. It is the smallest independent state in Europe after Vatican City and Monaco and, until the independence of Nauru (1968), the smallest republic in the world.

4) The main language spoken in San Marino is Italian. It's the official language used in government, education, and daily communication.

5) In San Marino, the predominant religion is Roman Catholicism, with the majority of the population identifying as Catholic. There are also small communities of other religions, including:

1. Protestantism - Some small Protestant groups exist.

2. Judaism - There is a very small Jewish community.

3. Islam - A few Muslims reside in the country, mainly among expatriates.

Overall, San Marino is quite homogenous in terms of religion, with the vast majority adhering to Catholicism.

6) San Marino has a rich artistic heritage, influenced by its history and culture. Here are some key aspects of the arts in San Marino:

1. Painting: The country has a tradition of painting, with notable artists like Giovanni Battista Conti, who worked in the 17th century. Many frescoes and paintings can be found in its churches and palaces.

2. Sculpture: San Marino is known for its stone sculptures, especially those that adorn public spaces and monuments. The Three Towers of San Marino, for example, are iconic and feature impressive stonework.

3. Architecture: The architecture reflects its medieval roots, with well-preserved fortresses, churches, and historical buildings. The Guaita, Cesta, and Montale towers are key examples.

4. Crafts: Traditional crafts, such as ceramics and embroidery, are still practiced. Local artisans produce handmade goods that reflect the country's cultural identity.

5. Festivals and Events: San Marino hosts various cultural events, including art exhibitions, music festivals, and historical reenactments that celebrate its heritage.

7) San Marino's cuisine reflects its Italian heritage, featuring fresh ingredients and traditional recipes. Here are some typical foods you might find:

1. Torta Tre Monti: A famous dessert consisting of layers of chocolate and wafers, often associated with San Marino.

2. Pasta Dishes: Common pasta dishes include tagliatelle and tortellini, often served with rich sauces like ragù.

3. Crescia: A type of flatbread, similar to piadina, often filled with cheese, cured meats, or vegetables.

4. Meat Dishes: Dishes like grilled meats and sausages are popular, often seasoned with local herbs.

5. Cheeses: San Marino produces various cheeses, including pecorino, which is a sheep's milk cheese.

6. Wines: The region also has a tradition of winemaking, with local wines like Sangiovese and Trebbiano being served alongside meals.

7. Olive Oil: High-quality olive oil is used in many dishes, reflecting the Mediterranean influence.

8) San Marino, a small country surrounded by Italy, hosts several festivals and events throughout the year that celebrate its rich history, culture, and traditions. Here are some of the most notable festivals in San Marino:

1. Medieval Days (Giornate Medioevali)

- When: Typically held in late July.

- What: This is one of San Marino's most popular festivals, transforming the historical center into a medieval village. The event features historical reenactments, parades, jousting tournaments, archery contests, and performances by musicians, jugglers, and fire-breathers, giving visitors a glimpse into the Republic's medieval past.

2. The Feast of Saint Marinus (Festa di San Marino)

- When: Celebrated on September 3.

- What: This is the national holiday in honor of San Marino’s founder, Saint Marinus. The festival includes a religious procession, official speeches, and historical reenactments, followed by fireworks and cultural events in the evening.

3. San Marino International Arts Festival

- When: Held during the summer months.

- What: A vibrant festival that brings together artists, musicians, dancers, and performers from around the world. The event offers live performances, art exhibitions, and workshops throughout the streets and public spaces of the city.

4. Christmas of Wonders (Natale delle Meraviglie)

- When: December to early January.

- What: During the holiday season, San Marino’s old town transforms into a magical winter wonderland, with lights, Christmas markets, ice-skating rinks, and festive decorations. The Christmas atmosphere includes concerts, shows, and themed attractions for children.

5. The Altar of the Patrons

- When: Late August.

- What: This religious event celebrates San Marino's two patron saints, Saint Marinus and Saint Agatha. It features solemn religious ceremonies, processions, and blessings, as well as cultural activities around the city.

These festivals reflect the unique cultural identity of San Marino, combining its religious heritage, medieval history, and festive spirit, making it a lively destination for visitors during these times of the year.

9) San Marino is entirely surrounded by Italy, making it an enclave within Italian territory. It is located in the northeastern part of the Apennine Mountains, near the Adriatic coast. While San Marino itself does not have multiple neighboring countries, it shares its borders with the following Italian regions:

1. Emilia-Romagna (north and west)

2. Marche (south and east)

These regions of Italy are the closest geographical neighbors to San Marino.

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1) The national flag of Romania (drapelul național al României) is a tricolor featuring three equal vertical bands colored blue (at the flagpole), yellow and red, with a width to length ratio of 2:3.

2) Romania has an estimated population of around 19 million people. The population has been gradually declining due to factors like emigration and low birth rates.

3) Romania is divided into 6 main regions, each offer unique cultural and historical experiences: Transylvania is famous for its castles and folklore, Moldavia for its monasteries and crafts, Wallachia hosts the bustling capital Bucharest, Dobrogea features beautiful coastlines, Banat is known for its ethnic diversity, and Maramureș showcases traditional rural life and wooden churches.

4) The official language of Romania is Romanian, a Romance language with strong similarities to Italian. Romania also has quite a few minority languages, including Hungarian and Romani.

5) Romania is primarily Eastern Orthodox Christian, with about 86% of the population identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church. Other religious groups include Roman Catholics, various Protestant denominations, and smaller communities of Muslims and Jews.

6) Romanian art consists of the visual and plastic arts (including Romanian architecture, woodwork, textiles, and ceramics) originating from the geographical area of Romania. The production of art in Romania is as old as the Paleolithic.

7) Romanian cuisine is influenced by Balkan, Ottoman, Hungarian, and Austrian cuisines, resulting in a rich variety of flavors. Famous Romanian foods include sarmale, mămăligă, mititei, ciorbă de burtă, cozonac, and zacuscă.

8) Main festivals in Romania include the George Enescu Festival (classical music), Sighișoara Medieval Festival, Transylvania International Film Festival, Untold Festival (electronic music), Romanian Wine Festival, and the Festival of Medieval Arts.

9) Romania borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Maldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast.

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Flag of South Korea

The colors of the flag are red, blue, and black on a white background. The flag stands for the three components of a nation, the land (the white background), the people (the red and blue circle), and the government (the four sets of black bars or trigrams). It was created in 1882 but the symbols are among the oldest found on any nation's flag.

Population

The current population of the Republic of Korea is 51,702,345 as of Saturday, October 19, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data.

Region

South Korea is also composed of nine provinces: Gyeongsangnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gyeonggi-do. Regional differences have narrowed thanks to the development of efficient transportation.

Main Language

South Korea has one official language which is Korean, although Japanese, English and Mandarin are widely spoken and understood. Korean is a language isolate, meaning that it's a language that is unlike any other, living or dead.

Main Religion

Republic of Korea is Christian. But the country has no official state religion. South Korea is often defined as a multi-religious society, and religion has from early days played a significant role in the country’s history and in people’s life. Buddhism and Christianity (Protestantism and Catholicism) are the dominant confessions among those who affiliate with a formal religion.

Arts

Korean arts include traditions in calligraphy, music, painting and pottery, often marked by the use of natural forms, surface decoration and bold colors or sounds. The Korean art market is concentrated in the Insadong district of Seoul where over 50 small galleries exhibit and occasional fine arts auctions.

Food

Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, seafood and (at least in South Korea) meats. Dairy is largely absent from the traditional Korean diet. Traditional Korean meals are named for the number of side dishes (banchan) that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice. Kimchi is served at nearly every meal. Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, doenjang (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, gochugaru (pepper flakes), gochujang (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. Many regional dishes have become national. Korean royal court cuisine once brought all of the unique regional specialties together for the royal family. Foods are regulated by Korean cultural etiquette.

Festival

The Lunar New Year’s Day (Seollal) is one of the festivals that represent Korea. On the Lunar New Year’s Day, families gather to share special foods such as tteokguk and hold rituals called charye (a simplified form of an ancestral rite). Children and sometimes youths wear new clothes (called seolbim) to bow before their elders (called sebae), wishing them a long life. After the bow, the elders are customarily expected to give money gifts (called sebaetdon) to those who bowed.
Another important seasonal festival is Jeongwol Daeboreum (Greater Full Moon), celebrated on the 15th day of the lunar January. It is celebrated by eating ogokbap, a special dish made by steaming a mix of five different grains, served with an assortment of cooked vegetables. People also play various games and rituals for the unity of the local community and a good harvest.

Neighbour Countries

The country is bordered by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) to the north, the East Sea (Sea of Japan) to the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west, to the southeast it is separated from the Japanese island of Tsushima by the Korea Strait. South Korea makes up about 45 percent of the peninsula’s land area.

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RABIATUL HUSNA AISYAH BINTI MOHD ZAWAWI A24A3017

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1) The flag of Iceland features a blue field with a white cross and a red cross superimposed on it. The flag consists of a blue background, which symbolizes the ocean and sky, a white cross representing snow and ice, and a red cross representing the volcanic fires of Iceland.

2) As of 2023, the population of Iceland is approximately 376,000 people. This number can vary slightly due to factors like migration and natural population growth. Iceland is known for its small population relative to its expansive land area, making it one of the least densely populated countries in Europe.

3) Iceland is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, between Greenland and mainland Europe. It is part of the region known as Northern Europe.

4) The official language of Iceland is Icelandic, a North Germanic language that has changed little since the Viking Age.

5) The predominant religion in Iceland is Lutheran Christianity, specifically the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland, which is the state church. There are also various other religious groups and a growing number of people identifying as non-religious.

6) Iceland has a rich tradition in literature, music, and visual arts. It is well-known for its contributions to literature, particularly the medieval sagas. The contemporary music scene is vibrant, with artists like Björk and Sigur Rós gaining international acclaim. Visual arts also thrive, with many artists drawing inspiration from Iceland's stunning landscapes.

7) Icelandic cuisine is characterized by its use of fresh seafood, lamb, and dairy products. Traditional dishes include "hákarl" (fermented shark), "skyr" (a type of yogurt), and "lamb soup." Modern Icelandic cuisine often emphasizes locally sourced ingredients and innovative cooking techniques.

8) Iceland hosts several unique festivals, such as Þorrablót, a midwinter festival celebrating traditional foods, and the Reykjavik Culture Night, showcasing art, music, and local culture. The Iceland Airwaves music festival is also popular, attracting international acts and audiences.

9) Iceland is an island nation, so it does not share land borders with any countries. However, it is relatively close to Greenland to the west and Norway to the east, with the United Kingdom situated to the south across the ocean.

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1.FLAG

The National Flag of Colombia features three horizontal bands of yellow, blue, and red. The colors of the flag are commonly interpreted in two ways. One version indicates that the yellow symbolizes sovereignty and justice, blue as loyalty and vigilance, and red represents the valor shown and the victory achieved during the battles for independence from Spain. Another version in a popular children’s song claims that yellow represents the gold Colombia once owned until the arrival of the Spanish, blue indicates the country's contact with two oceans and red represents the blood that Colombians spent in their struggle for independence from Spain. The flag has a width-to-length proportion ratio of 2:3.

2.POPULATION

As of 2024, Colombia’s population is approximately 52 million people. It is the third-most populous country in Latin America, after Brazil and Mexico.

3.REGION

Colombia is located in South America. It is unique because it has coastlines along both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

4.MAIN LANGUAGE

According to the 2005 Census of Colombia, the country has 37 major languages. More than 99.5% of Colombians speak Spanish.

5.MAIN RELIGION

The main religion in Colombia is Roman Catholicism, with about 70%-80% of the population identifying as Catholic. Protestant Christianity is also growing, accounting for around 10%-15% of the population. Other religions, like Islam, Judaism and Indigenous spiritual practices, are present but in smaller numbers. Despite a strong religious tradition, Colombia guarantees freedom of religion, and there’s a growing secular population.

6.ARTS

Colombia has a rich tradition of visual arts, music, and dance. Famous Colombian artists include Fernando Botero, known for his paintings and sculptures of exaggerated, oversized figures. The country is also famous for its cumbia and Vallenato music.

7.FOOD

Traditional Colombian dishes include arepas (corn cakes), bandeja paisa (a hearty plate with beans, rice, meat, plantain, and avocado), and ajiaco (a potato and chicken soup). Each region has its own specialties influenced by local ingredients.

8.FESTIVAL

One of the most famous festivals in Colombia is the Barranquilla Carnival, a vibrant, colorful event that celebrates the country's diverse cultural heritage through parades, music, and dance. Another important festival is the Festival of the Flowers in Medellín, which showcases thousands of flowers in parades and exhibitions.

9.NEIGHBOUR COUNTRIES

Colombia shares borders with Venezuela to the east, Brazil to the southeast, Peru to the south, Ecuador and Panama to the west.

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1)In 1821, a distinctive tricolor pattern was adopted for the flag. From left to right, the vertical green stripe represents independence and hope, the white represents the Roman Catholic religion and unity, and the red represents friendship between Europeans and Mexicans as well as Mexicans who fought for independence.

2)Mexico covering 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi),it is the world's 13th largest country by area; with a population of almost 130 million, it is the 10th most populouscountry and has the most Spanish speakers in the world.Mexico is a constitutional republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital and largest city, which is among the world's most populous metropolitan areas. The country shares land borders with the United States to the north, with Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; as well as maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east.

3)Physiographic regions. Mexico can be divided into nine major physiographic regions: Baja California, the Pacific Coastal Lowlands, the Mexican Plateau, the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica, the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Southern Highlands, and the Yucatán Peninsula.

4)The official language of Mexico is Spanish, which is spoken by 90 percent of the people. Indian languages of the Aztecs, Mayans, and other tribes are still spoken throughout the country.

5)Mexico does not have an official religion. However, Roman Catholicism is the dominant faith and is deeply culturally pervasive. According to 2020 estimates, approximately 78% of the population identify as Roman Catholic, with 11.2% identifying as Protestant and Evangelical Christians.A further 10.6% is thought to be unaffiliated with any religion.

6)The Mexican art scene, especially Mexican folk art, is a melting pot of vibrant colors illuminating striking and unique motifs inspired by natural and supernatural worlds. The open palette of Mexico's folk art scene is reflected in its adoption and adaptation of influences throughout the centuries.

7)Mexican cuisine consists of the cooking cuisines and traditions of the modern country of Mexico. Its earliest roots lie in Mesoamerican cuisine. Mexican cuisine ingredients and methods begin with the first agricultural communities such as the Olmec and Mayawho domesticated maize, created the standard process of nixtamalization, and established their foodways.

8)Mexico's top 5 celebrates various festivals due to its multicultural society.Key festivals include Dìa De Muertos,Independence Day,Carnival Of Mexico,Day Of The Virgin Of Guadalupe and Dìa De La Candelaria.

9)The country shares land borders with the United States to the north, with Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; as well as maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east.

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1) The flag of United State of America is a symbol of freedom before which Americans recite the pledge of allegiance. The flag's 13 red and white stripes represent the 13 original colonies. Its 50 white stars on a blue background represent the 50 states.

2)The current population of the United States of America is 345,977,340 as of Friday, October 18, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data. The United States 2024 population is estimated at 345,426,571 people at mid year.

3)The United States is divided into five regions: Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, and West. The United States Census Bureau, by contrast, divides the United States into four regions: the Northeast, the Midwest, the South, and the West.

4)The United States does not have an official language. English is the most widely used language in the U.S., and some states designate it as their official language. People in the U.S. communicate in more than 350 languages. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, some of the most widely spoken languages other than English are Spanish, Chinese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, and Arabic.

5)The most popular religion in the United States is Christianity, comprising the majority of the population (73.7% of adults in 2016), with the majority of American Christians belonging to a Protestant denomination or a Protestant offshoot (such as Mormonism, i.e. Church of Latter Day Saints, or the Jehovah's Witnesses).

6)The United States' rich artistic history stretches from the earliest indigenous cultures to the more recent globalization of contemporary art. Centuries before the first European colonizers, Native American peoples had crafted ritual and utilitarian objects that reflected the natural environment and their beliefs. After the arrival of Europeans, artists looked to European tendencies in portraiture and landscape painting to craft representations of the new land, but it was not until the middle of the 19th century with the Hudson River School that American artists were considered to have launched a cohesive movement. Through the early 20th century, artists still took cues from European avant-garde groups but increasingly focused on the denizens of American urban centers and the more rural Midwest. After World War II, the artists that comprised the Abstract Expressionist movement found international fame and notoriety, and for the first time, American artistic influence moved abroad, and later Minimalism and Pop Art greatly impacted the art world. Subsequently, with various global art centers and international connections, it is now more difficult to point to a specific American art trend, although one can still chart the influence of American artists in the global art sphere.

7)Highlights of American cuisine include milkshakes, barbecue, and a wide range of fried foods. Many quintessential American dishes are unique takes on food originally from other culinary traditions, including pizza, hot dogs, and Tex-Mex. Regional highlights include a range of fish dishes in the coastal states, gumbo, and cheesesteak. American cuisine has specific foods that are eaten on holidays, such as a turkey at Thanksgiving dinner or Christmas dinner. Modern American cuisine includes a focus on fast food, as well as take-out food, which is often ethnic. There is also a vibrant culinary scene in the country surrounding televised celebrity chefs.

8)Festivals unique to the United States (and Canada and Mexico in some cases) include pow wows, Rocky Mountain Rendezvous, blues festivals, county fairs, state fairs, ribfests, and strawberry festivals.

9)The United States is a country located in North America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Neighboring countries are Canada and Mexico. The geography of the United States is varied, with mountains in the west, a broad central plain, and low mountains in the east.

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1. Flag

Liechtenstein’s flag is simple yet striking. It has two horizontal stripes—blue on the top and red on the bottom—with a gold crown in the corner. The blue represents the sky, and the red stands for the earth, while the crown symbolizes the country’s monarchy.

2. Population

Liechtenstein has a population of about 39,000 people, making it one of the smallest countries out there. Despite its size, the population is quite diverse, with many residents hailing from neighboring countries like Switzerland and Austria.

3. Region

This tiny nation is tucked away in Central Europe, surrounded by the stunning Alps. It’s landlocked, bordered by Switzerland to the west and Austria to the east. The picturesque landscape is dotted with charming villages and beautiful mountains, perfect for outdoor enthusiasts.

4. Main Language

The official language is German, specifically a local dialect called Alemannic, which you’ll hear in everyday conversations. In schools and formal settings, people typically use standard German, so it’s a bit of a mix.

5. Main Religion

Most people in Liechtenstein are Roman Catholic—about 75% of the population. The church plays an important role in community life, influencing various cultural practices and traditions, though there are also small Protestant and other religious communities.

6. Arts

Liechtenstein has a vibrant arts scene. You can explore the Liechtenstein National Museum for a glimpse into the country’s history or visit the Kunstmuseum for contemporary art. The country is known for its craftsmanship, especially in wood and metalwork, showcasing a rich tradition of artistry.

7. Food

Food in Liechtenstein is hearty and comforting. A must-try dish is Älplermagronen, which is a delicious mix of pasta, potatoes, cheese, and onions, often served with a side of applesauce. Another local favorite is Ribel, a savory cornmeal dish. For dessert, don’t miss Biberli, a spiced gingerbread filled with sweet almond paste, especially popular during festivals.

8. Festival

One of the biggest celebrations is National Day on August 15, marking the birth of Prince Franz I. It’s a festive day filled with speeches, music, and fireworks, where locals come together to celebrate. Throughout the year, you can also enjoy Christmas markets and traditional harvest festivals that highlight local customs.

9. Neighbour Countries

Liechtenstein shares its borders with Switzerland and Austria. Its close relationship with Switzerland is reflected in the use of the Swiss Franc as currency, while cultural ties with Austria bring a wealth of shared traditions and celebrations.

This gives you a snapshot of Liechtenstein—its people, culture, and the stunning landscapes that make it such a unique place.

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1) Flag of the country

The national flag of People's Republic of China, also known as the China five stars red flag. The China flag has a 3:2 ratio flag with a red background and five golden stars on top of the left side corner. It has been the national flag of China since the foundation of People' Republic of China on 1 October 1949. The red colour of its flag representing the Chinese Communist Revolution. The large star representing Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and the four smaller star is symbolize the chinese people under the leadership of CCP.

2) Population

The current population of China is around 1.418 biliion of people, recorded on friday , 18 october 2024, based on the latest united nations data. China is the second most population country after representing approximately 17.4% of the world population, and 66% of population is living in urban areas. Moreover, there are 56 ethnic groups officially recognized in China, primarily Han Chinese, Zhuang Chinese, Mongols Chinese, Manchu Chinese, Yao Chinese,and others.

3) Region

China is located in eastern Asia. Its land approximately 9.6 million square kilometers or nearly one quarter of Asia's land, which is almost as large as the whole of Europe. China is divided into 6 distinct regions which is north china, northeast china, east china, south central china, southwest china, and northwest china that are commonly referenced by the national bureau to identify the country's economy, climate, geography, governance, and administrations. These regions offer unique sights, landscapes, business opportunities and climates that attract tourists and business travellers from all corners of the global.

4) Main Language

There are 302 language have been used in China. However, the mandarin language is serve as the first language to spoken by majority of chinese people. Based on the research, there are more than 70% of the chinese population speaking mandarin, other minority group of chinese speaks in other language such as cantonese, hunanese, hakka, and others.

5) Main Religion

China is a multi-religious country. Taoism, Buddhism, Islamism, Catholicism and Christianity are religions officially provided for chinese people. However, freedom of belief is a government policy, and normal religious activities are protected by the Constitution of People Republic China (PRC).

6) Arts

Art is an important part of Chinese heritage and culture. China has talented in all forms of art for several centuries and shows the Chinese people's love of it. The chinese art includes performing arts, sculpture, paintings and even cave drawings. Furthermore, the art from China often has a central theme of nature, harmony and balance that makes it an excellent example of the values that are held within the country.

7) Food

China cuisine is also the important parts of Chinese culture, and the dishes are famous for their colour, aroma, taste, meaningfull, and appearance. The popular chinese cuisines included zhajiangmian, chinese steamed bun, chinese dumplings, dim sum, jianbing, wonton soup, char siu, and etc. These chinese dishes are divided into eight regional chinese cuisines, which is Sichuan Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, Shandong Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine, Anhui Cuisine, Cantonese Cuisine, and Jiangsu Cuisine. Each cuisine has its popular dishes.

8) Festival

China is a country known for its diverse and vibrant cultural celebrations. With more than 5,000 years of history, the country boasts a rich and unique heritage that is reflected in its festivals. There are some important festivals that celebrated together among chinese people in China included Chinese New Year, Lantern festival, Qingming festival, Dragon boat festival, Chinese Mid-Autumn festival, Laba festival, and Winter Solstice festival. All of these festival celebration in China have the meaning behind them. The most popular and practised festivals is focus on the Chinese Lunar Calendar as well as deeply enshrined religious and spiritual beliefs.

9) Neighbour Country

The People's Republic of China (PRC) shares their land borders with 14 countries which is North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. The land borders in counterclockwise order from northeast to southwest. The longest one is shared with Mongolia which is 4677 km in length, and followed by Russia which is 3645 km in length, India around 3380 km in length, and the last Myanmar is about 2185 km in length.

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1. The symbol of the Czech state, a white-red-and-blue flag in a simple geometric pattern, was created in 1920, shortly after the founding of the first independent Czechoslovak state. The white, red, and blue colors are both symbolic and historic. White (or silver) is the traditional color of Bohemia and represents the sky. Moravia is symbolized by the color red which also represents the blood shed for the freedom of the state. Blue is the traditional colour of Slovakia. It is also symbolic of impartiality and sovereignty. When Czechoslovakia split into two independent states in January 1993, the Czech Republic kept this flag as its own. While the blue triangle no longer represents Slovakia, it does remain a symbol of impartiality and sovereignty.

2. The current population of Czechia (Czech Republic) is 10,697,822 as of Friday, October 18, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations. Czechia 2024 population is estimated at 10,735,859 people at mid year. Czechia population is equivalent to 0.13% of the total world population.

3. Czech Republic, landlocked country located in central Europe. It comprises the historical provinces of Bohemia and Moravia along with the southern tip of Silesia, collectively often called the Czech Lands. In 2016 the country adopted the name “Czechia” as a shortened, informal name for the Czech Republic.

4. The official language of the Czech Republic is Czech. Spoken by nearly 11 million native speakers, Czech is classified as part of the Slavic branch of Indo-European languages. Although many people in the Czech Republic have a base knowledge of the English language, knowing a few key phrases in Czech will take you far.

5. Presently, 39.8% of Czechs consider themselves atheist; 39.2% are Roman Catholics; 4.6% are Protestant, with 1.9% in the Czech-founded Hussite Reform Church, 1.6% in the Czech Brotherhood Evangelic Church, and 0.5% in the Silesian Evangelic Church; 3% are members of the Orthodox Church; and 13.4% are undecided.

6. Venus of Dolní Věstonice is an important example of prehistoric art unearthed in the Czech Republic. Theodoric of Prague was a painter in the Gothic era who decorated the castle Karlštejn. In the Baroque era, there were painters Wenceslaus Hollar, Jan Kupecký, Karel Škréta, Anton Raphael Mengs and Petr Brandl and sculptors Matthias Braun and Ferdinand Brokoff.

7. Czech cuisine has both influenced and been influenced by the cuisines of surrounding countries and nations. Many of the cakes and pastries that are popular in Central Europe originated within the Czech lands. Contemporary Czech cuisine is more meat-based than in previous periods; the current abundance of farmable meat has enriched its presence in regional cuisine. Traditionally, meat has been reserved for once-weekly consumption, typically on weekends.

8. the popular festivals of the Czech Republic are celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy in all the regions of the country. among the celebrations held are Christmas, Barboky or Feast of Saint Barbara, Velikonoce or Easter and Burning of Witches.

9. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east. The capital and largest city is Prague (Czech: Praha). The country is composed of the historic regions of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as parts of Silesia.

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1) The flag of Jordan consists of three horizontal stripes (black, white, and green from top to bottom) and a red triangle on the hoist side. In the middle of the red triangle, there is a white seven-pointed star. Each element of the flag has symbolic meaning:

- Black represents the Abbasid Caliphate.

- White represents the Umayyad Caliphate.

- Green represents the Fatimid Caliphate.

- Red represents the Hashemite dynasty and the Arab Revolt.

- The seven-pointed star symbolizes the unity of Arab peoples and the seven verses of the opening chapter (Al-Fatiha) of the Quran.

This flag was officially adopted on April 18, 1928.

2) As of 2024, the estimated population of Jordan is around 11.5 million people. The population has been steadily growing, partly due to high birth rates and the influx of refugees, particularly from Syria, Iraq, and Palestine. Jordan is a relatively small country, but its population density is concentrated in urban areas like Amman, the capital, as well as Irbid and Zarqa.

3) Jordan is located in the Middle East, a region that spans parts of Western Asia and Northern Africa.

4) The main language of Jordan is Arabic, which is also the official language of the country. The Jordanian dialect of Arabic is commonly spoken in daily life. English is widely understood and used in business, education, and government, making it the most prominent second language in the country.

5) The main religion in Jordan is Islam, with the vast majority of the population (around 95%) being Sunni Muslims. Islam plays a significant role in the cultural and societal life of the country. There is also a small Christian minority in Jordan, primarily belonging to various denominations such as Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant, comprising about 4-6% of the population. Religious tolerance is generally practiced, and the Jordanian constitution guarantees freedom of religion.

6) Jordan has a rich and diverse artistic heritage that blends traditional and contemporary influences. Key aspects of Jordan's arts include:

1. Traditional Arts:

- Bedouin Craftsmanship: Bedouin culture is central to Jordanian traditional arts. Handicrafts like weaving, embroidery, and jewelry-making are important, with vibrant patterns and natural materials used to create rugs, garments, and accessories.

- Pottery and Ceramics: Jordan has a long history of pottery, with many designs inspired by ancient Nabatean and Roman civilizations. Traditional potteries can still be found in various regions.

- Mosaic Art: Jordan is famous for ancient mosaics, particularly in Madaba, where intricate and colorful mosaic designs from the Byzantine period depict historical and religious scenes.

2. Visual Arts:

- Contemporary Painting and Sculpture: The contemporary art scene in Jordan has grown significantly, with artists like Ali Jabri and Mohanna Durra becoming pioneers in modern Jordanian art. Themes often include Arab identity, heritage, and social issues.

- Art Galleries: Cities like Amman are home to numerous galleries, such as Darat al Funun and the Jordan National Gallery of Fine Arts, which showcase both local and international artists.

3. Performing Arts:

- Theater and Cinema: Jordan has a developing theater scene, with plays often performed in Arabic that explore social and political issues. The country's film industry has also gained international attention, with movies like "Theeb" (2014) being nominated for an Academy Award.

- Music and Dance: Jordanian music incorporates traditional Bedouin rhythms, as well as Arabic pop, classical, and folk music. Dabke, a traditional Levantine folk dance, is commonly performed during celebrations.

4. Literature and Poetry:

- Jordan has a strong literary tradition, with poetry being a particularly significant form of expression. Themes often revolve around Arab nationalism, personal identity, and cultural history. Jordanian authors and poets, such as Amjad Nasser and Ibrahim Nasrallah, have gained recognition in the Arab world.

Jordan's art scene is growing in influence, both regionally and internationally, reflecting a blend of heritage and modern expression.

7) Jordanian cuisine is a rich blend of Middle Eastern flavors, known for its use of fresh ingredients, aromatic spices, and communal dining traditions. Key elements of Jordanian food include dishes that reflect the country's Bedouin heritage, Mediterranean influences, and the greater Levantine culinary tradition.

Popular Jordanian Dishes:

1. Mansaf: Considered the national dish of Jordan, Mansaf is a communal meal made of lamb cooked in fermented dried yogurt (jameed) and served over a large platter of rice and flatbread. It's often served during celebrations and special occasions.

2. Makloubeh: This dish means "upside down" in Arabic and consists of layers of rice, meat (usually chicken or lamb), and vegetables like cauliflower, eggplant, or potatoes, cooked together and then flipped upside down to serve.

8) Jordan celebrates a variety of cultural, religious, and historical festivals, reflecting the country’s rich traditions and diverse influences. Here are some of the major festivals in Jordan:

1. Eid Al-Fitr

2. Eid Al-Adha

3. Christmas

4. Distant heat festival

5. Independence Day

These festivals reflect Jordan’s deep cultural heritage, religious traditions, and its openness to global artistic and cultural trends.

9) Jordan shares borders with five countries:

1. Syria to the north.

2. Iraq to the northeast.

3. Saudi Arabia to the east and south.

4. Israel to the west.

5. Palestine (West Bank) to the west, along the Jordan River.

Jordan also has a small coastline along the Red Sea in the southwestern corner of the country at the city of Aqaba.

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1) Bahrain is not known exactly when the first red-white flag of Bahrain was established. Recognition was given to the flag in 1933 under the influence of the British adviser Charles Belgrave. The flag had been in use long before that, however. After the British began to withdraw from the Middle East, Bahrain was recognized as an independent state on August 15, 1971, and the country’s first flag law became effective August 19, 1972. For three decades, the dividing line between the flag’s white and red was displayed either as a straight line or as a serrated line, although the latter was more common. On February 14, 2002, the current flag design was adopted, specifying that the dividing line must be serrated into five white triangles.

2) The Bahraini society is characterized by its cultural, ethnic and religious diversity.  According to the official census for the year 2010 issued by the Central Informatics Organisation, the Kingdom of Bahrain had a total resident population of 1234571. The estimated population of 2014 was 1.316 million people. It is expected to reach 1.592 million in 2020 and 2.128 million in 2030, up from 621 thousand in 1999. The population growth rate is 7.4% on average.

3) Bahrain is a small Arab state situated in a bay on the southwestern coast of the Persian Gulf. It is an archipelago consisting of Bahrain Island and some 30 smaller islands. Its name is from the Arabic term al-baḥrayn, meaning “two seas.”

4) The official language of Bahrain is Arabic. Arabic is widely used in daily communication, government, and business. English is also commonly spoken and understood, especially in urban areas and in the business and tourism sectors.

5) The population is predominately Muslim and includes both the Sunni and the Shiʿi sects, with the latter in the majority. The ruling family and many of the wealthier and more influential Bahrainis are Sunni, and this difference has been an underlying cause of political and social tension. Christians constitute about half of the remaining one-fifth of the population, with the rest consisting of Jews, Hindus, and Bahāʾīs.

6) Traditional handicraft industries receive state and popular support, and most villages practice specialized traditions; ʿĀlī, for example, is well known for its ceramics, while artists in Karbābād weave baskets from date-palm leaves. Throughout the country artisans engage in gold working, tinsmithing, and textile making and sell their wares at small shops or the Souk al-Arabaʿāʾ (“Wednesday Market”) in Manama. Shipyards at Manama and Al-Muḥarraq are sites of dhow building, a highly respected art form. The museum in Manama contains local artifacts dating from antiquity, such as ivory figurines, pottery, copper articles, and gold rings, many of which reflect various cultural influences from outside Bahrain. There is also a small but flourishing avant-garde art community.

7) The cuisine of Bahrain is influenced by a wide range of countries, since it has been an important seaport for a long time and has seen all kinds of people pass through. Biryani is a popular rice dish, which comes from India, and falafel is also widely eaten, though that is said to have originated in Egypt.

8) The biggest events go by the name Eid which means ‘celebration’ in Arabic. These celebrations tend to mark the end of the most solemn religious periods of the year. Celebrations often involve family gatherings in homes and residential areas.

9) The Kingdom of Bahrain comprises an archipelago of islands with a total size of 712 sq. km (less than one third the size of the Australian Capital Territory), situated in the Persian Gulf, to the east of Saudi Arabia and west of Qatar. Bahrain also shares a maritime border with the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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FLAG OF THE COUNTRY

The colors of the flag are red, blue, and black on a white background. The flag stands for the three components of a nation: the land (the white background), the people (the red and blue circle), and the government (the four sets of black bars or trigrams).

POPULATION

South Korea 2024 population is estimated at 51,717,590 people at mid year. South Korea population is equivalent to 0.63% of the total world population.

REGION

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone; though it also claims the land border with China and Russia.

MAIN LANGUAGE

South Korea has one official language: Korean, although Japanese, English and Mandarin are widely spoken and understood. Korean is a language isolate, meaning that it's a language that is unlike any other, living or dead.

MAIN RELIGION

Religion in South Korea has been characterized by a rise of Christianity and a revival of Buddhism, though the majority of South Koreans have no religious affiliation or follow folk religions

ARTS

Korean arts include traditions in calligraphy, music, painting and pottery, often marked by the use of natural forms, surface decoration and bold colors or sounds. The earliest examples of Korean art consist of Stone Age works dating from 3000 BC.Korean art, the painting, calligraphy, pottery, sculpture, lacquerware, and other fine or decorative visual arts produced by the peoples of Korea over the centuries

FOODS

Great South Korean dishes can be found virtually everywhere in this vibrant country, from street vendors along narrow alleyways to classy restaurants within 5-star hotels. Many of these delicacies have existed for more 2,000 years, and were only consumed by Korean royal families.Probably the best-known Korean dish, bibimbap originated on the eve of Lunar New Year when it was traditional to use up all the vegetables and side-dishes in the house.Kimchi is the Korean name for preserved vegetables seasoned with spices and fermented seafood.

FESTIVAL

Along with the Lunar New Year's Day, Chuseok, or hangawi, is one of the biggest and most important holidays in Korea, which is held on the 15th day of lunar August.

NEIGHBOUR COUNTRIES

It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone; though it also claims the land border with China and Russia. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan.

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1) Flag Of The Country

The flag of Republic of Hungry is a tricolour consisting of horizontal red, white, and green bands of equal witdth. The three colours represent three virtues; red is for strenght, white is for faithfulness and green is for hope. Alternatively, red represents the blood spilled for the country, which stands for freedom and green is for the land.

2) Population

The current population of Hungary is 9 663 252 based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data. Hungary ethnic are mostly Hungarians and a significant Romani minority.

3) Region

There are eight statical regions of Hungary. These region consist of the 19 Counties of Hungary and the capital city. There were seven regions created in 1999 by the Law 1999/XCll amending Law 1996/XXl but since 2018, the capital Budapest has left the Central Hungary region and become its own region.

4) Main Language

Hungarian is spoken as the official language of Hungary. It is not only the most spoken language in the country but also Europe's 13th most widely spoken language. Hungarian is also spoken in other parts of the world.

5) Main Religion

Hungary is a Christians country as Christianity being the largest religion in Hungary. However, there are also other varied religion in Hungary such as Catholicism, Calvinism, Easther Orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism.

6) Arts

In Hungary, occupations related to folk arts and crafts are highly respected. As a stronger Hungarian national identity developed in the nineteenth century, the intricate decorations used on objects on everyday us; such as bed frames, gates, and storage chests became symbols of national unity. The diversity in Hungarian folk crafts is reflected in a wide array of materials, tools, and technologies still used by people who have commited themselves to acquiring and passing along their knowledge, skills, and artistry.

7) Food

Hungarian cooking is quite difficult to define. It tends to use paprika, black pepper, several differemt spices and often onion. Traditional Hungarian dishes are primarily based on meats, seasonal vegetables, fresh bread, dairy products, cheeses and fruits. In Hungary, a typical breakfast may consist of fresh bread, cold sausage type minced meat products, some vegetables or jam. Lunch is the main meal of the day, usually consisting of three courses; soup is followed by a main dish and dessert.

8) Festival

Hungary festivals embrace the contrasts of the country itself, from small village folk and religious celebrations dating back centuries to great international musical and cultural events featuring world-famous artists. For example, Budapest International Circus Festival held biannually over five days from the end of January into February. This celebration of all things circus draws acts from all over the world to perform in the capital. Fire-eaters, five-day event, ending in a gala performance featuring famous talents. There are also other festivals such as Valley of Magic Festival, The Danube Carnival, and Koros Valley Folk Arts Festival.

9) Neighbour Country

Hungary is a beautiful destination offering visitors, tourists , and immigrants' lot of opportunity. The country is located in central Europe. Its neighbouring countries are seven in total, which is Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria, and Ukraine.

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1. The National Flag of Greece consists of four white and five blue alternating horizontal stripes, with a white cross on the upper left corner. Blue and white are the national colours of Greece, as blue symbolizes the sky and seas and white denotes the purity of the Greek independence struggle.

2. The current population of Greece in 2024 is 10,302,720, a 0.37% decline from 2023. The population of Greece in 2023 was 10,341,277, a 0.42% decline from 2022 . According to research polls, 81 to 90 percent of the population identifies as Greek Orthodox, 4 to 15 percent as atheist, and 2 percent as Muslim.

3. Central Macedonia is the largest region in Greece which occupies an area and the second most populous. Central Greece is the second largest region in the country which occupies an area and ninth most populous. Central Greece is based at Lamia and is split into five regional units (Phthiotis, Phocis, Evrytania, Euboea, and Boeotia).

4. The official language of Greece is Greek, spoken by 99% of the population. In addition, a number of non-official, minority languages and some Greek dialects are spoken as well. The most common foreign languages learned by Greeks are English, German, French and Italian.

5. Religion in Greece is dominated by Christianity, in particular the Greek Orthodox Church, which is within the larger communion of the Eastern Orthodox Church. It represented 90% of the total population in 2015 and is constitutionally recognized as the "prevailing religion" of Greece.

6. The most common methods of Greek painting are fresco painting, panel painting, mosaic, pottery painting, and vase painting. The most common methods of Greek painting include fresco painting, which involves painting directly onto wet plaster panel painting, which involves painting on wooden panels mosaic, which involves creating images by arranging small pieces of colored material pottery painting, which involves decorating ceramic vessels and vase painting, which involves painting on pottery vases.

7. A mainstay of any Greek meal is classic dips such as tzatziki (yogurt, cucumber and garlic), melitzanosalata (aubergine), and fava (creamy split pea purée). But the delectable taramasalata (fish roe dip) is a must. This creamy blend of pink or white fish roe, with either a potato or bread base, is best with a drizzle of virgin olive oil or a squeeze of lemon.

8. Holy Week in Greece is the biggest spectacle of the year, with each day featuring different Orthodox traditions. Holy Thursday sees the traditional Easter bread, tosureki, being baked, usually with a red egg in the centre. Holy Friday is a day of mourning with church bells slowly ringing all day and just before midnight, as Holy Saturday begins, the churches are lit up with candlelight as people begin chanting Christos Anesti or Christ rises.

9. There 4 countries that border Greece Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Turkey. The seas flow around Greece and its many islands. Its is The Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea flow around Greece.

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1)NASIONAL FLAG

The flag of Madagascar consists of three sections: a vertical white band on the left and two horizontal bands on the right, with red on top and green below. The white represents purity and the desire for freedom, the red symbolizes sovereignty and the traditional Malagasy community, and the green represents the country's agricultural heritage and hope for the future.

2)POPULATION

The current population of Madagascar is 32,191,751 as of Thursday, October 17, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data1. Madagascar 2024 population is estimated at 31,964,956 people at mid year. Madagascar population is equivalent to 0.39% of the total world population.

3)REGION

According to Pew Research Center data for 2021, 85.3 percent of the population is Christian, 3 percent is Muslim, 4.5 percent adhere to traditional beliefs, and 6.9 percent have no affiliation.  It is common to alternate between religious identities or to mix traditions, and many individuals hold a combination of indigenous and Christian or Muslim beliefs.

4)MAIN LANGUAGE

The main languages of Madagascar are Malagasy and French. Malagasy, the national language, is spoken by the majority of the population and has various regional dialects. French is also an official language and is widely used in government, education, and business.

5)MAIN RELIGION

The main religions in Madagascar are Christianity, traditional indigenous beliefs, and Islam.

Christianity is the predominant religion, practiced by about half of the population, with significant numbers of both Roman Catholics and Protestants.

Traditional indigenous beliefs are still widely practiced, often blended with Christianity, focusing on ancestor worship and the reverence of the spirits.

Islam is a minority religion, practiced by a small percentage of the population, mainly among the ethnic communities of Indian and Comorian descent.

6)ARTS

The arts of Madagascar are rich and diverse, reflecting the island's unique cultural heritage and history. Here are some key forms of Malagasy art:

1. Woodcarving and Sculpture

Madagascar is known for its intricate woodcarvings, especially in the Zafimaniry region, which is recognized by UNESCO for its woodcrafting traditions.

2. Textile Arts

Lamba, a traditional Malagasy garment, is often made from woven silk or cotton. It serves both functional and ceremonial purposes.

Silk weaving has a long history in Madagascar, especially among the Merina people, and often features natural dyes and complex patterns.

Jewelry and Metalwork

Jewelry made from silver, beads, and shells is popular, particularly among the Antandroy and Sakalava people.

Metalwork, including silver crafting, is often used to make traditional adornments and decorative items.

7)FOOD

1. Rice

Rice is a staple food and is served with almost every meal. The phrase "mihinana vary" means "to eat rice" and is commonly used in Madagascar.

2. Ravitoto

This traditional dish consists of crushed cassava leaves cooked with pork or beef and seasoned with garlic and spices. It is often served with rice.

3. Romazava

A popular meat stew made with beef, various greens (often including mustard leaves), and flavored with ginger and garlic. It is typically served with rice.

4. Lasary

A salad made from vegetables such as carrots, green beans, and cabbage, often seasoned with vinegar, oil, and spices. It serves as a refreshing side dish.

8)FESTIVAL

1. Famadihana (Turning of the Bones)

This unique festival involves exhuming the remains of ancestors, rewrapping them in fresh shrouds, and celebrating their memory with music, dance, and feasting. It usually takes place every few years and is a way for families to honor their ancestors.

2. Alahamady Be

Celebrated in January, this is the Malagasy New Year festival. It marks the beginning of the agricultural year, and people engage in rituals to ensure a good harvest. Celebrations include traditional music, dance, and communal feasting.

3. Santabary Festival

This festival is dedicated to rice, the staple food of Madagascar. It features agricultural fairs, traditional dances, and food stalls showcasing rice dishes. It often occurs in the rice-growing regions.

9)NEIGHBOUR COUNTRIES

1. Mozambique - Located to the west across the Mozambique Channel, it is the closest country to Madagascar.

2. Tanzania - Situated to the northwest of Madagascar, across the Mozambique Channel.

3. Comoros - An archipelago located to the northwest of Madagascar, near the northern tip of Mozambique.

Other nearby countries include South Africa and Mauritius, but these are further away compared to Mozambique and Tanzania.

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1. The state flag that represents the Russian Federation is rectangular in shape and contains three identical horizontal stripes, which are red at the bottom, blue in the middle, and white at the very top. The flag's width-to-length ratio is two by three. This pattern was selected as a representation of harmony and tranquillity. It also alludes to Russia's historical origins. Red represented the overwhelming power of the Russian country, blue stood for the mother of God, and white represented freedom during the reign of Peter the Great.

2. Based on the Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data, the current population of the Russian Federation as of Friday, October 18, 2024, is 144,573,942. Furthermore, Russia holds the ninth-highest population in the world.

3. Russia is a land of superlatives. By far the world’s largest country, it covers nearly twice the territory of Canada, the second largest. It extends and divides into two parts which is the whole of northern Asia (Siberia) and the eastern Europe (European Russia), spanning 11 time zones across two continents (Europe and Asia).

4. The main language of Russia is Russian, a Slavic language that serves as the official language of the country and is spoken by the vast majority of its population. With over 150 million native speakers, Russian is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.

5. With more than fifty percent of all followers, Russian Orthodoxy has become the largest religious denomination in Russia. Other smaller Christian faiths include Baptist and Evangelical groups, which had modest growth in membership during the 20th century, and the Old Believers, who broke away from the Russian Orthodox church in the 17th century. The second-largest religious group in Russia is Muslims. Additionally, Buddhism, Judaism, and Protestantism are also prevalent religions in Russia.

6. Russia is known all over the world for its thinkers and artists, including writers like Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, composers such as Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and ballet dancers including Rudolf Nureyev.

7. Bread, potatoes, and grains are staples of Russian cuisine, which is frequently served with a variety of meats, fish, and vegetables. Borscht, a beet soup that is usually served hot or cold and sometimes topped with sour cream, ranks as one of the most famous foods. Pelmeni, which are meat-filled dumplings typically eaten with vinegar or butter, are another well-liked delicacy. Additionally popular are blini, which are small pancakes that can be served savory or sweet, and shchi, a traditional cabbage soup. The Russian custom of preserving food for the long winters is highlighted by the use of pickled vegetables, such as sauerkraut and pickles.

8. Russia hosts several vibrant festivals, with Maslenitsa being one of the most famous. This week-long celebration marks the end of winter with pancake-making, sledding, and folk games, culminating in the burning of a straw effigy. Another significant event is Victory Day on May 9th, honoring the Soviet victory in World War II with grand parades and fireworks. Russian Orthodox Christmas, celebrated on January 7th, features religious services and festive meals. These festivals showcase Russia’s rich cultural heritage and foster national pride.

9. Russia has boundaries with 14 countries: Poland and Lithuania (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea.

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1) The flag of Portugal has more than one name: Bandeira das Quinas (Flag of the five Eschutceons) and Bandeira Verde-Rubra (Green-Red Flag). The two main colors on the flag are green and red. Red symbolizes the blood loss of those fighting for Portugal to become a republic, while green symbolizes hope for the future. Thus, the Portuguese flag represents both the past and a glimmer of hope for the future. The armillary sphere on the Portuguese flag represents the “golden age” of maritime expansion during the 15th and 16th centuries. The shield represents Portuguese victories of the past. The 7 yellow castles on the red part represent the 7 castles that Portugal took back from the Moors during battles. The 5 smaller blue shields in the white area of the shield represent the 5 Moorish kings that Afonso I, the first King of Portugal, killed. There are also 5 white dots within each blue shield representing the 5 wounds of Christ.

2) Roughly 10 million people are living in Portugal. Portuguese people make up 95% of the population, 5% are foreign-born people and people from Portugal's former colonies in Africa, Asia (Han Chinese), and South America (Brazilian).

3) Portugal is composed of seven regions. Porto and the North, the Center, Lisbon and the Tagus Valley, Alentejo, Algarve, the Azores Islands (an autonomous region), and the Madeira Islands (an autonomous region).

4) Portuguese is the nation's official language and is spoken across the nation. Additionally, in some parts of northeastern Portugal, especially in the Miranda do Douro region, the regional language Mirandese is acknowledged and spoken. However, only a small portion of the population uses it.

5) The main religion in Portugal is Roman Catholicism, with most of the population identifying as Catholic. Although Catholicism is the most common religion, Portugal is a secular nation with smaller populations of Protestant, Muslim, Jewish, and Hindu adherents as well as an increasing number of atheists.

6) Portuguese art is diverse and deeply influenced by Christian, Moorish, and Roman traditions. Its distinctive features include azulejos (ceramic tiles) and Manueline architecture, exemplified by the Jerónimos Monastery. Portuguese painting thrived during the Renaissance and Baroque periods, while modern artists like Paula Rego and Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso gained international acclaim. The country is also known for its religious sculptures and innovative contemporary artists such as Joana Vasconcelos and Vhils. Portugal’s art reflects its rich history and evolving cultural identity, with 26 UNESCO classifications, including intangible heritage, landscapes, and monuments.

7) Portugal has a variety of tasty foods that show its rich culinary traditions. The food choices in Portugal are affected by different factors, such as geography, history, culture, and climate. For example, Bacalhau à Brás is a seafood dish made with shredded salted cod, onions, potatoes, and eggs, garnished with olives and parsley. Other popular dishes include Cozido à Portuguesa, Alcatra, Caldo Verde, Port Wine, and Bolinhos de Bacalhau, among many others.

8) Portugal hosts many vibrant cultural festivals that celebrate its traditions, history, and arts. Notable events include the Festa de São João in Porto on June 23rd, featuring street parties and fireworks, and the Festas de Lisboa in June, which honors Saint Anthony with music and grilled sardines. The Festa de Nossa Senhora da Agonia in Viana do Castelo in August showcases colorful processions and folk music, while Coimbra’s Queima das Fitas in May marks the end of the academic year with parades. In November, the Festa de São Martinho celebrates the wine harvest with roasted chestnuts. These festivals reflect Portugal's rich cultural heritage and spirit.

9) Portugal shares a land border with only one country: Spain. It is located to the north and east of Portugal.

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1) FLAG OF THE FINLAND

Finland flag has a white bearing a blue represent a background of snow and lakes. The blue cross represented of a Scandinavian cross, it also known as Nordic cross. The flag adopted in 28 May 1918, which is 106 years ago.

2) POPULATION

The latest population in Finland is 5,617,,074 based on Waldometer's elaboration of the US Nation data. They estimated Finland population 2024 at 5,617,310 people.

3) REGION

The official Republic of Finland is a Nordic country in Northen Europe. It shares land borders with Norway, Sweden and Russia.

4) MAIN LANGUAGE

The official language in Finland is Finnish and Swedish. Finnish are mainly spoken by the majority of the population and some communities spoke in Swedish.

5) MAIN RELIGION

According to Finnish government statistics that main religion is Christian because almost 66.6% of population are registered to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland ( ELC ).

6) ARTS

The most vital art movements in Finland is contemporary folk art or outsider art. Finns called it as ITE art, the ITE represent the word " itse tehty elämä " which means " self-made life ".

7) FOOD

One Finland traditional food is pulla or in English, cardamom bread. It has a unique flavour cardamom. It also has white suger or sprinkle of almonds on top. There are many type of pulla such as butter and sugar bun, also vegan pulla.

8) FESTIVAL

Juhannus is Finland's main national holiday and celebrated each year aroubd summer in the late of June. They gathering to enjoy light and warmth after the long winter season through bonfires while listen to traditional music, and do the outdoor activities.

9) NEIGHBOUR COUNTRY

Finland shared borders with Norway, Sweden and Russia. Finland is bordered to the north by Norway, to the east by Russia, to the south by the Gulf of Finland, to the southwest by the Gulf of Bothnia, and to the northwest by Sweden.

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Nur Zawani Mat Dzahir (A24A3144)                                  KENYA CULTURE

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Nur Zawani Mat Dzahir (A24A3144)                                  KENYA CULTURE

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1) The flag of Kenya is a tricolour of black, red, and green with two white edges imposed with a red, white and black Maasai shield and two crossed spears. The flag is mainly based on that of Kenya African National Union and was officially adopted on 12 December 1963 after Kenya's independence.

2) The current population of Kenya is 56,758,153 million people as of Friday, October 18, 2024. It based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data. Kenya ranks number 26 in the list of countries and dependencies by population.

3) Kenya is divided into eight provinces, namely, Nairobi (the capital city), Central, Coast, Eastern, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley and Western.

4) The two official languages, English and Swahili, are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations. Today, English is the official language in Kenya, while Swahili enjoys the status of the national language.

5) Christianity is the dominant religion in Kenya. However, Islam is the second largest religion in Kenya. Other faiths practiced in Kenya are Baháʼí, Buddhism, Hinduism and traditional religions.

6) Kenya's artistic heritage includes a rich tradition of traditional crafts, such as beadwork, woodcarving, pottery, and basket weaving.

7) Kenyan cuisine includes ugali, chapati, githeri, goat, Nyama Choma, stews, samosas and sukuma wiki.

8) Maralal International Camel Derby is one of the most popular events in Kenya. The festival features camel racing as the main event whereby both amateurs and professional camel racers show their ability to control the camels to the finish line.

9) Kenya is a country in East Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean in south east, neighboring countries are Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.

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Flag

The national flag of the Kingdom of Belgium is a tricolour consisting of three equal vertical bands displaying the national colours: black, yellow, and red. The colours were taken from the coat of arms of the Duchy of Brabant, and the vertical design may be based on the flag of France. The Belgium flag's yellow, red, and black colors each represent the lion seals of several of the country's founding regions: Red - Hainaut, Limburg, and Luxembourg. Yellow - Brabant. Black - Flanders and Namur.

Population

On 1 January 2024, the legal population in Belgium was 11,763,650 inhabitants. Between 1 January 2023 and 1 January 2024, the Belgian population has grown by 66,093 inhabitants.

Region

The Kingdom of Belgium is divided into three regions. Two of these regions, Flanders and Wallonia, are each subdivided into five provinces. The third region, Brussels, does not belong to any province, nor is it subdivided into provinces.

Main language

elgium, a country in Western Europe, is known for medieval towns, Renaissance architecture and as headquarters of the European Union and NATO. The country has distinctive regions including Dutch-speaking Flanders to the north, French-speaking Wallonia to the south and a German-speaking community to the east.

Main religion

Over half the population identifies as Roman Catholic. The next largest religious affiliation of the population who identify as either atheist or agnostic. However, there are also small amount of other religions such as orthodox, Islam and other beliefs.

Arts

The paintings of the Flemish masters are on display in museums and cathedrals across the country; Belgium's contribution to Art Nouveau is clearly evident in the Brussels cityscape, and folk culture is kept alive in a variety of indoor and outdoor museums. Besides, from ceramics to porcelain, wood, fabric and even plastic, the craft industry in Brussels is extremely diverse and in great shape. It upholds the increasingly popular values of authenticity, local expertise, reliability and quality. Belgium is also famus for their arts in architecture. Examples of great Gothic civic architecture abound in Flanders. The great ecclesiastical examples are St. Michael's Cathedral.

Food

Belgian cuisine traditionally prizes regional and seasonal ingredients. Ingredient typical in Belgian dishes include potatoes, leeks, grey shrimp, white asparagus, Belgian endive. hrse meat and beer, in addition to common European staples including meat, cheese and butter. Outside the country, Belgium is best known for its chocolate, waffles, fries and beer.

Festival

Carnaval de Binche. This 14th century festival is one of the most loved traditional festivals in Belgium. It lasts for three days and includes processions and fireworks. Other than that, Boombal festival. A colourful folk-dance festival where people from all over the world come to enjoy the wonders of folk dance. This is held in August every year.

Neighbour country

Belgium is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the south, and the North Sea to the west.

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Download wallpapers Belgian flag, 4k, silk, flag of Belgium, flags, Belgium flag for desktop free_ Pictures for desktop free

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1) The flag of Morocco features a red field with a green pentagram (five-pointed star) in the center. The red symbolizes bravery and strength, while the green represents Islam and hope. The pentagram, known as the Seal of Solomon, is often associated with wisdom and protection, making it a significant emblem in Moroccan culture.

2) As of recent estimates, Morocco's population is approximately 37 million people and the population is a mix of Arab-Berber (Amazigh), sub-Saharan African and European.

3) Morocco is located in North Africa and is part of the Maghreb region, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

4) Arabic and Amazigh (Berber) are the official languages, and French is widely used in government, business, and education.

5) Islam is the predominant religion, with the majority of Moroccans identifying as Sunni Muslims.

6) Traditional music, dance, pottery, and weaving are all parts of Moroccan art. The country is famous for its complicated tile work, architecture, and vibrant handicrafts, like carpets and leather goods.

7) Moroccan food, which includes pastilla, couscous, and tagine, is rich and diverse. Spices are essential like cinnamon, cumin, and saffron are frequently utilised.

8) One of the most notable festivals is the Marrakech Popular Arts Festival, celebrating Moroccan culture through music, dance, and performances. Other important events include Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

9) Morocco shares land borders with Algeria to the east and southeast and Western Sahara to the south. It is also in proximity to Spain across the Strait of Gibraltar.

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1) The flag of Morocco features a red field with a green pentagram (five-pointed star) in the center. The red symbolizes bravery and strength, while the green represents Islam and hope. The pentagram, known as the Seal of Solomon, is often associated with wisdom and protection, making it a significant emblem in Moroccan culture.

2) As of recent estimates, Morocco's population is approximately 37 million people and the population is a mix of Arab-Berber (Amazigh), sub-Saharan African and European.

3) Morocco is located in North Africa and is part of the Maghreb region, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

4) Arabic and Amazigh (Berber) are the official languages, and French is widely used in government, business, and education.

5) Islam is the predominant religion, with the majority of Moroccans identifying as Sunni Muslims.

6) Traditional music, dance, pottery, and weaving are all parts of Moroccan art. The country is famous for its complicated tile work, architecture, and vibrant handicrafts, like carpets and leather goods.

7) Moroccan food, which includes pastilla, couscous, and tagine, is rich and diverse. Spices are essential like cinnamon, cumin, and saffron are frequently utilised.

8) One of the most notable festivals is the Marrakech Popular Arts Festival, celebrating Moroccan culture through music, dance, and performances. Other important events include Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

9) Morocco shares land borders with Algeria to the east and southeast and Western Sahara to the south. It is also in proximity to Spain across the Strait of Gibraltar.1) The flag of Morocco features a red field with a green pentagram (five-pointed star) in the center. The red symbolizes bravery and strength, while the green represents Islam and hope. The pentagram, known as the Seal of Solomon, is often associated with wisdom and protection, making it a significant emblem in Moroccan culture.

2) As of recent estimates, Morocco's population is approximately 37 million people and the population is a mix of Arab-Berber (Amazigh), sub-Saharan African and European.

3) Morocco is located in North Africa and is part of the Maghreb region, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

4) Arabic and Amazigh (Berber) are the official languages, and French is widely used in government, business, and education.

5) Islam is the predominant religion, with the majority of Moroccans identifying as Sunni Muslims.

6) Traditional music, dance, pottery, and weaving are all parts of Moroccan art. The country is famous for its complicated tile work, architecture, and vibrant handicrafts, like carpets and leather goods.

7) Moroccan food, which includes pastilla, couscous, and tagine, is rich and diverse. Spices are essential like cinnamon, cumin, and saffron are frequently utilised.

8) One of the most notable festivals is the Marrakech Popular Arts Festival, celebrating Moroccan culture through music, dance, and performances. Other important events include Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

9) Morocco shares land borders with Algeria to the east and southeast and Western Sahara to the south. It is also in proximity to Spain across the Strait of Gibraltar.

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1) The flag of Ireland is the national flag of Ireland (Irish: An Bhratach Náisiúnta), also known as tricolour consists of green, white and orange. Similar to the flag of France, the Ireland national flag also features three vertical bands in three different colours. The green colour on the flag represents a Roman Catholicism, the orange represents peace and stands between green and orange to bridge the gap between the two as a unifying colour that brings these two groups together for the sake of national harmony.

2) Ireland’s current population is estimated to be 5,270,627 people in October 2024. The population of Ireland in 2024 is estimated to 5,255,017 people at middle of the year. Ireland’s population is equivalent to an increase of 0.064% from 2023. The population of Ireland in 2023 was 5,056935, a 0.67% increase from 2022.

3) Originally Ireland is made up of four provinces and 32 counties. The provinces are Munster, Ulster, Connaught and Leinster. Munster, the southwestern province of Ireland, consists of the two largest counties in Ireland, Cork and Kerry. The second province, Ulster, one of Ireland’s ancient provinces and the most northerly of Ireland’s four traditional provinces. Connacht or Connaught comprises the counties on the west coast of Ireland. The five counties of Connacht are Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and Sligo. The last county of Ireland, Leinster, is the southeastern province of Ireland. It comprises the countries of Carlow, Longford, Louth, Westmeath, Wicklow, Wexford, Dublin, Kildare, Laoighis, Meath, Offaly, and Kilkenny.

4) English and Irish (Gaeilge) are the most widely spoken language in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. In the Republic of Ireland, under the Constitution of Ireland, both languages have official status, with Irish being the national and first official language.

5) Christianity has been the largest religion in Ireland since 5th century and the shamrock’s association with the Holy Trinity is symbolic of the strong connection between Irish culture and Catholism. Catholicism in Ireland became closely associated with Irish nationalism and the fight against English rule. Many Irish people also identify as Catholic, which they do not go to church regularly, but they still doing traditional rituals such as baptism and confirmation.

6) Ireland has a rich cultural heritage in arts consists of visual arts, sculpture, mural and landscape painting, illuminated manuscript, celtic art, textile arts, and stone carvings.

7) The national dish of Ireland is Irish Stew. It was traditionally made with hearty dish of mutton, potatoes, and onions. Moreover, the famous food in Ireland are Irish Soda Bread, Ulster Fry, Colcannon Mash and Champ, Potato Farls or Potato Bread, Irish White Pudding, Irish Barmbrack and many more.

8) Patrick’s Day is probably the most famous festival in Ireland. It was originally held in honour of St. Patrick, one of Ireland’s patron saints but the modern celebration has transformed into a celebration of culture, music and arts. Besides that, Irish people also celebrate Fleadh Cheoil na hÉireann in August every year, being the largest Irish music festival in the world. Puck Fair, one of the popular festivals originally involves a puck (or male goat), and Cork Jazz Festival is one of the top three jazz festival in the world.

9) United Kingdom is the only country that shares a border with Ireland, sometimes referred to as the Irish border, which separates the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland, a province of United Kingdom.

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1)The flag of libya features a horizontal triband design of three different colors.The color is inspired by the banner used by the senussi dynasty of cyrenaica.The colors are also meant to represent the history and features of the nation.In the center of the flag is white crescent moon and white five pointed star.The cresecent moon was selected to symbolize the beginning og the lunar month based on the muslim calendar.The star is symbol of hope and the end of darkness in the nation.The red color to represent thr blood that was shed in the quest for the nation freedom.The black color is symbol of the dark days when the region was occupied by italy.Lastly,the color green symbol of wealth,prosperty,and the nation agriculture.

2)Libya's population is estimated to be around 6.8 milion people on 2023.The population is deverse,with a mix ethnic group,including Arab and Berbers.

3)Libya is comprises three main historical region.These region is tripolitania is located in the northwest.secondly,cyrenaica is located in the east,cyrefeatures a rugged landscape and include major cities like Benghazi and Tobruk.Lastly,fezzan is located in southwest.

4)The main langguage spoken in Libya is Arabic which is the official langguage.Berber langguage are also spoken by communities,particulary in the mountain regions.English is widely taught and used especially in business or education.

5)The main region is islam,with majority of the population adhering to sunni islam.It is because islam plays a significanf role in the cultural and social life of the country.

6)Libyan art is deverse and deeply influenced by the country history,culture and geography.Traditional art suchbas embroidery.Islamic art such as architecture,calligraphy and decorative art.Cave art is libya is home to ancient rock art in the sahara region.And lastly, performing art such as music and dance,with traditional form like the "Rai" genre being popular.

7)The cuisine of Libya is a mix of Berber,arab and mediterranean cuisines with ottoman and italian influence.Popular dished in Libya is bazin.Bazin is traditional dish made from barley flour,typically served with a meat sauce.

8)Libya celebrate many festival such as Hari Raya aidilfiti (celebrate for muslim),Ghadames festival is celebrate in the historic town of ghadames,this festival showcase traditional music dance and craft.

9)It border the medditerannean sea to the north,egypt to the east,sudan to the southest,chad to the south,Algeria to the west and tunisia to the northwest as well as maritime border with greece ,italy and malta to the north

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1) The flag of Thailand show five horizontal stripes in the colours red, white, blue, white and red with the central blue stripes being twice as wide as each of the other four. The design was adopted on 28 September 1917, according to the royal decree issued by Rama VI. Since 2016, that day is a national day of importance in thailand celebrating the flag.

2) The current population of Thailand is 71,653,760 as of Thursday, October 17, 2024, based on Worldometer's eleboration of the latest United Nations data. The population density is relatively high, especially in urban areas like Bangkok. For the most accurate and up-to-date figures, it's best to check reliable sources such as goverment statistics or international organizations.

3) Thailand is variably divided into different sets of regions, the most notable of which are the six-region grouping used in geographic studies, and the four-region grouping consistent with the Monthon administrative regional grouping system formerly used by the Ministry of Interior. The regions are Central Thailand, including the Thai capital of Bangkok, Eastern Thailand, Northern Tailand, Northeast (Isan), Southern Thailand and Western Thailand.

4) The main language in Thailand is Thai, which is the official language of the country. Thai uses its own script, which is an abugida derived from the Old Khmer script. English is also commonly used in tourist areas and among younger generations, particulary in business ang education.

5) The vast majority of people in Thailand are adherents of Buddhism. The Theravada tradition of Buddhism came to Thailand from Sri Lanka and is shared by peoples in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and parts of southern China and southern Vietnam. There are also small communities of Muslims, Christians, and other religions, but Buddhism remains the dominant faith in the country.

6) Traditional Thai art and craft ranges from paintings and musical instruments to beautiful silk, silver wear, pottery, puppets, Khon masks, model warships, bronze wear, soap craving, sculptures, wood and stone carvings, ceramics and much more.

7) Thai cuisine is the national cuisine of Thailand. Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with aromatics and spicy heat.

8) Thailand hosts numerous vibrant festivals throughout the year, celebrating its rich culture and traditions. Some of the most notable include Songkran, Loy Krathong, Yi Peng, Chinese New Year, Visakha Bucha and King Birthday. These festivals showcase Thailand's cultural diversity and communal spirit, drawing locals and tourists alike to take part in the celebrations.

9) Thailand is bordered to the northwest by Myanmar, to the northeast and east by Laos, to the southeast by Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the southwest by the Andaman Sea. It also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast and Indonesia and India to the southwest.

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WAN AHMAD SYAHMI BIN WAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (A24B2865)

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WAN AHMAD SYAHMI BIN WAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (A24B2865)

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1. Flag

Design Elements:

The red stripe symbolizes the struggle for independence and the bloodshed during the revolution.

The white stripe represents peace and the desire for a better future.

The black stripe signifies the oppression of the past, particularly under colonial rule.

The Eagle of Saladin represents strength and courage, and it is a national emblem that also appears on the coat of arms.

2. Population

Demographics:

The population is predominantly Arab, with a small number of Berbers, Nubians, and other ethnic groups. The majority of people live in urban areas, especially in cities like Cairo, Alexandria, and Giza.

Cairo, the capital, is one of the largest cities in Africa and the Middle East.

3. Region

Geography:

Egypt is located in the northeastern corner of Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east.

The Nile River, one of the longest rivers in the world, flows through Egypt and is crucial for agriculture and irrigation, supporting most of the population.

4. Main Language

Arabic:

Arabic is the official language, with Egyptian Arabic being the most common dialect spoken in everyday conversation.

The language has influenced literature, science, and commerce throughout history.

5. Main Religion

Islam:

Approximately 90% of Egyptians are Muslim, primarily Sunni. Islamic practices influence daily life, laws, and social norms.

The Coptic Orthodox Church represents the largest Christian minority in Egypt, with Copts tracing their heritage back to the early Christian community in Egypt.

6. Arts

Ancient Arts:

Egyptian civilization is renowned for its monumental architecture, such as the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the temples at Luxor and Karnak. Hieroglyphics are a key aspect of their writing system.

Mummies and tomb paintings provide insights into ancient beliefs about the afterlife and the significance of burial practices.

Modern Arts:

Egyptian cinema is significant in the Arab world, with iconic films and stars such as Omar Sharif.

Literature: Naguib Mahfouz won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1988, known for works like "The Cairo Trilogy," which explores Egyptian life and society.

7. Food

Traditional Dishes:

Koshari: A hearty dish made of rice, lentils, pasta, and topped with tomato sauce and crispy onions, often considered the national dish.

Ful Medames: A staple breakfast dish of stewed fava beans served with olive oil, lemon, and garlic.

Molokhia: A green stew made from the leaves of the jute plant, often served with rice or bread.

Street Food: Common snacks include ta’amiya (Egyptian falafel made from fava beans) and sambousak (savory pastries).

8. Festival

Ramadan:

A holy month of fasting observed by Muslims, marked by increased prayer, reflection, and community. Iftar (the meal breaking the fast) often involves family gatherings.

Eid al-Fitr:

Celebrated at the end of Ramadan, it includes communal prayers, feasting, and giving of gifts.

Coptic Christmas:

Celebrated on January 7, involving a midnight mass and traditional meals after the fast.

9. Neighbour Countries

Borders:

Libya to the west, with historical ties and cultural exchanges.

Sudan to the south, where the Nile flows from.

Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, impacting regional politics and conflicts.

Significance: Egypt plays a pivotal role in African and Middle Eastern geopolitics, serving as a bridge between the two continents.

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1) The flag of Jamaica was adopted on 6 August 1962, the day Jamaica became independent from British Empire. The flag consists of a gold saltire, which divides the flag into four sections: two of them green (top and bottom) and two black (hoist and fly). It is currently the only national flag that does not contain a shade of the colours red, white, or blue. Jamaica's national flag is also sometimes referred to as "The Cross" or as the "Black, Green, and Gold" due to its form and colours.

2)The current population of Jamaica is 2,838,554 as of Thursday, October 17, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data.

3)Jamaica is part of the Caribbean region. The Caribbean is named for the sea in which the Caribbean islands are located.

4)Although English is the official language of Jamaica, the majority of the population speak Jamaican Patois.

5)Christianity is predominant religion in Jamaica. Jamaica's laws establish freedom of religion and prohibit religious discrimination. According to the census of 2011, 69% of the population are Christians of various denominations, while 21% stated they had no religion.

6)Jamaica's rich artistic tradition extends to the realm of ceramics and pottery. Discover the beauty and craftsmanship of locally made ceramic pieces that showcase the talent and creativity of Jamaican artisans.

7)Jamaican cuisine is known for its bold flavors and vibrant dishes. Here are some popular foods from Jamaica: Jerk Chicken,Ackee and Saltfish,Curried Goat,Rice and Peas.

8)Reggae Sumfest is the largest music festival in Jamaica and the Caribbean, taking place each year in mid-July in Montego Bay. Sumfest started in 1993.One highlight of the Jamaica calendar of events is Carnival in Jamaica, a day of dazzling parades where costumed revelers dance through the city streets in bright, colorful costumes. Carnival has an entire series of events leading up to the big parade and will ensure a uniquely Jamaican experience for music fans.

9)amaica is a large island in the Caribbean Sea. It lies 630 kilometres north-east of mainland Central America. Its close neighbours are Haiti, to the east, and Cuba, to the north. There are mountains and plateaus to the interior and east of the island.

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The Sri Lanka Culture (Dhashika Dewi A24A3434)

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The Sri Lanka Culture (Dhashika Dewi A24A3434)

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1)The Sri Lankan flag also known as the"Lion Flag" or the sinha flag. It features a golden lion holding a kastane sword on a maroon background, symbolizing Sri Lanka for its rich heritage. Around the lion are four bo leaves representing Buddhism. Two vertical stripes of green and orange represent the Tamil and Muslim communities.

2)According to Worldometer, Sri Lanka has a population of 23,140,718 with a diverse ethnic mix including Sinhalese, Tamils, Moors, and Burghers.

3)Sri Lanka is an island country located in the Indian Ocean, just south of India, separated by the Palk Strait. It lies off the southeastern coast of the Indian subcontinent.

4)Sri Lanka has two official languages which are Sinhala and Tamil. Sinhala language are spoken by the Sinhalese people and Tamil are spoken by the Sri Lankan Tamils. English is widely used for administration and education purposes.

5)70% of the Sri Lanka population identity themselves as practicing Buddhism and 13% of the population practices Hinduism. 10% of the Sri Lanka population are Muslims. The other 7% are Christians. Hence, we cn conclude that Buddhism are the main religion of Sri Lanka.

6)Sri Lanka has a rich artistic heritage, with influences from Buddhism and Hinduism.Traditional arts include painting, sculpture, and architecture seen in ancient Buddhist temples and monasteries. Kandyan dance which is considered sacred and masterpiece by the Sinhalese,drumming, and mask-making are well-known aspects of performing arts.

7)Sri Lankan cuisine is known for its bold flavors, primarily using rice, coconut, and spices. Dishes such as rice and curry, hoppers, string hoppers, and kottu roti are popular among the Sri Lankan people.

8)One of the most important festivals is Vesak, which celebrates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Buddha. It is marked with lanterns, decorations, and religious activities. Other notable festivals include the Sinhala and Tamil New Year, Kandy Esala Perahera, and Deepavali (Diwali).

9)Sri Lanka shares a maritime border with India and Maldives. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan are also neighboring countries of Sri Lanka.

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1) The flag of Papua New Guinea known as "Flai bilong Papua Niugini" in their language. The features of five white stars stand for the Southern Cross constellation, which represents hope and direction for the country, a black field represents the indigenous people, a red field represents the fight for independence and bravery, and a yellow Bird of Paradise symbolizes the nation's rich biodiversity and spirit.

2) As of 2023, Papua New Guinea has an estimated population of around 9 million people. The population is diverse, with over 800 different languages spoken and numerous ethnic groups. The country has a young demographic, with a significant proportion of the population under the age of 25.

3) Papua New Guinea is located in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands. It is situated to the north of Australia, southeast of Indonesia, and northeast of the Solomon Islands. The country is surrounded by the Coral Sea to the east and the Arafura Sea to the south.

4) Papua New Guinea has three official languages: Tok Pisin, Hiri Motu, and English. Tok Pisin is widely spoken as a lingua franca, while Hiri Motu is used in certain regions. English is used primarily in government, education, and formal settings. Additionally, there are over 800 indigenous languages spoken throughout the country, reflecting its rich cultural diversity.

5) The predominant religion in Papua New Guinea is Christianity, with around 95% of the population identifying as Christians. The major denominations include Roman Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheran Church, and various Pentecostal and Baptist groups. There are also traditional beliefs and practices that coexist alongside Christianity, with some communities maintaining indigenous spiritual practices. Overall, the country's religious landscape is characterized by a blend of Christianity and local traditions.

6) Papua New Guinea boasts a rich and diverse artistic heritage that includes traditional art forms such as intricate carvings, masks, and sculptures used in rituals; weaving and textiles made from natural fibers. Body art like tattoos and body painting that signify status and tribal affiliation. music and dance integral to ceremonies, featuring unique instruments and a growing contemporary art scene where artists blend traditional themes with modern techniques to explore cultural identity and social issues.

7)Papua New Guinea features a diverse culinary landscape that includes staple foods like kaukau (sweet potato) and taro, as well as sago derived from the sago palm, which is often made into pudding or porridge. fresh fish and seafood reflecting the country's extensive coastline. meats such as pork, chicken, and goat prepared in stews or roasted, and a variety of tropical fruits like bananas, pineapples, and papayas, with many traditional dishes cooked in earth ovens (Mumu), where food is wrapped in leaves and slow cooked with hot stones, showcasing the rich local ingredients and cultural practices.

8) Papua New Guinea hosts a variety of vibrant festivals that celebrate its rich cultural heritage, including Sing-Sing gatherings featuring traditional music, dance, and costumes from different tribes. National Independence Day on September 16, marking independence from Australia with parades and cultural performances. the Mount Hagen Cultural Show, which brings together various tribes for traditional dances and competitions. the Hiri Moale Festival in Port Moresby, celebrating ancient Hiri trade expeditions with canoe races and craft markets and the Baiyer River Festival, showcasing the cultural diversity of the Western Highlands through singing, dancing, and arts and crafts, all of which promote community cohesion and pride.

9) Papua New Guinea shares maritime borders with several neighboring countries, including Indonesia to the west, with which it has a land border on the island of New Guinea. Australia to the south, separated by the Torres Strait, and the Solomon Islands to the southeast, along with Vanuatu further southeast across the ocean, all of which contribute to the region's cultural and economic interactions.

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1. The flag of iran, know as "bendera tiga warna" has three stripes which are the green stripe above, the white stripe in the middle and the red stripe below with the coat of arms of Iran in the middle of the white stripe. In addition, this change of flag reflects the changes in the country of Iran after the revolution.

2. Iran has a population of 88,640,104 on Tuesday, October 15, 2024. The population is from the ethnic or Persian tribes, Azerbaijanis, Kurds, Lurs, Baloch, Turkmen and Turkic tribes.

3. Iran is located in western Asia, divided into thirty one provinces.

4. Iran's official language is Farsi. The constitution also recognizes Arabic as an Islamic language and has established a formal status as a religious language. In addition, there is another language used, namely Azeri and Kurdish.

5. Iran is a religious country. Religions in Iran are Islam, Christianity, Judaism and the Magi. Adherents of Islam are the largest group in this country, which is 99 percent of the population of Iran. Christianity is one of the main religions in Iran and most of them are descendants of Assyrians and Armenians. Next, Judaism is one of the oldest religions in Iran. In addition, other minorities are Hindus, Sikhs, Bahai, Mandean and Yarsan.

6. Art in Iran is theater. Theater is one form of art in a society that shows all the stories that exist in that society.

7. Traditional cuisine in Iran consists of staples such as rice with meat, vegetables and beans. Also uses popular fruits in Iranian cuisine including plums, pomegranates, quinces, prunes, apricots and raisins. Iran also uses herbs in their cuisine. In addition, the cuisine in Iran is also influenced by neighboring countries. Among traditional Iranian dishes are Ghormeh Sabzi, Dizi, Abu Reshteh, Kabab Koobideh, Khoresh Gheymeh and so on.

8. The festival in Iran is Nowruz marking the beginning of the Persian New Year and the arrival of spring which is celebrated for 13 days with various traditions and customs. In addition, Yalda Night (Shab-e Yalda) is celebrated to honor the triumph of light over darkness. The importance of Ashura is to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad. Hari Raya Aidilfitri aims to celebrate the end of fasting in the holy month of Ramadan. Hari Raya Aidiladha's significance is commemorating the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son.

9. The country of Iran shares borders with the countries of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the northwest, the Caspian Sea in the north, Turkmenistan in the northeast, Pakistan and Afghanistan in the east, Turkey and Iraq in the west and the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.

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1) The national flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a deeply symbolic design featuring a blue field with a yellow triangle that separates the field, and it is adorned with seven full white five-pointed stars and two half stars along the hypotenuse of the triangle. The triangle shape represents the country's territory and three main ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The flag's white stars represent Europe and are meant to be infinite in number, the flag's colors of white, blue and yellow are associated with peace and neutrality and the flag's symbolizes the country's efforts towards reconciliation and coexistence.

2) The population of Bosnia and Herzegovina is 3,157,277. This is about 0.04% of the world's total population, also Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks 136th in the world by population.

3) Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest.

4) The people in Bosnia and Herzegovina has three national languages, Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian. Bosnian is the language of the Bosniaks, or the Bosnian Muslims.

5) The main religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina is Islam, with Sunni Muslims making up about 52% of the population. There are other religions in the country including Serbian Orthodox Christianity, Roman Catholicism and Protestantism and Judaism. The country has a law that prohibits discrimination based on religion in employment and social services.

6) Bosnia and Herzegovina boast a vibrant and diverse art scene, shaped by its unique history and diverse cultural influences. There's a glimpse of Bosnia and Herzegovina's art. Bosnia and Herzegovina rich in traditional crafts like embroidery, rug making, pottery, and wood carving as well as musical tradition, with folk music being particularly important. Instruments like the gusle (a one stringed fiddle) and zurla (a double reed pipe) are central to traditional performances. Furthermore, folk dances are an intergral part of Bosnian culture, with various styles reflecting different regions and ethnicities that often feature lively rhythms and intricate steps. Their art also influences in painting, sculpture and architecture.

7) Some foods that are popular among people in Bosnia and Herzegovina are dolma which is traditional dish of peppers stuffed with minced beef and spices, often served as an appetizer or side dish, tufahije, sarma, pijeskavica, yaprak sarmasi bosanski lonac, ajvar and pita.

8) Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country with a lively festival. One of the festival is International Sarajevo Winter Festival that held in February, this festival is a celebration of arts and culture with exhibits, performances, and competition. other festival like Sarajevo Film Festival, Kozara Ethno Festival and Color Festival.

9) Bosnia and Herzegovina is bordered by three countries which is Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro.

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Flag Of The Country

The flag of Qatar consists of the maroon background with a white serrated band on the left side. the maroon color symbolizes the blood shed in the country past and the white represents peace. The nine serrated edges of the white band symbolize Qatar's position as one of the nine signatories of the 1916 Treaty of Qatari independence. The design reflects both the nation’s history and its cultural identity

Population

Qatar's population is approximately 3.06 million people.

Region

Qatar is located in the Middle East, on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the Persian Gulf to the north, east, and west, and shares a land border with Saudi Arabia to the south. The capital city is Doha, which is also the largest city in the country.

Main Language

The official language of Qatar is Arabic (Bahasa Arab) but English is widely spoken as a second language.

Main Religion

The predominant religion in Qatar is Islam. The official state religion is Sunni Islam and the country follow a version of Islamic law (Sharia.) Qatar is known for its tolerance towards other religions and there are places of worship for various faiths, including Christianity, hinduism, and Buddhism, reflecting its diverse community.

Arts

The art scene in Qatar is a vibrant blend of traditional and contemporary influences, reflecting the country's rich cultural heritage and its modern aspirations. For example is museums, public art, music, teater and dance, handicrafts, Doha fire station and Qatar arts festival.

Food

Traditional Qatari food is rich in flavor and reflects the country's cultural heritage. Here are some key traditional dishes such as Saloona, Machboos, Luqaimat, Balaleet, and Harees.

Festival

Qatar hosts a variety of vibrant festivals throughout the year that celebrate its culture, heritage, and the arts such as Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha, Ramadan, Qatar National Day, Qatar International Art Festival, Qatar Culture Village Festival and Qatar Summer Festival.

Neighbour Countries

Qatar shares a land border with only one neighboring country Saudi Arabia. The border is located to the south of Qatar. To the north, east, and west, Qatar is surrounded by the Persian Gulf.

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1) Flag of the country

The flag of Laos was introduced on December 2, 1975. The red colour symbolizes the blood of those who died for the independence of Laos and the blue symbolizes the wealth of natural resources. The white disk symbolizes the moon rising above the Mekong River and also the harmony of the country under the rule of the communist government.

2) Population

The population of Laos is estimated at 7,769,819 people at mid year. Laos population is equivalent to 0.1% of the total world population. Laos ranks number 103 in the list of countries and dependencies by population. The population density in Laos is 34 per km2.

3) Region

Laos officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is divided into 17 provinces Lao pronounced Khoeng, Qwang or Khoueng and one prefecture, the Vientiane capital city municipality Nakhon Louang, or Na Kone Luang Vientiane. The special administrative Zone Khet Phiset, Xaisomboun, created in 1994, was dissolved on 13 January 2006. In 2013, parts of the former special administrative zone was reestablished as Xaisomboun province.

4) Main language

Lao sometimes referred to as Laotion, is the official language of Laos and a significant in the isan region of northeastern Thailand, where it is usually referred to as the Isan language. in Laos, Lao is not only the official language but also a lingua franca, bridging the linguistic diversity of a population that speaks many other languages. Internationally, Lao is spoken among diaspora communities, especially in countries like the United States, France, and Australia, reflecting its global diasporic presence.

5) Main religion

Theravada Buddhism is the largest and dominant religion in Laos. Theravada Buddhism is central to Lao cultural identity. The national symbol of Laos is the That Luang Stupa, a stupa with a pyramidal base capped by the representation of a closed lotus blossom which was built to protect relics of the Buddha.

6) Arts

The Laotians have a variety of regional and rural art forms, including weaving, basketmaking, wood and ivory carving, silverwork, and goldwork. There are a number of musical instruments that are characteristic of the rural Lao as well as the midland and upland minority communities. The most widely known of such instruments is the khene, a wood-and-bamboo mouth organ that is used by various rural peoples. Other instruments include assorted flutes, plucked and bowed lutes, drums, and cymbals. The country  also has a wealth of regional vocal music  traditions most of which are designated by some form of the term khap or lam. Performance of such vocal music often takes the form of a spirited battle of knowledge, wit, and artistry between the sexes. Most music is not written down but is transmitted through oral tradition.

7) Food

The staple food of the Lao is sticky rice (khao niao). Laos has the highest sticky rice consumption percapita in the world with an average of 171 kilograms of sticky rice consumed annually per person. Sticky rice is deeply ingrained in the culture, religious tradition, and national identity of Laos. It is a common belief within the Lao community that no matter where they are in the world, sticky rice will aways be the glue that holds the Lao communities together, connecting them to their culture and to Laos. Affinity for sticky rice is considered the essence of what it means to be Lao. Often the Lao will refer to themselves as luk khao niao which can be translated as 'children or descendants of sticky rice'.

8) Festival

Lao New Year or Pi Mao Lao, also known as Songkran, is one of the most important and liveliest festivals in Laos. It takes place over three days in the middle of April every year. Each day signifies the last day of the old year, a day of "no year", and the first day of the new year respectively, Laotians welcome their new year by splashing scented water on one another, symbolising the washing away of the past and welcoming of the new.

9) Neighbour country

Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bodered by Myammar, and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. Its capital and largest city is Vientiane.

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1)    Flag of the country: The national flag of Kuwait is green, white, red with horizontal stripes with a raised black truncated triangle. The Kuwait flag was adopted on 7 September 1961 and was officially flown on 24 November 1961. Before 1961, the flag of Kuwait was red and white, like those of other Persian Gulf States at the time, with the field being red and words or charges being written in white. It is the only flag in the world featuring an acute trapezium.

2)    Population: The current population of Kuwait is 4 960 111 as of Saturday, October 12, 2024, based on Worldometer’s elaboration of the latest United Nations data. Kuwait 2024 population is estimated at 4 934 507 people at mid year. Kuwait population is equivalent to 0.06% of the total world population.

3)    Region: Kuwait is devided into six governorates, and in each there are several areas. Areas are much less commonly called by other names such as districts or towns. The Arabic word for area, Mintaqah, can mean both mean area and region. Areas are further subdivided into blocks, each od which is refereed by to a number. Some areas may be further subdivided into Jaddah, which might be translated to avenue or lane.

4)    Main language: The official language of Kuwait is Arabic, which is Semitic language written from right-to-left in Arabic script. Modern standard Arabic (MSA) is used for official written purposes.

5)    Main religion: The Kuwait constitution states that Islam is the main, official religion of Kuwait. Islam and the Islamic (Islamic law) are the main sources of the Kuwait Laws and Legislations. Most of the Kuwait population embraces Islam. Majority of the Kuwait Muslims are Sunnis and the rest are shia’s.

6)    Arts: Kuwait culture describes the cultural aspects of the Kuwait society and is part of the Eastern Arab culture. Kuwait popular culture, in the form of dialect poetry, films, theater, radio and television soap operas, is growing rapidly and is even being exported to neighboring countries.

7)    Food: Kuwait has their own special food, among which is Machboos Laham. In terms of rice the same as other Middle Eastern that combine rice, meat or chicken with strong spices. Apart from Machboos Laham, Kuwait also has other quite popular rice dishes, namely Quozi and Maglooba.

8)    Festival: Kuwait national festivals focus on marking their independence and liberation and religious festivals are celebrated with feasts, family get togethers, public gatherings and fireworks. Two favorite festivals are National Day and Eid El-Fit that ends the fasting month of Ramadan. People often visit their family and friends to celebrate the Kuwait festival, which is like a 3-day holiday.

9)    Neighbour countries: Kuwait shares land borders with Iraq and Saudi Arabia, and maritime borders with Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Iran. Located at the head of the Persian Gulf in the Arabian Peninsula, Kuwait is one of the smallest countries in the world in terms of land area.

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1) Flag of Cambodia

Have three horizontal stripes its a blue stripe at the, a red stripe in the middle and then a white stripe at the bottom. The meaning of red stripe are represent nation of  Cambodian and also symbolizing of their courage in defending the country. Meaning of blue stripe are represent the monarchy, reflecting the Cambodian royal family and also the country’s loyalty toward the king. White image of Angkor wat the central symbol on the flag represent about a famous temple complex that one of the iconic symbols of combodia. Its also the nation’s rich cultural heritage, historical pride and deep-rooted spiritual values. Angkor Wat originally built in 12th century as a Hindu Temple and then became a buddhist one. Cambodia know as rich religious and architectural history. The flag of Cambodia officially adopted in 1993 after restoration the monarchy and also the end of the khmer rouge regime.

2) Population

Cambodia’s population approximately 17.7 million people in October, 2024, based on worldmeter’s elaboration of the lates united nation data. Cambodia population is equivalent to 0.22% of the total world population.

3)    Region

Combodia is divided into 25 provinces and these provinces are grouped into four main regions. Which is central Cambodia , western Cambodia, northen combodia , southern Cambodia and eastern Cambodia.

4) Main Language

The main language of Cambodia is Khmer, which is the official language of the country. Khmer is used in official communication. In combodia also have minority languages. For example Cham which is part of the Austronesian language family and related to Malay and Indonesia language. English, French, Vietnamese and Chinese also minority languages.

5) Main religion

The main religion in Cambodia is Buddhism, which is the dominant religion in the country but in Cambodia also have other religions is Christianity ( mainly Protestantism and Catholicism). Christian is small minority with around 2%. Another religion in cambodia is Islam but small percentage which is less than 1% of the population.

6) Arts

Cambodia rich diverse artistic heritage that reflects its deep cultural, religious and also historical roots. The arts in Cambodia is Cambodia Classical Dance (Apsara Dance) which is one of Cambodia’s most famous and traditional art forms. Dancers wear elaborate costumes and head dresses and than their movements are slow, graceful and highly stylized.

7) Food

Cambodia cuisine influenced by both southeast Asian and local traditions. In Cambodia cuisine also include rice, fish, herbs and vegetables. Some popular dishes and foods in Cambodia. For example, Amok which is a traditional Cambodia dish made wish fish, eggs, curry paste, coconut milk and then steamed in a banana leaf cup. Another dishes in Cambodia is Lok Lak. The dishes typically served with side of rice, fresh vegetables, a dipping sauce and the main is stir-fried beef mixture of soy sauce, oyster sauce and lime sauce.

8) Festival

Cambodia is home to several vibrant and culturally significant festivals, which is tied with buddhist traditions.  Lots best festivals in combodia which is Khmer New Year. This is one biggest festivals in Cambodia with Khmer roots stop working for a whole 3 days and also Khmer community celebrates by uniting with their family members and visiting their temples.

9) Neighbour Countries

Cambodia is located in Southeast Asia and has a total land area of 69,898 square miles. Cambodia also shares a border with three countries it was Laos to the north, Thailand to the west and northwest and Vietnam to the east and southeast together with the gulf of Thailand. The total land border has length of 1572 miles. Cambodia also divided into two by the Mekong River and the areas around the river’s course are densely populated as they are fertile.

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1)      The flag of Ukraine has two different colors that have their own meaning. The top color is blue which symbolizes the blue sky and peace, while the yellow color below symbolizes the wheat fields and natural wealth that Ukraine has.

2)     According to figures from the United Nations, the total population in Ukraine will reach 37.9 million in 2024. The largest ethnic group in Ukraine is the East Slavic ethnic group, the majority of whom are adherents of the Orthodox Church, followed by ethnic Russians in Ukraine, where they are Russian descent born in Ukraine.

3)      Ukraine's position in the middle has a strategic position between Europe and Asia.

4)      The main language used by the people of Ukraine is Ukrainian, which is one of the East Slavic languages ​​in the Indo-European language family

5)      Christianity is the official religion in Ukraine, approximately 87% of the people follow this religion. In addition, there are some people who do not have any religion that is practiced which is the second highest which is as much as 11%.

6)      The country of Ukraine is famous for cloth embroidery, wood carving, ceramics and cloth weaving. This makes Ukraine able to maintain the authenticity and traditional arts of their country.

7)      Cooking in the country of Ukraine they practice an equal balance in the cooking between vegetable and meat ingredients. They prefer to take starchy foods and grains and serve them with fresh or pickled vegetables. Borsyc is one of the traditional Ukrainian foods based on red beetroot with the addition of tomato paste, meat, and vegetables. This dish is also mandatory for all women to learn to cook it before marriage.

8)       In order to maintain their traditional traditions, the people of Ukraine always celebrate several festivals such as the cloth festival, where they display woven cloth that depicts their country, besides the bread festival is done with a display of various types of bread produced to show that Ukraine is the country that produces the most wheat.

9)      Ukraine is an Eastern European country bordered by Russia, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. Ukraine has two nearby seas, the Black Sea and the Sea of ​​Azov.

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1. The flag of Chile

Known as La Estrella Solitaria (The Lone Star). The current design was officially adopted on October 18, 1817. This flag is sometimes compared to the Texas state flag due to their similarities.

2. Population

As of 2024, Chile's population is approximately 19.5 million people.

3. Region

Chile is located in South America, stretching along the western edge of the continent, with the Pacific Ocean to the west. Its geography spans deserts, mountains, forests, and coastal areas.

4. Main Language

Spanish is the official and most widely spoken language.

5. Main Religion

The majority of Chileans identify as Roman Catholic, though Protestantism and non-religious affiliations have grown in recent years.

6. Art

Chilean art is diverse, with influences ranging from indigenous cultures to European traditions. Notable expressions include traditional crafts, literature (with poets like Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral), and visual arts, particularly during the 20th century with muralism and abstract painting.

7. Popular Food

Common Chilean dishes include:

•Empanadas (pastries stuffed with meat or cheese)

•Pastel de Choclo (corn pie with meat filling)

•Asado (barbecue)

•Cazuela (meat and vegetable soup)

8. Type of Festival

Some of the most important festivals include:

•Fiestas Patrias (National Day celebrations in September, with parades, food, and dances)

•Carnaval Andino con la Fuerza del Sol (an Andean festival with colorful parades in the northern city of Arica)

•La Tirana Festival (a religious festival blending Catholic and indigenous traditions, celebrated in July)

9. Neighboring Countries

Chile shares borders with:

•Argentina (east)•Bolivia (northeast)•Peru (north)

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1) The flag of Liberia, the territory and population of Liberia was build up and get the unique flag on 9 April 1827. The basic of the design was the U.S. flag, which had 13 equal horizontal red and white stripes and a blue canton bearing a single white cross. It had a similar flag will recalled colours of the coat of arms of the U.S. state of Maryland with stripes of yellow and white. The flag of the cross show the Christian sentiments of those who ran the colonization societies.

2) Liberia has a population of around 5.5 million and covers an area of 43000 square miles (111369 km²). Between 1822 and the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, there was more than 15000 freed and free-born African Americans, 3198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to Liberia. the Americo-Liberian settlers did not relate well with other people who live in Liberia.

3) Liberia has 15 country, which is turn are subdivided into a total 90 districts and further subdivided into tribes. Grand Bassa and Montserrado are the oldest counties, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. The newest counter is Gbarpolu created in 2001. The largest of the countries is Nimba and the smallest country is Monsterrado.

4) The main language of Liberia is English. Liberia have over 20 local languages are spoken, reflecting the country's ethnic and cultural diversity. A form of English known as Liberia English are also spoken. None of other language groups forms having special with other languages

5) 85.6% people practiced Christian, while muslims just represented a minority of 12.2%. Lutheran, Baptist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, United Methodist, African Methodist Episcopal (AME) and African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AME Zion) are religion majority of the Christian population, followed by belivers of the catholic church and other non-protestant Christians.

6) As in other African arts, the visual arts of Liberia is close connected to performances and music are placed within those broader artistic tradisions. The artworks of Liberia is grouded within their local contexts and aesthetics, it also connected to the rest of the Atlantic world in a manner. Liberia is renowned for its detailed decorative and luxurious masks, large and miniature wood carvings of realistic human faces, famous people, daily lives and accessories example like combo, spoons and forks which are often enlarged sculptures.

7) The food of Liberia centered on special dishes of rice, cassava, plantain, yam, tropical fruits and vegetables like potatoes, greens, cassava leaf, okra, cabbage, as well as fish, meat and more. Liberian cuisine is also affected by African American through Americo Liberians and Caribbean food and recipes.

8) Liberia celebrate their independence day falls annually on July 26, which is a national holiday. Monoria held official events and parties across the land. Liberia aslo celebrate the islamic festival of Eid al Fitr brings end the holy month of Ramadan, held during July or August depend on the Islamic calendar. It is a joyful event celebrating the end and eat traditional food gathering throughout Liberia.

9) Liberia is situated in West Africa, bordering in the North Atlantic Ocean to the country's southwest. Liberia is bordered by Sierra Leone in the northwest, Guinea in the north and Ivory Coast in the east; it covers a total area of 111369 square kilometers. The Atlantic Ocean to its south and southwest.

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1. A plain red flag was used in Oman as early as ad 750, and from 1868 to 1871 a plain white flag, symbol of the imam (religious leader), served as the national flag.The ruling sultan was deposed on July 23, 1970, and the new sultan, Qābūs ibn Saʿīd, began to modernize the nation: he changed its name to Sultanate of Oman and, on December 17, 1970, introduced the new national flag. White symbolizes peace and prosperity, red the battles fought against foreign invaders, and green the fertility of the land. Unofficially, white is associated with the imamate, red the sultanate, and green the mountainous interior area known as “Green Mountain”, Al-Jabal Al-Akh[dsubdot]ar. Also featured is the national coat of arms, dating from about 1940 and consisting of two crossed swords, a dagger, and a belt. On November 18, 1995, the horizontal stripes at the fly end, originally of different widths, were made equal.

2. Oman has a population of about 5.28 million as of 2024, which is a 4.60% population increase from 2023.[11] and is the 123rd most-populous country. The coast faces the Arabian Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by United Arab Emirates on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and the Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.

3. Oman was divided into five regions (mintaqah) and four governorates (muhafazah).[4] The governorates were Muscat, Dhofar, Buraimi and Musandam. Buraimi Governorate was created in October 2006 from parts of Ad Dhahirah Region. The regions are further subdivided into 61 wilayat. Each region has one or more regional center with a grand total of 12.

4. Only Saudi Arabs (0.6% of the population) have traditional Arabic as their first language. The main dialects are Arabic Oman (45.9%), the Arab Gulf (16.8%) and the Arab Dhofari (2.6%). Immigrant populations use their original languages: South Baluchi (4.9%), Malayalam (4.7%), Bengali (4.2%), etc. Many immigrants speak English. Some Omanis, called ‘Omani Africa’, who lived in the Congo, Burundi and Rwanda, speak French.

5. Religion in Oman is dominantly Islam as Muslims account for a total of 88% per cent of the entire population. The rest are immigrants who have settled in Oman creating an influx of outside religions in Oman like Christianity, Buddhism, Jew, Hinduism. A few people or almost 2 per cent of the population follow no religion. They recognize themselves as atheists.

6. Oman’s rich cultural heritage and captivating history find vibrant expression in the country’s visual arts. Omani artists draw inspiration from their surroundings, weaving traditional elements, symbols, and motifs into their creations. Their artworks offer a profound glimpse into the heart of Omani culture, showcasing the land’s natural beauty, the warmth of its people, and the enduring traditions that connect generations.

7. The Oman diet is rich in fish and seafood and has been described as a “fish broth diet” because the fish broth and fish are eaten at almost every meal. Common ingredients include date palms, fish, herbs, spices, and sea salt. The cuisine is influenced by Indian, Arabian, Persian, and African food. Oman people usually eat their meals either as lunch or dinner, but never as breakfast.

8. To talk about the popular festivals in Oman, we must know that many of their festivities are related to Islam. However, there is also a Christian minority and a Hindu minority, as well as branches such as Sunniism and Shiism, which mark the events in this country. For an example of Oman festivals is Masqat Festival, Isra and Mi'raj, Eid al-Fitr, Renaissance Day, Salalah Tourism Festival, Muharram and National Day.

9. Oman borders Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen; it shares maritime borders with Iran and Pakistan. The country is bounded by the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman; at the Musandam Peninsula it borders the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf.

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1. The flag of Slovenia consists of three horizontal stripes of white, blue, and red, from top to bottom. In the upper left corner, it features the national coat of arms, which includes a blue shield with three white stars arranged in a vertical line above a wavy white stripe symbolizing the country's rivers and the Triglav mountain. The colors of the flag represent Slavic heritage, and the coat of arms reflects Slovenia's historical and geographical identity.

2. As of 2023, Slovenia has an estimated population of around 2.1 million people. The population has remained relatively stable in recent years, with a slight increase due to natural growth and immigration.

3. Slovenia is divided into several regions, each with distinct cultural and geographical characteristics. The main regions include.

- Drava Region: Known for its rivers and lush landscapes.

- Savinja Region: Renowned for its natural beauty and the Savinja River.

- Zasavje Region: Historically significant for its coal mining.

- Central Sava Region: Features diverse natural attractions.

- Pomurje Region: Known for agriculture and the Mura River.

- Prekmurje Region: Distinct for its unique culture and dialect.

- Goriška Region: Famous for wine production and natural beauty.

- Karst Region: Known for its unique karst formations and caves.

- Ljubljana Urban Region: Includes the capital city, Ljubljana, and surrounding areas.

These regions contribute to Slovenia's rich cultural tapestry and varied landscapes.

4. The main language spoken in Slovenia is Slovene (Slovenščina). It is the official language and is used in government, education, and media. Additionally, various regional dialects are spoken throughout the country, reflecting Slovenia's diverse linguistic heritage.

5. The main religion in Slovenia is Roman Catholicism, which has a significant influence on the country's culture and traditions. Other religious communities exist, including Protestantism and Orthodox Christianity, but the majority of the population identifies as Catholic.

6. Slovenia has a rich artistic heritage that encompasses various forms, including literature, music, visual arts, and theater.

- Literature: Slovenian literature boasts notable figures such as France Prešeren, a national poet, and contemporary authors like Drago Jančar. The country celebrates its literary traditions through festivals and awards.

- Visual Arts: Slovenia's visual arts scene features traditional and modern works. Artists like Ivana Kobilca and emerging contemporary artists showcase the country’s diverse artistic expressions.

- Music: Slovenia has a vibrant music culture, from folk traditions to classical compositions. The country is known for its choirs and orchestras, as well as contemporary music genres.

- Theater: The Slovenian theater scene includes both classical and modern productions, with prominent theaters in Ljubljana and other cities contributing to a lively performing arts community.

- Architecture: Slovenia's architecture ranges from medieval castles to modernist designs. Notable architects include Jože Plečnik, who influenced the capital city’s layout.

Overall, Slovenian arts reflect a blend of cultural influences and a strong national identity.

7. Here are some famous foods from Slovenia is Potica, Kranjska, Klobasa, Štruklji, Idrija Žlikrofi, Jota, Gibanica, Freshwater Fish. These dishes highlight Slovenia's rich culinary heritage and regional diversity.

8. Slovenia hosts numerous festivals throughout the year, celebrating its culture, music, arts, and traditions. Some notable festivals include, Ljubljana Festival, Piran Musical Nights, Slovenian Wine Festival, Kranjska Gora Summer Festival, Festival of Slovene Film, Cukrarna Festival. These festivals reflect Slovenia's vibrant cultural scene and offer a glimpse into its artistic and culinary heritage.

9. Slovenia shares borders with four countries, that is Austria to the north, Italy to the west, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast. These neighboring countries contribute to Slovenia's cultural diversity and geographical landscape.

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1.The flag of Spain has changed many times over the years. Today, it comprises two red bands above and below a double-width yellow band. At the center-left of the flag is the coat of arms of Spain. The flag of Spain is known in Spanish as Bandera de España, which means the flag of España (the Spanish name for Spain). The flag is also known as Rojigualda, which literally means red and yellow in Spanish.The current Spanish flag was adopted in 1981, after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco came to an end. Though Spain remained a monarchy after Franco's death, it adopted a new democratic constitution.

2.The population of Spain is approximately 47 million people. Spain, the third-largest country in Europe, belonging to four major ethnic groups Catalan, Basque, Galician, and Castilian. There are also the Andalusian, Gitanos, Levante, Magyar, and Jewish ethnic minorities.

3. Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities. Spain have 7 main regions Andalusia is known for its Moorish architecture, flamenco music, and thriving cities such as Seville and Granada. Catalonia is famous for its own language, Catalan culture, and cities such as Barcelona. Madrid is the capital region, renowned for its political significance, cultural institutions, and active nightlife. Valencia is known for its beaches, the famed paella, and the City of Arts and Sciences. Basque Country is known for its distinct language (Euskara), rich culinary traditions, and stunning landscapes. Galicia is famous for its lush green landscapes, seafood cuisine, and the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage. Aragon is known for its historical sites and the Pyrenees Mountains. These regions all have unique identities and contribute to Spain's diversified culture.

4.The official language in Spain is Spanish or Castilian Spanish, which is spoken by all citizens. In addition to Spanish, some Autonomous Communities have an official language of their own. Spoken in Catalonia, Galician in Galicia, Basque in the Basque Country and a portion of Navarre, and Catalan elsewhere.

5. Spanish people are divided 95% Catholic and 5% Muslim. There are churches and museums wherever you look, but Catholicism also permeates daily life through religious celebrations of holidays and festivals. In Spain, every town, hamlet, and city has a patron saint.

6. Spain has a rich and diverse artistic heritage that spans centuries and includes various movements and styles. For example, painting Renaissance: Artists such as El Greco and Diego Velázquez made great contributions. Velázquez's "Las Meninas" is a masterwork of the era. Francisco Goya is a well-known personality for his emotive and often dark paintings. Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí made significant contributions to modern art, with Picasso's "Guernica" being particularly well-known.

7. Spain boasts a rich culinary tradition, with each region offering its own specialties. Firstly, Paella this famous rice dish, which comes from Valencia, is usually cooked with vegetables, chicken, rabbit, or shellfish, along with saffron. Española tortilla a substantial omelette made with potatoes, frequently served as a tapa or entrée. It's made with eggs, potatoes, and occasionally onions; it's simple but wonderful. Gazpacho a refreshing Andalusian soup made with tomatoes that is ideal for hot summer days. Ingredients like bell peppers, cucumbers, and garlic are usually used. Jamón Ibérico a kind of cured ham that's quite valuable in Spain. It's typically eaten on its own or with bread after being thinly sliced.

8. Spain is renowned for its colorful and varied celebrations, which all pay homage to the rich cultural legacy of the nation. The following are a few of the well-known traditional festivals. Firstly, Buñol's La Tomatina. This exciting festival, which takes place on the final Wednesday of August, features a huge tomato fight in Buñol's streets. Overripe tomatoes are thrown at one another by participants, resulting in a vibrant and chaotic scene.. Pamplona's San Fermín. This July festival, known for the running of the bulls, is held. It all culminates in a colorful celebration of Basque culture with traditional music, dance, and an abundance of regional cuisine. Holy Week, or Semana Santa.This religious celebration is celebrated all over Spain, but especially in Seville and Málaga. It is characterized by ornate processions, beautiful floats, and traditional music.

9. Spain has two neighboring nations. Portugal. Portugal, which is situated to the west, borders Spain along a considerable length of land that runs from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pyrenees mountains in the east. France. Spain and France share a northeastern border that is primarily mountainous and includes the Pyrenees range. Furthermore, Ceuta and Melilla, two independent cities of Spain, are situated on Africa's northern coast and border Morocco.

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1) The national flag of Algeria (علم الجزائر) consists of two equal vertical bars, green and white, charged in the center with a red star and crescent, a symbol of Islam as the nation's prominent faith. The flag was adopted on 3 July 1962. A similar version was used by the Algerian government in exile from 1958 to 1962.

2) The current population of Algeria is 46,995,162 as of Wednesday, October 16, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data. The population is a mix of various ethnic groups, primaly Arabs, Berbers, Arabized Berbers, other Berbers and other.

3) Algeria officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a State of North Africa which is a part of the Maghreb. It is the biggest country lining the Mediterranean Sea and the vaster first one of Africa.

4) The official languages of Algeria are Arabic and Berber. Arabic is spoken by about 81% of Algerians, while Berber languages are spoken by 27%. French, though it has no official status, is still used in media (some newspapers) and education due to Algeria's colonial history.

5) Sunni Islam is the majority and state religion in Algeria. About 99% of the Algerian population are Muslims, specifically Sunni Muslims. It also has Christian and Jewish minorities who make up less than 1% of the population.

6) Modern art in Algeria was influenced by the country’s earlier artistic traditions, including local pottery, metalwork, embroidery, weaving, glasswork, and jewelry design. It was also inspired by Arab, Amazigh, African, and Islamic traditions and motifs.

7) Algerian cuisine offers a variety of dishes depending on the region and the season, but vegetables and cereals remain at its core. Most of the Algerian dishes are centered around bread, meats (lamb, beef or poultry), olive oil, vegetables, and fresh herbs. Popular dishes include couscous, chorba (soup lamb or beef), mahdjouba (flatbread), rechta and other.

8) Algeria observes several religious and secular holidays, including the important Islamic festivals and commemorations such as Ramadan, the two ʿīds (festivals), Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, and mawlid (the Prophet's birthday), as well as national holidays such as Independence Day at 5 July every year.

9) Algeria is the biggest country lining the Mediterranean Sea and the vaster first one of Africa. It shares ground borders in the northeast with Tunisia, in the East with Libya, in the South with Niger and Mali, in the southwest with Mauritania and territory of the Western Sahara, and on the West with Morocco.

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Population

The population of Georgia in 2023 was 3,728,282, a 0.43% decline from 2022. Therefore, the current population of Georgia in 2024 is 3,717,425, a 0.29% decline from 2023.

Region

There are five regions in Georgia such as Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain.

Main language

Georgian (ქართული ენა, kartuli ena, pronounced [ˈkʰartʰuli ˈena]) is the most widely spoken Kartvelian language; it serves as the literary language or lingua franca for speakers of related languages. It is the official language of Georgia and the native or primary language of 88% of its population.

Main religion

Christianity is the predominant religion in Georgia. The wide variety of peoples inhabiting Georgia has meant a correspondingly rich array of active religions in the country.

Art

There is a art called Georgian Art. It grew along with the development of the Georgian statehood, starting from the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia and flourishing in the Middle Ages during the Kingdom of Georgia. Because of Georgia's location at the intersection of continents and numerous civilizations, over the centuries the country attracted travelers, merchants, missionaries and conquerors of all kinds and creeds, all of which left marks on the country's cultural and artistic environment throughout its history. Georgian art tradition has thus experienced influences from Mesopotamian, Anatolian, Greek, Persian, Roman and Byzantine art throughout antiquity.

Food

There also have some traditional foods such as :

Khachapuri.

Khinkali.

Shkmeruli.

Georgian Wine.

Pkhali.

Nigvziani Badrijani.

Churchkhela.

Festival

One of the interesting festival in Georgia called Cheese Festival. During the festival, the guests had an opportunity to taste a variety of cheeses: strong and hard dambal-khacho cheese, spicy guda, tenili kveli woven into a braid, cheeses soaked in oil, honey, spices and even wines.

Besides, one of the main autumn events in Georgia is the ingathering of grapes called

Rtveli. For Georgia, There is no exact date of Rtveli as it depends on the harvesting dates of a specific region. Ripe bunches of grapes are cut with a knife and put in the baskets, then the harvest is shifted in the clay containers – kvevri. Аfter harvesting the festive meal starts – the table is full of delicious local dishes such as appetizing barbecue, khachapuri, local cheese, freshly baked bread and, of course, home-made wine.

Neighbor country

Georgia is situated in the Eastern European region of South Caucasus. In the southeast, it has a border with Azerbaijan, in the south with Armenia and Turkey, and in the north with Russia. The western part of Georgia meets the Black Sea, which connects Georgia physically to the European Union.

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RAJA NUR FARAH'AIN (A24A3150) AFGHANISTAN CULTURE

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RAJA NUR FARAH'AIN (A24A3150) AFGHANISTAN CULTURE

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1) FLAG OF THE COUNTRY

The flag Afghanistan has changed several times over the years. The Afghanistan flag has be consisted of three vertical stripes which is black (historical symbolized sovereignty and end of foreign domination), red (symbolized sacrifice and struggle for freedom) and green (represents islam, which is central to afghan culture and identity) colors juxtaposed from left to right vertically. The flag also have national emblem in white centered on the red stripe which is called insignia. The national insignia of Afghanistan has inscribed in the top middle the holy phrase “There is no God but Allah and Mohammad is his Prophet, and Allah is Great.”

2)POPULATION

Afghanistan estimated population is around 42 million people. The population is predominantly young, with a large propotion under the age 25. Afghanistan is also a multi-ethnic society, the major ethnic groups include: Pashtun, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks. Other smaller ethnic groups include Turkmen, Baloch, and others.

3)REGION

Afghanistan is located in South-Central Asia. Its bordered by Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China, Pakistan, and Iran. It is landlocked and known for its diverse terrain including the hindu kush mountains and arid deserts. Afghanistan's strategic location has made it a crossroads of trade and conflict throughout history, influencing its rich cultural diversity.

4)MAIN LANGUAGE

Afghanistan has two main languages which is Dari ( a variety of Persian) and Pashto (mainly in the southern and eastern parts of the country. Both languages are official languages and many Afghans are bilingual.

5) MAIN RELIGION

The main religion in afghanistan is islam with the vest majority of the population being Muslim which is Sunni islam ( mostly following thr Hanafi School) and Shia Islam ( mainly the Hazara ethnic group, primarily following the twelver sect).

6)ARTS

Afghanistan has a rich and diverse artistic heritage, shaped by its complex history and cultural interarctions with neighboring regions. The key forms of Afghan art include Architecture (Islamic Architecture and Ancient Buddhist Monuments), Carpets and textile (feature geometric patterns and are made from wool, using natural dyes), Miniature Painting (depicting detailed scenes of court life, epic stories, and nature), Music (combines influences from Persian, Indian, and Central Asian traditions including rubab, tabla, and dhol. Classical Afghan music especially folk music), and Contemporary Arts (often explore themes of war, identity, and cultural heritage through painting, sculpture, and photograpy).

7)FOOD

Afghanistan cuisine is known for its rich flavours, hearty ingredients, and a blend of spices that reflect influences from neighboring countries like Persia, India, and Central Asia. The popular Afghan dishes is Kabuli Pulao (national dish which is rice dish with basmati rice, lamb or beef, raisins, carrots, and nuts, flavoured with spices like cardamom and cumin), Bolani (A fried flatbread stuffed with potatoes, spinach, lentils or other fillings), Qorma (Afghan stew) and Shorwa (A traditional soup made with meat, vegetables, and beans and often served with bread).

8) FESTIVAL

Afghanistan has a rich cultural heritage and a festival are deeply rooted in islamic traditions as well as its historical and seasonal events. Major festival in Afghanistan include Nowruz (Persian New Year), Eid al-Fitr (mark the end of ramadan, the islamic month of fasting), Jeshyn-Afghan day (the independence day of Afghanistan fall on august 19 commerating the end of British control over the foreign affairs of the country) and Ashura (The 10th day of the islamic month of muharram).

9)NEIGHBOUR COUNTRY

Afghanistan shares borders with the following six countries which is Pakistan (to the southeast and south), Iran ( to the west), Turkemenistan (to the northwest), Uzbekistan (to the north), Tajikistan ( to the northeast) and China (to the far northeast).

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1) The flag of Germany consists of three horizontal stripes in black, red, and gold. This tricolor design has been associated with Germany since the early 19th century and was officially adopted in its current form in 1949. The colors symbolize German unity and freedom.

2) Germany is one of the most populous countries in Europe, with a diverse demographic that includes a significant number of immigrants and expatriates. Germany has a population of approximately 84 million people

3) Germany is divided into 16 federal states , known as "Bundesländer". Each region has its own unique culture , history and attractions.

4) The main language spoken in Germany is German (Deutsch). It is the official language and is used in government, education, and media. There are also various regional dialects and variations, such as Bavarian, Swabian, and Low German, reflecting the country’s diverse cultural heritage.

5) The main religions in Germany are Christianity, with the two largest denominations being Roman Catholicism and Protestantism (mainly Lutheran). About a third of the population identifies as Catholic, while another third identifies as Protestant. There is also a significant number of people who are non-religious or belong to other faiths, such as Islam.

6) Germany's artistic and historical legacy spans from the early Romanesque and Gothic art movements in the medieval period, such as the unique Brick Gothic architecture of the Hanseatic League, to its time as the epicentre of the Reformation and the emergence of later movements such as the Baroque and Neoclassicism.

7) German food often emphasizes hearty ingredients and flavors, making it both satisfying and comforting.

8) Germany is home to a variety of vibrant festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from culture and history to music, food, and art. Some of the most popular Festival include Octoberfest , Wurstmarkt and cannstatter Volksfest.These festivals reflect Germany's rich cultural diversity, traditions, and love for celebration. Each region has its unique way of marking these events, making them memorable experiences for visitors.

9) Germany is located in the heart of Europe and shares its borders with nine countries which is Denmark (to the north) , poland and Czech Republic (to the east). Austria ( to the southeast ) . Switzerland ( to the south ) and France , Belgium , Netherlands and Luxembourg ( to the west ) .

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1) The flag of Republic of Poland flag consisting of two stripes white and red, terminated in two triangular tongues on a free leech . In the center of the white strip, in the part between the louvre and the apex of the indentation between the tongues, is the emblem of the Republic of Poland.

2) The current population in Republic of Poland on 2024 is 38,421,836 as of Wednesday, October 16, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data¹. Poland population is equivalent to 0.47% of the total world population. Most population on Republic of Poland is Urban which is has been recorded 58.7% (22,625,763 people in 2024).

3) Republic of Poland is country of central Europe. Poland is located at a geographic crossroads that links the forested lands of northwestern Europe and the sea lanes of the Atlantic Ocean to the fertile plains of the Eurasian frontier. Poland is divided into 16 administrative regions, known as voivodeships. These regions vary in terms of geography, culture, and history, making each one unique and worth exploring.

4) The main language in Republic of Poland is Polish. Polish is the only official language recognized by the country's constitution and the majority of the country's population speak it as a native language or use it for home communication.

5) The main religions in Republic of Poland is Roman Catholicism which has been recorded as 90% of the majority of society in Poland.

6) Some of the popular forms of traditional Polish folk art include paintings, sculptures, hand-crafted Pisanki eggs, Easter palms, etc. This type of art is often very brightly colored and very detailed. It is characterized by its intricate designs and patterns, as well as the use of bright colors.

7) Bigos stew is the national dish of Poland. It can be made with any kind of meat from pork to rabbit or venison, but should always have spicy Polish sausage.

8) The Wianki Festival, also known as the Midsummer Night Festival, is a traditional pagan celebration held in Krakow and other cities in Poland. The festival takes place on the shortest night of the year, usually around the 21st of June, and involves the burning of large, elaborate wreaths on the riverbank. Jagiellonian Fair also known as one of biggest events in Poland that celebrate on August.

9) Republic of Poland borders is Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian province of Kaliningrad Oblast to the northeast.

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1) The national flag of the Philippines is a horizontal bicolor flag with equal bands of royal blue and crimson red, with a white, equilateral chevron at the hoist. In the center of the triangle is a gold-yellow sun with eight primary rays, to represent the original eight provinces that rebelled against the Spanish during the 1896 Philippines Revolution. At the vertex of the triangle is a five -pointed, golden-yellow star, each of which representing one of the country's three main island groups (Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao). The white triangle at the hoist represents liberty, equality and fraternity. A unique feature of the flag is its usage to indicate a state of war if it is displayed with the red side on top, which is affectively achieved by flipping the flag upside-down.

2) The current population of the Philippines is 116 119 080 as of October 16,2024. The Philippines population is equivalent to 1.42% of the total world population.

3) In the Philippines, regions are administrative divisions that primarily serve to coordinate planning and organize national government services across multiple local government units (LGUs). Most national government offices provide services through their regional branches instead of having direct provincial or city offices. There are two types of regions, administrative region and autonomous region.

4) Filipino, the standardized form of Tagalog, is the national language abd used in formal education throughout the country. Filipino and English are both official languages and English is commonly used by the government.

5) Christianity is the majority faith in the Philippines, making up approximately 90% of the population. The overwhelming majority are Catholic, followed by Protestant Christians including the lglesia in Cristo, independent Christian churches, and indigenous Catholic churches such as the Aglipayan Church.

6) The arts in the Philippines reflect a range of artistic influences on the country's culture, including indigenous art. Philippines art consist of two branches, traditional and non-traditional. Each branch is divided into categories and subcategories. Traditional arts in the Philippines include folk architecture, maritime transport, weaving, carving, folk performing arts folk (oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery, and other artistic expression of traditional culture. Non-traditional arts include dance music, theater, visual arts, literature, film and broadcast arts, architecture and allied arts, and design.

7) Filipino cuisine is composed of the cuisines of more than a hundred distinct enthnolinguistic groups fond throughout the Philippines archipelago. A majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the food traditions of various ethnolinguistic groups and tribes the archipelago, including the Ilocano, Pangasinan, Kapampangan, Tagalog, Biolano, Visayan, Chavacano and Maranao ethnolinguistic groups. The dishes associated with these groups evolvedover the centuries from a largely indigenous base shared with maritime Southwest Asia with varied influences from Chinese, Spanish and American cuisines.

8) Festival in the Philippines can be religious, cultural, or both. Several of these are held to honor the local Roman Catholic patron saint, to commemorate local history and culture, to promote the community's products, or to celebrate a bountiful harvest. They can be marked by Holy assess, processions, parades, theatrical play and reenactments, religious or cultural rituals, trade fairs, exhibits, concerts, pageants and various games and contest.

9) Philippines shared maritime borders with Taiwan o the north,Japan to the northeast, Palau to the east and Southwest, Indonesia to the south,Malaysia o the southwest, Vietnam to the west, and China to the northwest. It is the world's twelfth-most-populous country, with diverse ethnicities and cultures.

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1) The flag of Brunei features distinctive design that includes a yellow field with black and white diagonal stripes, running from the top left corner to the bottom right. The black stripe symbolizes the chief ministers ( Pengiran Bendahara), and the white stripe represents the Pengiran Pemancha (another high-ranking leader). Parasol is the symbol of the monarchy and the Sultan's protection over the people. Two hands on either side of the emblem represent the goverment's pledge to maintain justice and protect the welfare of the people. Lastly, arabic script is the crescent contains an inscription in Arabic, which translates to "Always render service with God's guidance". Below the crescent is a banner the reads "Brunei Darussalam," which means "Brunei, the Abode of Peace."

2) As of 2024, Brunei has an estimated population of around 462,721 people. The population is a mix of various ethnic groups, primarily Malay, Chinese and indigenous.

3) Brunei is located on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia, bordered by the South China Sea to the north and surrounded by the Malaysian states of Sarawak on the south and east. The country is divided into two distinct regions. This region of Brunei- Muara contains the capital city (Bandar Seri Begawan), Tutong is located to the west of Brunei-Muara, Belait is situated to the southwest, this region is significant for its oil and gas industries and Temburong is an isolated region to the east of Brunei-Muara.

4) The main language of Brunei is Malay, specifically Brunei Malay, which is the national language. It is used in government, education, and daily communication. English is also widely spoken, especially in business, government, and among the younger population.

5) The main religion of Brunei is Islam, which is the state religion. Approximately 78% of the population are Muslim, primarily following the Sunni branch of Islam. Brunei’s population is predominantly Sunni Muslim, although the Chinese usually follow Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism, or Christianity. Some of the indigenous peoples are Christian, while others follow their own local religions.

6) The arts of Brunei are deeply rooted in its cultural heritage and Islamic traditions. raditional Music and Dance: Bruneian music features traditional instruments like the gamelan, sapeh (a stringed instrument), and various percussion instruments. Traditional dances, such as the Aduk-Aduk and Zapin, often accompany cultural celebrations and ceremonies. Calligraphy: Islamic calligraphy is a significant art form in Brunei, often seen in mosques and public spaces. It reflects the beauty of the Arabic script and is used to convey religious texts and messages. Traditional Bruneian architecture is characterized by wooden structures, ornate carvings, and intricate designs. The Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque is a prominent example, showcasing Islamic architectural styles.

7) Bruneian cuisine is a flavorful blend of Malay, Chinese, and indigenous influences. Here are some key types of food commonly enjoyed in Brunei which is nasi lemak (coconut rice), Soto is a fragrant soup made with meat (often chicken or beef), Ambuyat is a traditional dish and satay.

8) Brunei celebrates various festivals due to its multicultural society. Hari Raya Aidilfitri is one of the most significant Islamic festivals, Hari Raya Aidiladha, Chinese New Year is celebrated by the Chinese community in Brunei, National Day is Celebrated on February 23, Hari Gawa is a harvest festival celebrated by the indigenous communities in Brunei, Maha Guru is festival honors the importance of education and teachers in Bruneian society.

9) Brunei shares its borders with Malaysia. Specifically, it is surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo. The country is divided into two separate parts: Brunei-Muara, which is the coastal region containing the capital, Bandar Seri Begawan, and the more remote regions of Tutong, Belait, and Temburong.

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1) The flag of Norway is similar to many other nordic flags such as Sweden, Denmark and Finland. The background field is red and features a blue cross with white framing. The cross is shifted closer to the left side of the flag. The Norwegian flag's design and colors carry significant meaning. The red symbolized bravery and strength while blue represents freedom and loyalty. The white color stands for peace and honesty. Overall, the flag reflects national identity and values.

2) Norway 2024 population is 5,576,660 people at mid year and equivalent to 0.07% of the total world population. Norway ranks number 119 in the list of countries by population with mix of various ethnic groups such as Norwegian, Sami, Polish, Somali, Iraqi, Romanian, kven and Romani. These groups contribute to the cultural diversity of the country.

3) Norway is a country located in Northern Europe in the nothern and western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula.

4)Norway has two official languages, Norwegian and sami. There are two main dialects of norwegian that are quite different. It is Bokmål and Nynorsk. Bokmål is more widely used while Nynorsk used mainly in western Norway.

5)Religion in Norway is dominated by Christianity with 68% of Norwegian are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. In addition, the country are free to practice any religion and allowing individuals to convert to different faiths.

6) Art in norway has a rich and diverse history, influenced by it's nature landscape, culture and history. One of the popular art in Norway is The folk art of rosemaling, these colourful floral patterns can be discovered in village throughout Norway.

7) Norwegian food features a variety of fresh and natural ingredients. Norway is famous for its fish especially salmon, cod and mackerel. Their traditional food are rakfish (firmented fish) and lutefisk (dried fish treated with lye). Besides, Lamb, reindeer and game meats are popular, often prepared in stews or roasted. For example, Kjøttkaker ( meatballs) are a common dish.

8) Norway has a rich festival culture, celebrating both traditional and modern event. The most important and widely celebrated festival in Norway are Syttende Mai, It is Norway Constitution Day and they celebrate this festival on 17th of May. Norwegian will wearing traditional costumes called bunad and community getherings. Next, Christmas ( Jul ) This celebration will celebrate with various customs, including Advent calendars, Chrismas market and traditional food.

9) Norway Shares its boarders with three countries such as sweden primarily through mountainous regions, Finland located in the northeastern part and Russia situated in the far north. Norway borders are characterized by rugged terrain, forest and rivers contributing to its scenic landscapes.

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1)Flag of the country

The flag of Turkey consists of a red field with a white star and crescent. The red background symbolizes the blood of martyrs, while the white star and crescent are traditional symbols of Islam, though they have historical roots predating the religion. The crescent is positioned to the left, with the star to its right, nestled within the arc of the crescent. The overall design is simple yet powerful, reflecting Turkey's historical and cultural significance.

2)Population

Turkey's population is estimated to be around 85 million people. The country has a relatively young demographic, with a significant proportion of its population under the age of 30. Turkey's population is primarily concentrated in urban areas, with major cities like Istanbul, Ankara (the capital), and Izmir being the most populated.

3)Region

Turkey is a transcontinental country, straddling both Southeast Europe and Western Asia. It is primarily located on the Anatolian Peninsula in Asia and a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. The two regions are separated by the Bosphorus Strait, Sea of Marmara, and Dardanelles Strait, which connect the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea.

4)Main language

The main language of Turkey is Turkish. It is the official language of the country and is spoken by most of the population. Turkish is a member of the Turkic language family and is written in the Latin alphabet, which was adopted in 1928.There are also minority languages spoken in Turkey, such as Kurdish, Arabic, Zazaki, and Circassian, primarily in regions with concentrated ethnic communities.

5)Main religion

The main religion in Turkey is Islam, with the vast majority of the population identifying as Muslim. Approximately 99% of Turkey’s population is Muslim, with most being Sunni Muslims, following the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence. Although Turkey is predominantly Muslim, it is officially a secular state, as enshrined in its constitution. This means there is no official state religion, and freedom of religion is protected, with a small minority of Christians and Jews also living in the country.

6)Arts

a)Tilework

Tilework was usually developed along with architecture. It’s believed that Turks brought art to Anatolia. Turquoise was the main color of glazed tiles used for decorating palaces, mosques, and tombs. Beautiful examples of tiles are at Topkapi Palace and Iznic (ancient Nicea). Among mosques are the tiles of the Rustem Pasha Mosque.Iznik tiles were considered the best ceramics.

b)Sedef Art

The 14th and 15th century woodworks were under the Seljuk influence. However, new decorative ways, such as Sedef, were emerging. “Sedef,” meaning “mother of pearls” in Turkish, was used as an inlay in traditional arts. Apart from pearl shells, artisans often used tortoise shells, camel bones, and ivory to decorate Sedef furniture.

7)Food

Turkish cuisine is known for its rich flavors, diverse ingredients, and deep-rooted traditions, reflecting influences from the Ottoman Empire as well as neighboring regions like the Middle East, Balkans, and Mediterranean. It combines a variety of spices, herbs, vegetables, meats, and dairy products, creating a harmonious blend of tastes. Here are some of the most iconic and traditional Turkish dishes such as kebabs,mezes,dolma and sarma,manti,baklava and borek.

8)Festival

Turkey celebrates a variety of festivals for example Republic Day Celebrates the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey. Events include parades, concerts and fireworks.Then, Ramadan (Ramazan) and Eid al-Fitr (Ramazan Bayramı).Ramadan is a month of fasting observed by Muslims. At the end of Ramadan, Turkey celebrates Eid al-Fitr, a three-day festival marked by feasts, family gatherings, and charitable activities. People visit relatives, and children receive gifts and sweets.

9) Neighbour countries

It's neighbour to the northwest is Bulgaria; Greece to the west; Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran to the east; Georgia to the northeast; Syria to the south; and Iraq to the southeast.

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1) The National Flag of Canada, often referred to simply as the Canadian flag, consists of a red field with a white square at its centre, in which is featured one stylized, red, 11-pointed maple leaf charged in the centre.

2) The current population of Canada is 39,854,546 as of Wednesday, October 16, 2024. Canada population is equivalent to 0.49% of the total world population.

3) Canada is divided into 6 regions: Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, Prairies, British Columbia and Territories.

4) The vast majority of the Canadian population commonly uses English and French, Canada's official languages, to communicate and access services.

5) The main religion of Canada is Christianity with 63.2 percent of the population self-identified as Christian.

6) Canadian art refers to the visual (including painting, photography, and printmaking) as well as plastic arts (such as sculpture) originating from the geographical area of contemporary Canada. Painting has been the focus of most Canadian artists since the arrival of the Europeans. Canadian painters were greatly influenced by the styles of their European roots, but their subject matter increasingly came to be Canadian locales and landscapes.

7) There are many culinary practices and dishes that can be either identified as particular to Canada, such fish and brewis, peameal bacon, and ginger beef, or sharing an association with countries from which immigrants to Canada carried over their cuisine, such as fish and chips, roast beef, and bannock.

8) Canada's most famous festival is the Calgary Stampede. It is a big rodeo western event that takes place in July every year.

9) Canada is bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, Greenland to the northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, 12 states of the United States to the south, and the Pacific Ocean and the U.S. state of Alaska to the west; in addition, tiny Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.

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1. The flag of Australia features a deep blue field with the Union Jack in the top left corner, symbolizing the country's historical ties to Great Britain. Adjacent to it, the Southern Cross constellation is represented by four larger seven-pointed stars and one smaller five-pointed star, highlighting Australia's location in the Southern Hemisphere. The Commonwealth Star, a seven-pointed star beneath the Union Jack, represents the six states and the territories of Australia. Officially adopted on 3 September 1901, the flag embodies both Australia's heritage and its unique geographical identity.

2. The population of Australia is estimated to be 27,460,000 as of 16 October 2024. It is the 54th most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern and Southern seaboards, and is expected to exceed 30 million by 2029.

3. Australia is divided politically into six states and two territories. They are the Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, Western Australia, Tasmania, South Australia, Queensland, and New South Wales. Australian protectorates are composed of a number of small islands around Australia. Australian core areas are conducive to large human populations. Australia has two core regions. There is a small core region in the west, anchored by the city of Perth. Most of Australia’s people live in the large core region in the east along the coast. This region extends from Brisbane to Adelaide and holds most of the country’s population.

4. The main language of Australia is English. It is the primary language used for communication in government, education, and everyday life. However, Australia is a multicultural country and many residents speak other languages due to its diverse population. These languages include Italian, Greek, Mandarin, Arabic, and various Indigenous languages, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the nation.

5. The main religion of Australia is christianity. However, in Australia having a lot of religion which is Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Indigenous Spirituality.

6. Australia Art is a broad spectrum of art created in or about Australia, or by Australians overseas, spanning from prehistoric times to the present day. The art forms include, but are not limited to, Aboriginal, Colonial, Landscape, Atelier, and Contemporary art.

7. Australia having a lot of traditional cuisine that we can try. Popular dishes in Australia ( traditional version ) is Chicken Parmiagana, Meat Pies, Lamington, Barbecue Snags and more.

8. Australia celebrate a lot of celebration due to variety society. They always celebrate Sydney New Year’s Eve , Australia Day , Adelaide Fringe and more.

9. Australia being an island continent does not share land borders with any neighboring countries. However, it is surrounded by several nations across the ocean. The closest neighbor to the north is Papua New Guinea, followed by Indonesia to the northwest, which consists of numerous islands. To the southeast lies New Zealand, separated by the Tasman Sea. Additionally, the Solomon Islands are located to the northeast. These countries are the nearest in proximity to Australia, reflecting its geographic position in the Southern Hemisphere.

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1) The flag of Uzbekistan is a symbol of the sovereignty of the Republic . The flag of Uzbekistan is a right-angled colored cloth of three horizontal stripes which is blue , white and green . Blue is the symbol of the sky and water which are the main source of life . Beside that , white is the traditional symbol of peace and green is the color of nature . Furthermore , two thin red stripes symbolizes the power of life . There are twelve stars , which stand for spiritual sign . The stars also signify the historical traditions of the Uzbekistan people , as well as ancient solar calendar .

2) The current population of Uzbekistan is approx 36 million people . The population consists of many races such as Uzbek , Tajik , Kazakh , Karakalpak dan Tatar .

3) Uzbekistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia and surrounded by five by five landlocked countries . Its capital and largest city is Tashkent .

4)  The majority language of Uzbekistan is the Uzbek language . Uzbek is an easy language to read , write , and speak . However , many other native languages are spoken in the country .

5) Islam is the main religion in Uzbekistan . This is because , a report by the Pew Research Center in 2009 stated that the Muslim population comprised 93.3% of the total population of Uzbekistan .

6) Ceramic art is one of the oldest forms of applied art in Uzbekistan , where deposits of loess clay , including pottery clay . Traditionally , the knowledge related to creating ceramic art was transmitted informally within families , from father to son and from grandfather to grandson .

7) In Uzbekistan its people are not so exposed to the variety food compared to some countries such as Thailand , Indonesia including Malaysia itself  . The staple food of Uzbekistan is palov which is rice cooked in oil and served with meat .

8) In Uzbekistan many traditions and costums are associated with national and religious holidays such as the day of the spring equinox ‘Navruz’ , Ramadan Hayit and Eid al-Adha .

9) Uzbekistan surrounded by five countries which are Kazakstan to the north , Kyrgzstan to the northeast , Tajikistan to the southeast , Afghanistan to the south and Turkmenistan to the southwest

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1) The flag of Luxembourg, horizontally striped red-white-blue national flag. The flag typically has a width-to-length ratio of 3 to 5, but the ratio 1 to 2 is also acceptable. Its national colours, derived from the ducal coat of arms, came to be used in the form of a horizontal tricolour of red-white-blue, adopted on June 12, 1845. There is no documented relationship between this flag and the flag of the Netherlands, despite their visual similarity. Moreover, the Luxembourg blue has always been a lighter shade, and its proportions have generally been different.

2) The current population of Luxembourg is 675,198 people.  Luxembourg hosts a large foreign community, almost half of its population are urban foreigners. Luxembourg has the highest number of foreigners with (70.8%), followed by Strassen (62.3%) and Larochette (58.3%). The communes of Wahl (20.4%), Useldange (21.3%), Reckange-sur-Mess (21.7%) and Goesdorf (21.7%) have the lowest proportion of foreigners.

3) Luxembourg is landlocked country in northwestern Europe. One of the world’s smallest countries, it is bordered by Belgium on the west and north (148 km), France on the south (73 km), and Germany on the northeast and east (135 km). The ancient Saxon name of its capital city, Lucilinburhuc (Little Fortress), symbolized its strategic position as “the Gibraltar of the north,” astride a major military route linking Germanic and Frankish territories.

4)Luxembourg is a point of contact between the Germanic and Romance language communities of Europe, and three languages are regularly employed in the grand duchy itself Luxembourgish, German, and French. The peoples of Luxembourg and their languages reflect the grand duchy’s common interests and close historical relations with its neighbours.

5) Christianity is the largest religion in Luxembourg. However, the country is also home to various other religions, including Muslim, Buddhist, folk religions, Hindu, Jewish and also someone with no religion.

6) There are a wide range of urban art forms. Mural painting, stencilling, graffiti, hip hop, breakdancing, rap, and slam are all forms of artistic expression that Luxembourg City. Luxembourg has over 60 art and history museums, galleries and cultural heritage spaces.

7) Famous food in Luxembourg whether in the city or countryside, eat delicious national dishes, such as Gromperekichelcher (Luxembourgish potato cakes), Kachkéis (a cooked cheese), and other specialities like Rieslingspaschtéit, Bamkuch or seasonal delights like Boxemännchen, Bretzel or Three Kings' Cake.

8) Luxembourg celebrates various festival on Christmas markets, Riesling wine tastings, festival about nuts and festival seasons have an amusing fusion of party traditions from Germany and France with an added local twist. In the spring, most holidays and festivities in Luxembourg revolve around the Easter holiday weekend, from nationwide bonfire burning to pretzel Sundays. Among the warm receptions held on festivals and public holidays in Luxembourg such as:

- Bretzelsonndeg – Pretzel Day: Even pretzels have a religious tie in Luxembourg. Pretzel Sunday is part of the Lent tradition of semi-fasting for 40 days and eating mostly fruit and fish.

- Buergbrennen – Bonfire Day: Buergbrennen (the first Sunday after Lent) casts smoke clouds throughout Luxembourg as villagers burn wood in a pagan ritual to celebrate spring solstice.

- Éimaischen – Pottery Birds: Easter Monday (the Monday after Easter Sunday) holds a folklore festival with traditional pottery markets selling ceramics in Luxembourg City and Nospelt. Whistles and flutes, called Péckvillercher, are hand-painted ceramics designed to look like adorable, colorful little birds.

However, there are still many other festivals and celebrations that are celebrated during public holidays and celebrations in Luxembourg.

9) Luxembourg is landlocked country in northwestern Europe. One of the world’s smallest countries, it is bordered by Belgium on the west and north, France on the south, and Germany on the northeast and east.

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1) The national flag of Andorra , features a vertical tricolor blue , yellow and red with the coat of arms of Andorra in the center. The coat of arms symbolizing a shield with the symbols of the four regions that make up Andorra . The national flag of Andorra symbolizes the identity and history of the country.

2) The principality of Andorra is a landlocked country that w.as the smallest countries in Europe occupying approximately 468 squares kilometres with a current population in 2024 is 82,220 based on latest United Nations estimated. Andorra population is equivalent to 0.001% of the total world population and has cultural , ethnics that comes from a different countries.

3) Andorra is located in Pyrenees region which is a mountain range between Spain and France. This country has a region consists of mountain , valleys and rivers . Andorra was divided into seven parishes which is has its own character and attractions. The region is famous for its natural beauty and popular for outdoor activities.

4) The official language of Andorra is Catalan , but Spanish , Portuguese and French also commonly spoken.

5) Roman Catholicism is the main religion of Andorra which has a significant influence on the country's religion and traditions. Andorra also has freedom of religion and community of the religion.

6) Arts in Andorra reflects to the cultural heritage and traditions of the region. There are wood carvings , textiles and handicrafts to show their cultural wealth. Andorra also has several arts such as galleries showcasing the work of local and international artist , however Church architecture and historic buildings also important in Andorra.

7) Foods in Andorra influenced by Catalan traditions and mountain cuisine , there highlights local ingredients such as cheese , smoked meats and fresh vegetables .

8) Andorra has various festivals that celebrate cultures , traditions and seasons such as , Escudella i Carn d'Olla Festival celebrates Andorra's traditional dish and the escudella stands for various culinary events.

9) Andorra share borders with two neighbouring country such as France in the north and west , and Spain in the south and east.

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1. The national flag of the Republic of Yemen consists of a horizontal tricolor of red, white, and black. The red stands for the blood of martyrs who struggle to achieve independence and unity. The white represents a bright future, and the black represents the supposed dark past.

2. The current population of the Republic of Yemen is 40,927,214 until October 16, 2024, based on the latest United Nations data. It's population is equivalent to 0.5% of the total world population, and it ranks number 37 in the list of countries by population. Sanaa, Aden, and Al Hudaydah are the main cities with the most populations.

3. The Republic of Yemen is a country in West Asia. It covers roughly 528,000 square kilometers. It is located in southern Arabia. Moreover, the interior of the country gives way to rugged mountains, including the Sarawat Mountains, a mountain range that runs through much of the western part of the Arabian Peninsula.

4. The main language of the Republic of Yemen is Modern Standard Arabic. It is the language used in government services, media broadcasts, and public education.

5. In the Republic of Yemen, more than 99% of the population is Muslim, with approximately 60% belonging to Sunni Islam and 40% of it belonging to Shia Islam. The number of Christians is estimated to be as high as 40,000.

6. The Republic of Yemen has a rich tradition of arts and handicrafts that reflect its cultural and historical heritage. For example, pottery and basketry. Pottery is known for its unique shapes and vibrant colors. It is often used to make plates and other household items. Each region of Yemen has its own particular style of baskets, and all of them are made from natural materials. Besides that, an artifact of Yemeni culture is its domestic architecture, which dates back more than 2,000 years. In the mountainous interior, buildings are constructed of stone blocks and bricks, both baked and sun-dried. These structures have curving, sensuous lines.

7. Yemeni cuisine is distinct from the wider Middle Eastern cuisines with regional variation. Although some foreign influences are evident in some regions of the country, like India and Turkey. The Yemeni kitchen is based on similar foundations across the country. Most of the cuisine is made with beans, rice, onions, and potatoes. For example, Kabsa is a mixed rice dish served on a communal platter with chicken or lamb.

8. Yemenis celebrate the traditional festival, including Eid al-Adha, which commemorates the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son in obedience to God. This festival involves prayers, the sacrifice of animals, and sharing meals with family and community. Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. Celebrating with communal prayers, feasting, and giving of gifts and charity to the less fortunate.

9. The Republic of Yemen is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, Oman to the northeast, the Red Sea to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south. It shares maritime borders with Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia across the Horn of Africa.

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FLAG OF THE COUNTRY

Since the 14th century, a white cross on a red background has been the insignia of Swiss soldiers. When Switzerland's federal constitution was adopted in 1848, the white cross in a red square became the country's official national flag. Its square shape distinguishes it from other flags.

POPULATION

The current population of Switzerland is 8,935,264 as of Wednesday, October 16, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data.Switzerland 2024 population is estimated at 8,921,981 people at mid year.

Switzerland population is equivalent to 0.11% of the total world population.

REGION

Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura, the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.

MAIN LANGUAGE

Switzerland has four official national languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Multilingualism is a fundamental aspect of Switzerland's identity and is enshrined in law. German is the most widely spoken language in the country, and almost two thirds of the population speak more than one language at least once a week.

MAIN RELIGION

The majority of Switzerland's population identifies as Christian. The largest religious group are Catholics, followed by Protestants. Apart from Reformed Protestants and Roman Catholics, Switzerland is also home to members of various other religious communities, including free churches, Orthodox Christians, Jews, Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, and followers of other faiths.

ARTS

Folk arts in Switzerland include music, poetry (usually song), dance, wood carving, and embroidery. In the cattle-breeding northern areas, there are many traditional forms of song and music, involving, for example, the yodel, a type of singing in which high falsetto and low chest notes are rapidly alternated.

FOOD

Swiss cuisine (German: Schweizer Küche, French: cuisine suisse, Italian: cucina svizzera, Romansh: cuschina svizra) is an ensemble of national, regional and local dishes, consisting of the ingredients, recipes and cooking techniques developed in Switzerland or assimilated from other cultures, particularly neighboring countries. The diversity and comprehensiveness of Swiss gastronomy reflects the linguistic, cultural and geographical diversity.

FESTIVAL

One of the largest festivals in the largest city of Switzerland is the Zur Fascht. The event lasts for three days, and only happens once every three years. During this festival, visitors from different parts of Switzerland, and the world take to the streets to celebrate it.The festival includes various activities and performances, such as operas, concerts, theater, the arts, and dance. Aside from those cultural activities, food stalls also showcase the different culinary delights of many countries in the world. The festival’s main event is its musical fireworks displays.

NEIGHBOUR COUNTRY

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.

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1) Flag of the country

The flag of England, known as the St George's Cross, features a simple design: a red cross on a white background. The cross is named after St George, the patron saint of England, and has been associated with the country since the Middle Ages.

The flag was officially adopted as the national flag of England in the 13th century, though its use dates back even earlier. The red cross symbolizes bravery and is often seen in conjunction with the Union Jack, the flag of the United Kingdom, where it represents England alongside the crosses of St Andrew (Scotland) and St Patrick (Ireland). The St George's Cross is widely recognized and used during national celebrations, sporting events, and various cultural occasions.

2) Population

As of the latest estimates, England has a population of around 56 million people. This figure can fluctuate due to various factors like births, deaths, and migration. England is the most populous country in the United Kingdom, and its population is concentrated in urban areas, particularly in cities like London, Birmingham, and Manchester.

3) Region

England is divided into several regions, each with its own distinct characteristics, culture, and economy. Here are the main regions, North East, North West, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands, West Midlands, East of England, London, South East and South West. Each region has its own unique identity and attractions, contributing to the overall diversity of England.

4) Main Language

The primary language spoken in England is English. It is the dominant language used in government, education, and daily life.

Additionally, England is home to a variety of regional accents and dialects, which can vary significantly from one area to another. Some notable accents include Cockney (from East London), Scouse (from Liverpool), and Geordie (from Newcastle).

In addition to English, there are communities where other languages are spoken, reflecting the country’s multicultural population. Languages like Polish, Punjabi, Urdu, and Bengali are among the most commonly spoken alongside English due to immigration and cultural diversity.

5) Main Religions

England is home to a variety of religions, reflecting its diverse population. The main religions include:

1. Christianity: The predominant religion, with the Church of England (Anglicanism) being the established church. Other Christian denominations include Roman Catholicism, Methodism, and various Protestant groups.

2. Islam: The second-largest religion in England, with a significant and growing Muslim community, primarily in urban areas.

3. Hinduism: A notable minority religion, largely due to immigration from South Asia, with vibrant temples and cultural festivals.

4. Sikhism: Also with roots in South Asia, Sikhism has a strong presence, particularly in cities like London, Birmingham, and Leicester.

5. Judaism: England has a long Jewish history, with communities concentrated in cities like London and Manchester.

6. Buddhism: While smaller in number, Buddhism has been growing, with various temples and organizations across the country.

7. Other Religions: There are also communities practicing religions such as Bahá'í, Jainism, and various pagan traditions, as well as a significant number of people identifying as non-religious or secular.

6) Arts

Art in England has a rich and diverse history, encompassing various movements, styles, and forms. Here are some key aspects such as historical art movement, modern art, contemporary art, institutions, public art and performing arts. The art scene in England continues to evolve, reflecting social issues, technological advancements, and global influences.

7) Food

England is known for several iconic foods that reflect its culinary heritage. Here are some famous dishes:

1. Fish and Chips: Battered and deep-fried fish, typically cod or haddock, served with thick-cut fries. It’s often enjoyed with malt vinegar and mushy peas.

2. Full English Breakfast: A hearty breakfast that usually includes eggs, bacon, sausages, baked beans, grilled tomatoes, mushrooms, and toast or fried bread.

3. Sunday Roast: A traditional Sunday meal featuring roasted meat (like beef, chicken, or lamb), served with Yorkshire pudding, roast potatoes, vegetables, and gravy.

4. Cornish Pasty: A baked pastry filled with meat and vegetables, originally made for miners in Cornwall. The crimped edge is a distinctive feature.

5. Shepherd's Pie: A comforting dish made with minced lamb and topped with creamy mashed potatoes, often baked until golden.

These dishes showcase the heartiness and comfort of traditional English cuisine, while also reflecting regional variations and influences.

8) Festival

England hosts a wide variety of festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from music and arts to food and cultural heritage. Here are some notable ones:

1. Notting Hill Carnival: Held in August, this vibrant celebration of Caribbean culture features colorful parades, music, and dancing in West London.

2. Glastonbury Festival: One of the world’s largest music festivals, usually held in late June, featuring a diverse lineup of artists across various genres.

3. Edinburgh Festival Fringe: While primarily in Scotland, many performers from England participate in this massive arts festival every August, showcasing theater, comedy, and more.

4. Leeds Festival and Reading Festival: These twin music festivals occur simultaneously in August, featuring rock, indie, and alternative music.

5. The Great British Beer Festival: Celebrated in August, this festival showcases a wide range of ales and ciders from breweries across the UK.

These festivals reflect the rich cultural tapestry of England, offering something for everyone to enjoy throughout the year.

9) Neighbour Countries

England shares its borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. Both countries are part of the United Kingdom.

Scotland: Known for its stunning landscapes, rich history, and cultural heritage, Scotland has its own distinct identity and traditions, including its own legal system and education system.

Wales: Located to the west of England, Wales is known for its rugged coastline, mountainous national parks, and the Welsh language, which is actively spoken alongside English.

Additionally, across the English Channel to the south lies France, which, while not a neighbor in the same sense, is a close and significant country in terms of trade, travel, and cultural exchange.

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1) The flag of Kiribati is red in the upper hall with a gold frigatebird and flying over a rising sun and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean and the three archipelagoes. The 17 rays of the sun represent the 16 Gibbert Island and Banaba. The yellow frigatebird symbolises command over the sea, freedom and dance pattern. The blue and white wavy bands represent the Pacific Ocean which surrounds Kiribati and the sun refer of Kiribati's position astride the equator.

2) The current population of Kiribati is 135094 based on projection of the United Nationd data. The United Data estimates the July 1 2024 population at 134518.

3) Three main grouping are the Gilbert Islands, Phoenix Islands and Line Islands. In 1995, Kiribati unilaterally moved the international date line to include itseasternmost islands, making it the same day throughout the country.

4)The people are Micronesian and the vast major speak Gilbertese. English which is the offical language. They also widely spoken especially on Tarawa.

5) In the country Kiribati, Catholicism is the single largest religion in Kiribati with over 58 percent of the population. Catholic missionaries were amongst the first Europeans to settle in Gilbert Island and in 1897 the first permanent structures were in place when it became part of the Apostolic vicariate of Gilbert Islands.

6) "NABAKAI" is a martial art from the island of Abaiang orginated from the person named nabakai. Nabakai was a member of the crab clan called"Tabukaokao". The three ancestral female spirits of this clan "Nei Tenaotarai", "Nei Temwanai" and "Nei Tereiatabuki" which usually believed to mainfest themselves with a female crab came to him and taught him the fighting art.

7）The origins of Palusami can be traced back to the indigenous people of Kiribati. It's a testament to their resourcefulness and deep connection with nature. The main ingredients are readily available on the islands—taro leaves and coconut milk.

8)Kiribati hosts a variety of cultural festivals that highlight its rich traditions and heritage. Te Runga Cultural Festival features traditional dances, music performances, and cultural ceremonies. Te Maeva Nui, or Independence Day, is marked by historical significance, parades, performances, and community gatherings.

9)Kiribati maintains close relations with its Pacific neighbours, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Fiji

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1. The flag of France, known as the Tricolore, features three vertical stripes: blue on the left, white in the middle, and red on the right. The blue represents liberty, the white symbolizes equality, and the red stands for fraternity. This design has been in use since the French Revolution and is a symbol of the French Republic.

2. With an estimated January 2024 population of 68,373,433 people, France is the 20th most populous country in the world, the third-most populous in Europe (after Russia and Germany), and the second most populous in the European Union (after Germany).

3. France is divided into several regions, each with its own distinct characteristics, culture, and geography. Metropolitan France,This refers to the part of France located in Europe and is divided into 18 regions, including: Île-de-France, home to Paris, it’s the political and economic center of the country. Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur: Known for its Mediterranean coastline and beautiful landscapes. Nouvelle-Aquitaine, The largest region, known for wine production and coastal areas like Biarritz. Réunion, an island in the Indian Ocean, famous for its volcanic landscapes. French Polynesia, Includes Tahiti and is known for its stunning lagoons and vibrant culture.

4. While French remains the sole national language of France, there are dozens of regional languages that are officially recognized by the government. These include Alsatian, Basque, Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Francoprovençal, Occitan, and the langues d'oïl, a dialect continuum composed of several northern dialects.

5. France is a predominantly Christian nation, with Catholicism as its historical bedrock. Approximately 51% of the population identifies as Christian, with the vast majority being Catholic.

6. French art has an enviable heritage that dates back to the Middle Ages when it created some of art history's best examples of Romanesque and Gothic art and architecture.

7. The most traditional foods that are eaten in France consist of bread, cheese, and wine. Almost every meal consumed in France has some sort of bread or cheese included, but one of the most traditional meals in France is pot au feu. Pot au feu is a French stew that consists of beef, onions, celery, carrots, and spices such as thyme. It is generally used as a winter comfort food, and is enjoyed in families of all socioeconomic classes.

8. Lemon Festival,Held over two weeks in February, the Fête du Citron (Lemon Festival) celebrates all things citrus in the city of Menton. More than 200,000 visitors come to marvel at the colorful floats and sculptures created from lemons and oranges.

9. The French Republic[1] has terrestrial borders with 10 sovereign states, 8 bordering Metropolitan France[2] and 2 bordering the Overseas Departments[3][4] of France, totaling 3,959 kilometres (2,460 mi). In addition, the territories of France border an additional 5 countries and territories which is Belgium to the north and Germany to the east

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1) According to Article 35 of the 1945 constitution the official name of Indonesia’s flag is Sang Saka Merah-Putih. The flag is commonly called Bendera Merah-putih and also called Sang Dwiwarna which means The Bicolour

2. Based on United Nations Data, the current population of Indonesia for the year 2024 is 284, 140 068. Fact, Indonesia is the world’s fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country.

3. ⁠Indonesia is a country in Southeast Adia and Oceania between Indian and pacific oceans. It consist of over 17,000 islands including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi and parts of borneo and New guinea. The capital city of Indonesia is Jakarta which located in Java.

4. ⁠Bahasa Indonesia is the official language in Indonesia. Besides that, Indonesian also have some of dialects that their people commonly use such as Javanese, sundanese, Balinese, Minangkabau and more.

5. ⁠Indonesia is officially a presidential republic and a unitary state without an established state religion. The first principle of Indonesia’s philosophical foundation Pancasila require uts citizen to state the belief “the one and almighty god”. However there are 87% muslim and 11% christian in Indonesia. The remaining are mostly identify as Hindu, buddhist and confucian.

6. ⁠Indonesia is famous with their local high quality of batik called Java Batik. The wax resist-dyeing technique has been used for centuries in Java.

7. ⁠Indonesian cuisine are acceptable for any country as their food is a balance taste combination of salty and spicy. There are many regional cuisines often based upon indigenous culture with some foreign influences. For example in Lombok their famous local food is Ayam Taliwang. Grill Small bird served with white rice and chili paste.

8. ⁠Indonesia have lots of festival one of it is ‘ Nyepi’. Nyepi is celebrated by Balinese people in Bali. Nyepi or Day of Silence is a religious festival that celebrated as Bali New year’s day.

9. ⁠The border of indonesia include land and maritime borders with Malaysia, New Guinea and East Timor as well as shared maritime boundaries with Australia, India,Palau,Philipines,Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam

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1. The national flag of Japan is a rectangular white banner with a crimson-red circle at its center. The flag is officially called the Nisshōki (Flag of the sun) but is more commonly known in Japan as the Hinomaru (Ball of the sun). It embodies the country's sobriquet: the Land of the Rising Sun.

2. According to the United Nations, the population of Japan was roughly 126.4 million people (as of January 2020), and peaked at 128.5 million people in 2010. It is the 6th-most populous country in Asia, and the 11th-most populous country in the world.

3. Japan is divided into eight regions. They are not official administrative units, though they have been used by government officials for statistical and other purposes since 1905. They are widely used in, for example, maps, geography textbooks, and weather reports, and many businesses and institutions use their home regions in their names as well, for example Kyushu National Museum, Kinki Nippon Railway, Chūgoku Bank, and Tōhoku University.

4. The most widely spoken language in Japan is Japanese, which is separated into several dialects with Tokyo dialect considered Standard Japanese. In addition to the Japanese language, Ryūkyūan languages are spoken in Okinawa and parts of Kagoshima in the Ryūkyū Islands. Along with Japanese, these languages are part of the Japonic language family, but they are separate languages, (citation needed) and are not mutually intelligible with Japanese, or with each other. All of the spoken Ryukyuan languages are classified by UNESCO as endangered.

5. Religion in Japan is manifested primarily in Shinto and in Buddhism, the two main faiths, which Japanese people often practice simultaneously. According to estimates, as many as 70% of the populace follow Shinto rituals to some degree, worshiping ancestors and spirits at domestic altars and public shrines. An almost equally high number is reported as Buddhist. Syncretic combinations of both, known generally as shinbutsu-shūgō, are common; they represented Japan's dominant religion before the rise of State Shinto in the 19th century.

6. Japanese art consists of a wide range of art styles and media that includes ancient pottery, sculpture, ink painting and calligraphy on silk and paper, ukiyo-e paintings and woodblock prints, ceramics, origami, bonsai, and more recently manga and anime. It has a long history, ranging from the beginnings of human habitation in Japan, sometime in the 10th millennium BCE, to the present day.

7. Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of political, economic, and social changes. The traditional cuisine of Japan (Japanese: washoku) is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes with an emphasis on seasonal ingredients. Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth. Common seafood is often grilled, but it is also sometimes served raw as sashimi or as sushi. Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura. Apart from rice, a staple includes noodles, such as soba and udon. Japan also has many simmered dishes, such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.

8. Japanese festivals are traditional festive occasions often celebrated with dance and music in Japan. In Japan, festivals are called matsuri, and the origin of the word matsuri is related to the kami (Shinto Deities), there are theories that the word matsuri is derived from matsu meaning "to wait (for the kami to descend)", tatematsuru meaning "to make offerings to the kami", and matsurau meaning "to obey the kami". The theory that it is derived from matsurau is the most popular.

9. Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it borders China, North Korea, South Korea, Russia, Taiwan, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the East China Sea. It is an archipelago of 6,852 islands, most of which are mountainous, and many are volcanic.

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1. The flag of Kazakhstan was adopted on 4 June 1992, replacing the Soviet-era flag. The flag was designed by Shaken Niyazbekov. The national flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan has a gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle, both centered on a turquoise background; the hoist side displays a national ornamental pattern called "koshkar-muiz" (the horns of the ram) in gold; the blue colour is of religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, and so symbolises cultural and ethnic unity; it also represents the endless sky as well as water.

2. Kazakhstan 2024 population is estimated at 20,592,571 people at mid year. Kazakhstan population is equivalent to 0.25% of the total world population. Kazakhstan ranks number 64 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population.

3. There are a total of 17 regions in Kazakhstan: Abai Region, Akmola Region, Aktobe Region, Almaty Region, Atyrau Region, East Kazakhstan Region, Jetisu Region, Jambyl Region, Jetisu Region, Karaganda Region, Kostanay Region, Kyzylorda Region, Mangystau Region, North Kazakhstan Region, Pavlodar Region, Turkistan Region, Ulytau Region and West Kazakhstan Region. However 3 of it are cities: Shymkent City, Baikonur City and Astana City.

4. Kazakhstan is officially a bilingual country. Kazakh(part of the Kipchak sub-branch of the Turkic languages) is proficiently spoken by 80.1% of the population according to 2021 census, and has the status of "state language". Russian, on the other hand, is spoken by 83.7% as of 2021.[1] It has equal status to Kazakh as an "official language", and is used routinely in business, government, and inter-ethnic communication.

5. Islam is the largest religion practiced in Kazakhstan, with estimates of about 74% of the country's population being Muslim. Ethnic Kazakhs are predominantly Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school. There are also small numbers of Shias.

6. The great majority of the art of Kazakhstan is applied art: the decoration of practical objects, including household utensils and patterned harnesses, through art forms such as carpet-weaving, pottery, and leatherwork. The art of Kazakhstan also includes architecture, fine arts, and sculpture.

7. Kazakh national food can best be summarized in one word: meat. Any proper lunch or dinner will include meat, and traditional cuisine is filled with recipes with horse meat or lamb as the key ingredient. Beef is used less often in Kazakh cuisine, while poultry does not even qualify as meat to the average Kazakh. Etqamyr (ет) or besbarmaq (бесбармақ), a dish consisting of boiled horse or mutton meat is the most popular Kazakh dish, and the national dish of Kazakhstan.

8. Kazakhstan celebrates many festivals. One of it is Victory Day. Victory Day is a momentous occasion in Kazakhstan, observed on May 9th, to commemorate the victory of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany during World War II.

It is a day to pay tribute to the heroism and sacrifice of the Kazakhstani people who contributed to the Allied victory and remember the millions of lives lost during the war. Victory Day honors the victory of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany during World War II and pays tribute to the bravery and sacrifice of the Kazakhstani people.

9. Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country in the world, covering some 2.7 million square kilometres. Kazakhstan is bordered by Russia to the north, the Caspian Sea to the south-west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the Kyrgyz Republic to the south, and China to the east.

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1) Flag Of The Country

The red star represents communism, red panels represent patriotism, white stripe is unification and culture, with the blue stripe representing unity. The North Korean flag features a red field with a blue stripe at the top and bottom, and a white circle in the center that contains a five-pointed red star. Each element of the flag carries specific symbolism:

Red: Represents the revolutionary spirit and the struggle for independence.

Blue: Symbolizes peace and sovereignty.

White: Stands for purity and the unity of the Korean people.

Red Star: Represents communism and the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea.

2) Population

The current population of North Korea is 26,519,964 as of Wednesday, October 16, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data. North Korea 2024 population is estimated at 26,498,823 people at mid year.

3) Region

There are 9 provinces in North Korea: Chagang, North Hamgyong, South Hamgyong, North Hwanghae, South Hwanghae, Kangwon, North Pyongan, South Pyongan, and Ryanggang.

4) Main Language

Korean is the official language of both South Korea (Republic of Korea) and North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea). The Korean language has its own script, called Hangul, which is widely used in both North and South Korea, though there are some differences in vocabulary and pronunciation between the two regions.

5) Main Religion

North Korea is officially an atheist state, and the government promotes a strong ideology of Juche, which emphasizes self-reliance and loyalty to the state. While there are no officially recognized religions, some traditional beliefs and practices, such as Buddhism and Confucianism, exist among the population.

6) Arts

North Korean art follows the genre of socialist realism, and there is almost no art without political content. Art comes in various shapes and sizes. Inkworks (chuchehua) are the most popular. There is also oil, linocuts, woodblocks, mosaics, and even jewel painting (coloured sands) and sculpture, pottery etc.

7) Food

Rice dishes and kimchi are staple Korean foods. In a traditional meal, they accompany both side dishes (panch'an) and main courses like chuk (porridge), pulgogi (grilled meat) or myŏn (noodles). Soju liquor is the best-known traditional Korean spirit.Meals are often simple, focusing on fresh ingredients and seasonal produce. Due to economic restrictions, availability can vary significantly across the country.

8) Festival

North Korea hosts several festivals that reflect its culture and political ideology. Some notable festivals include:

Arirang Festival, National Liberation Day and Harvest Festival, Kim Il-sung Day (April 15), and Kim Jong il Day (February 16) There are only two major festivals in North Korea, both of which visitors are allowed to attend – the Spring Dragon Boat Festival and the Mass Games May through October.

9) Neighbour Countries

North Korea borders China to the north and Russia in the extreme northeast. A 155-mile-long, 2.5-mile-wide strip of land known as the Demilitarized Zone (or the DMZ) separates North Korea from South Korea. To the east is the Sea of Japan and to the west is the Yellow Sea.

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1) The flag of Brazil (Portuguese: Bandeira nacional do Brasil), is a blue disc depicting a starry sky (which includes the Southern Cross) spanned by a curved band inscribed with the national motto Ordem e Progresso ('Order and Progress'), within a yellow rhombus, on a green field.

2) Brazilians are mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the country, which comprises the Southeast, South, and Northeast. But it also has a significant presence in large cities in the Center-West and North. According to the 2022 census, Brazil had 88,252,121 White people, 92,083,286 Mixed people, 20,656,458 Black people, 850,132 Asian people, and 1,227,640 indigenous people.

3) Brazil is geopolitically divided into five regions (also called macroregions), by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, which are formed by the federative units of Brazil. Although officially recognized, the division is merely academic, considering geographic, social, and economic factors, among others, and has no political effects other than orientating Federal-level government programs. Under the state level, they are further divided into intermediate regions and even further into immediate regions.

4) The primary language in Brazil is Portuguese, which is spoken by 98% of the people in Brazil. It is the language of government, education, the arts, and almost every element of daily life.

5) The main religion in Brazil is Catholicism. Brazil has the largest number of Catholics in the world. Catholicism has been Brazil's main religion since the beginning of the 16th century.

6) The creation of art in the geographic area now known as Brazil begins with the earliest records of its human habitation. The original inhabitants of the land, pre-Columbian Indigenous or Native peoples, produced various forms of art; specific cultures like the Marajoara left sophisticated painted pottery. This area was colonized by Portugal in the 16th century and given the modern name of Brazil. Brazilian art is most commonly used as an umbrella term for art created in this region post-Portuguese colonization.

7) Brazilian cuisine is the set of cooking practices and traditions of Brazil and is characterized by European, Amerindian, African, and Asian (Levantine, Japanese, and most recently, Chinese) influences. It varies greatly by region, reflecting the country's mix of native and immigrant populations, and its continental size as well. This has created a national cuisine marked by the preservation of regional differences.

8) The Carnival of Brazil (Portuguese: Carnaval do Brasil, is an annual festival held the Friday afternoon before Ash Wednesday at noon, which marks the beginning of Lent, the forty-day period before Easter. During Lent, Roman Catholics and some other Christians traditionally abstained from the consumption of meat and poultry, hence the term "carnival", from carnelevare, "to remove (literally, "raise") meat. Carnival is the most popular holiday in Brazil and has become an event of huge proportions. Except for industrial production, retail establishments such as malls, and carnival-related businesses, the country unifies completely for almost a week and festivities are intense, day and night, mainly in coastal cities. Rio de Janeiro's carnival alone drew 6 million people in 2018, with 1.5 million being travelers from inside and outside Brazil. Rio's carnival is the largest in the world according to Guinness World Records.

9) Brazil has 10 neighbouring countries. They are Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Columbia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.

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1) Flag of the country

The State Flag described in the 2008 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was adopted by enacting the 2010 Union Flag Law and the abolishment of the 1974 State Flag Law on 21 October 2010. Orders were also handed out to ensure all old national flags were burned. The 2010 Union Flag Law includes the definition of the flag. The current flag is a horizontal tricolour flag of yellow, green, and red charged with a five-pointed white star in the centre of the field. The background is a yellow, green, and red tricolor, meant to honour the tricolours used during the independence struggle. The yellow represents unity, conformity, wisdom, happiness, and unity of all national races amicably. The green symbolises fertility, conformity, fairness, and being a peaceful, pleasant, and green nation. The red represents bravery and decisiveness. The white star stands for purity, honesty, fullness of compassion, and power.

2) Population

The current population of Myanmar in 2024 is about 55 million. Myanmar is an ethnically diverse nation with 135 distinct ethnic groups officially recognised by the Burmese government. The major national ethnic races are Bamar, Kayin, Rakhine, Shan, Mon, Chin, Kachin and Karenni. Other ethnic groups like Rakhine, Kayah, Pa’O and Shanni might not appear on this map because government merge sub ethnic groups into a large single ethnic group.

Many unrecognised ethnic groups exist, such as Burmese Chinese, Panthay, Burmese Indians, Rohingya, Anglo-Burmese and Gurkha. There are no official statistics regarding the population of the latter two groups.

3) Region

Myanmar is the second largest country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by India to its west, Bangladesh to its southwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon.

4) Main Language

The official language is Burmese, spoken by the people of the plains. As a second language, by most people of the hills. During the colonial period, English became the official language, but Burmese continued as the primary language in all other settings.

5) Main Religion

Buddhist is the dominant religion, and most of the members from the majority ethnic community known as Burmans. Ethnic minorities such as the Chin, Kachin, Karin, and Rohingya, include significant populations of Christians and Muslims.

6) Arts

Art has always been an integral part of the culture of Myanmar. So, it is historically important that ten traditional art forms have been called pan sè myo or "The Ten Flowers." These ten forms, include sculpture, blacksmithing, lacquerware, painting, woodcarving, stucco relief, masonry, turnery, and bronze casting, and have survived war, insurrection, revolution, and the long passage of time, changing and persevering, but never leaving the Myanmar people without means of expression.

7) Food

Rice noodles served in a hearty, herbal fish-and shallot-based broth, mohinga is often called Myanmar's national dish. Myanmar's unofficial national dish is mohinga. It is a fine, round rice noodles served in a hearty, herbal fish-and shallot-based broth, often supplemented with the crunchy pith of the banana tree.

8) Festival

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar is a country with the biggest cultural heritage in Southeast Asia. The Burmese calendar is populated with the "12 seasonal festivals", born from the religious, social, political and educational customs and traditions of the ancient Myanmar people. These festivals are Myanmar's sacred thousand-year-old legacy, preserved throughout the ages. They also have various beneficial effects such as encouraging an influx of academics, propagating Buddhism, and bringing about prosperity for the nation.

The festivals are Tagu (March/April), Kason (April/May), Nayon (May/June), Waso (June/July), Wagaung (July/August), Tawthalin (August/September), Thadingyut (September/October), Tazaungmon (October/November), Nadaw (November/December), Pyatho (December/January), Tabodwe (January/February), and Tabaung (February/March).

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1) Flag of the country

The State Flag described in the 2008 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was adopted by enacting the 2010 Union Flag Law and the abolishment of the 1974 State Flag Law on 21 October 2010. Orders were also handed out to ensure all old national flags were burned. The 2010 Union Flag Law includes the definition of the flag. The current flag is a horizontal tricolour flag of yellow, green, and red charged with a five-pointed white star in the centre of the field. The background is a yellow, green, and red tricolor, meant to honour the tricolours used during the independence struggle. The yellow represents unity, conformity, wisdom, happiness, and unity of all national races amicably. The green symbolises fertility, conformity, fairness, and being a peaceful, pleasant, and green nation. The red represents bravery and decisiveness. The white star stands for purity, honesty, fullness of compassion, and power.

2) Population

The current population of Myanmar in 2024 is about 55 million. Myanmar is an ethnically diverse nation with 135 distinct ethnic groups officially recognised by the Burmese government. The major national ethnic races are Bamar, Kayin, Rakhine, Shan, Mon, Chin, Kachin and Karenni. Other ethnic groups like Rakhine, Kayah, Pa’O and Shanni might not appear on this map because government merge sub ethnic groups into a large single ethnic group.

Many unrecognised ethnic groups exist, such as Burmese Chinese, Panthay, Burmese Indians, Rohingya, Anglo-Burmese and Gurkha. There are no official statistics regarding the population of the latter two groups.

3) Region

Myanmar is the second largest country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by India to its west, Bangladesh to its southwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon.

4) Main Language

The official language is Burmese, spoken by the people of the plains. As a second language, by most people of the hills. During the colonial period, English became the official language, but Burmese continued as the primary language in all other settings.

5) Main Religion

Buddhist is the dominant religion, and most of the members from the majority ethnic community known as Burmans. Ethnic minorities such as the Chin, Kachin, Karin, and Rohingya, include significant populations of Christians and Muslims.

6) Arts

Art has always been an integral part of the culture of Myanmar. So, it is historically important that ten traditional art forms have been called pan sè myo or "The Ten Flowers." These ten forms, include sculpture, blacksmithing, lacquerware, painting, woodcarving, stucco relief, masonry, turnery, and bronze casting, and have survived war, insurrection, revolution, and the long passage of time, changing and persevering, but never leaving the Myanmar people without means of expression.

7) Food

Rice noodles served in a hearty, herbal fish-and shallot-based broth, mohinga is often called Myanmar's national dish. Myanmar's unofficial national dish is mohinga. It is a fine, round rice noodles served in a hearty, herbal fish-and shallot-based broth, often supplemented with the crunchy pith of the banana tree.

8) Festival

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar is a country with the biggest cultural heritage in Southeast Asia. The Burmese calendar is populated with the "12 seasonal festivals", born from the religious, social, political and educational customs and traditions of the ancient Myanmar people. These festivals are Myanmar's sacred thousand-year-old legacy, preserved throughout the ages. They also have various beneficial effects such as encouraging an influx of academics, propagating Buddhism, and bringing about prosperity for the nation.

The festivals are Tagu (March/April), Kason (April/May), Nayon (May/June), Waso (June/July), Wagaung (July/August), Tawthalin (August/September), Thadingyut (September/October), Tazaungmon (October/November), Nadaw (November/December), Pyatho (December/January), Tabodwe (January/February), and Tabaung (February/March).

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1) Flag of the country

The national flag of Austria (Flagge Österreichs) is a triband in the following order: red, white, and red. A horizontal triband of red (top and bottom) and white. A horizontal triband of red (top and bottom) and white defaced with the coat of arms of Austria at its centre.

2) Population of the country

The current population of Austria is 9,118,690 as of Wednesday, October 16, 2024, based on World meter's elaboration of the latest United Nations data¹. Austria 2024 population is estimated at 9,120,813 people at mid year. Austria population is equivalent to 0.11% of the total world population. Austria ranks number 99 in the list of countries and dependencies by population. The population density in Austria is 111 per Km² (287 people per mi²). The total land area is 82,409 Km2 (31,818 sq. miles). 58.1 % of the population is urban (5,300,327 people in 2024). The median age in Austria is 43.4 years.

3) Region

Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The landlocked country occupies an area of 83,879 km² (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of around 9 million.

4) Main language

German is the official language of Austria and an important prerequisite for participating in the working, economic and social life of the country. Croatian, Slovenian and Hungarian are recognized as official languages of autonomous population groups in some regions.

5) Main religion

Catholicism is the largest religion in Austria, representing 57.9%.of the total population in 2017. The Catholic Church's governing body in Austria is the Austrian Conference of Catholic Bishops, made up of the hierarchy of the two archbishops (Vienna, Salzburg), the bishops and the abbot of territorial abbey of Wettingen-Mehrerau.

6) Arts

The country is best known for the splendor of its baroque and rococo palaces and churches. It also contains a wealth of internationally renowned Gothic and modern architecture. Early Ecclesiastical Art. Most art in the early medieval period was church art. Austria is particularly known for its classical music, folk music, baroque architecture, coffee culture, winter sports and Alpine traditions. Austria is historically a strongly Catholic country, having been the centre of the Habsburg monarchy (1273–1918) which championed Roman Catholicism.

7) Food

Austrian cuisine is a rich tapestry of hearty dishes, sweet pastries, and comforting soups. It is a cuisine that is deeply rooted in the traditions of Central Europe, with influences from Germany, Hungary, and Italy. The cuisine is known for its robust flavors, generous use of meats and root vegetables, and a wide array of desserts that are as decadent as they are diverse. From the iconic Wiener Schnitzel to the sweet Sachertorte, Austrian cuisine offers a culinary journey that is both comforting and indulgent.

-Wiener Schnitzel is a cornerstone of Austrian cuisine. This dish consists of a thin slice of veal that is breaded and fried to a golden perfection. It is a dish that is both simple and satisfying, offering a delightful contrast of textures between the crispy coating and the tender meat.

-Tafelspitz is a traditional Austrian dish that features boiled beef in broth, served with a mix of minced apples and horseradish. It is a dish that is both hearty and comforting, perfect for a cold winter's day.

8) Neighbor Countries

Austria’s geographical position has long made it a crossroads for trade routes between the major European economic and cultural areas. Austria borders eight countries: Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland and Lichtenstein. Except for Switzerland and Lichtenstein, all these countries are part of the European Union.

9) Festivals

Salzburg Festival (Salzburger Festspiele) because of its commitment to high-caliber performances, the festival has become one of Austria's greatest cultural highlights, and one of the most anticipated Austrian festivals on the calenda, is a prestigious event that stands as one of the world's most celebrated gatherings for music and drama. Set against the stunning backdrop of Salzburg, Austria, this festival has a rich history of bringing together the most talented artists from around the world

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1)The flag of South Africa, Y shape can be interpreted as "the convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity." The black and gold signifying South Africa's mineral wealth. Three of the colours black,green and gold arre found in the flag of the African National Congress and the other three which red,white and blue are used in the modern flag oh Netherlands and United Kingdom. The colour white and blue were also found in the old flag of South Africa.

2)South Africa's mid-year population is estimated to have increased to 63,02 million in 2024,with the female population accounting for 51,0% (approximately 32,13 million) of the population.

3)South Africa is a country on the southernmost tip of the African continent,marked by several distinct ecosystems.This country have 9 regions which is Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal,Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Nothern Cape, North West and Western Cape

4)English, Afrikaans and nine ethnic languages, of which Zulu and Xhosa are the most widely spoken while most South Africans can communicate in more than one languages, English is the most commonly spoken and the language of official business and commerce

5)The main religion is Christian with 80%,no religious affiliation 15% and Muslim, Hindu ,Jewish or other faiths are only 5%

6)Tribal art in South Africa encompasses diverse forms like beadwork, pottery, wood carving, mask making and body adornment.

7)One of the famous food in South Africa is Bobotie(minced meat with spices mix with herbs and dried fruit) which is the national dish of the country and cooked in marry homes and restaurants

8)The few most popular festivals in South Africa which is Rocking the Daisies, Ultra South Africa Splashy Fen, Bushfire Festival, Klein Karoo National Arts Festival and others

9)South Africa shares borders with Namibia, Botswana to the west, and Zimbabwe in the north, with Eswatini and Mozambique in the north east and entirely surrounds the Kingdom of Lesotho

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1.FLAG

The national flag of India is a horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (kesari) at the top, white in the middle, and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is two to three with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its center.

2.POPULATION

According to the report, India's population in 2024 is projected at 1.45 billion and this will peak to 1.69 billion in 2054.Although approximately 80% of the citizens of India are Hindus, the country has a substantial population of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and adherents of tribal faiths.

3.REGION

India is the largest country of South Asia and divided into five regions Northern, Eastern, Southern, Western and Central regions according to their geographical locations.

4.MAIN LANGUAGE

These include two official languages: Hindi and English. There are also 22 official languages of India at state and/or regional level, all of which have constitutional recognition.

5.MAIN RELIGION

The main religion of India is Hindu.One of the largest Hindu populations at over 80 percent, it is also home to the world’s third-largest Muslim population at over 14 percent, and other religious minorities (Christians, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Parsis, and others) that constitute around 6 percent of the population.

6.ARTS

Indian art consists of a variety of art forms, including painting, sculpture, pottery, and textile arts such as woven silk. One of the most celebrated styles of Indian art is, Madhubani which originated in the Mithila region of Bihar as a form of wall art.

7.FOOD

Staple foods eaten today include a variety of lentils (dal), whole-wheat flour (aṭṭa), rice, and pearl millet (bajra).India doesn't have an official national dish because its cuisine is diverse and varies by culture, religion, and social class. However, many consider khichdi to be the national dish because it's a popular dish that's eaten by people of all states.

8.FESTIVAL

Diwali is arguably the biggest festival in India and is known as the homecoming of Lord Rama after a 14-year exile. Popular religious festivals include the Hindu festivals of Ganesh Chaturthi, Holi, Dussehra, and the Islamic festivals of Eid ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Mawlid an-Nabi which are celebrated throughout the country.

9.NEIGHBOUR COUNTRIES

India shares its land borders with seven countries. Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest, China , Nepal, and Bhutan in the North and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east. Towards the south, India has two neighbouring island countries - Sri Lanka and Maldives.

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1) The flag of the United States , known as "American flag and the U.S. flag, features 13 consists of thirteen horizontal stripes, alternating red and white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing fifty small, white, 50 pointed stars arranged in 9 offset horizontal rows, where rows of 6 stars alternate with rows of 5 stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 U.S. states, and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that won independence from Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War.

2) United States has a diverse population of approximately

332.18 million people . The terms used to refer to different racial groups include "White" or "Caucasian" for people of European descent, and "Black" or "African American" for people of African descent.

3) United States is located in North America, divided into five main regions :

Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, and West .

4) The official language of United States is English .

5) Christianity is the official religion of United States .However, the conversion into christianity has significantly increased among Korean Americans, Chinese Americans, and Japanese Americans.

6) United States has a national museum of contemporary visual art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art . United States has a folk art is an artistic style and is identified with quilts and other hand-crafted items.

7) United States cuisine was influenced by Europeans and Native Americans. There are a number of foods that are commonly identified as American, such as hamburgers, hot dogs, potato chips, macaroni and cheese, and meat loaf.

8) United States celebrates various festivals in the country. The festivals include New Orleans Mardi Gras, The Aloha Festival ( celebrates the rich Hawaiian culture) , and The Japanese Festival of Housten.

9) United States has land borders with only Canada and Mexico, both of them long. It has maritime boundaries with many countries due to its extensive exclusive economic zone.

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1. The flag is a green field with a white crescent moon and five-rayed star at its center, and a vertical white stripe at the hoist side. Though the green color is mandated only as 'dark green', its official and most consistent representation is Pakistan green, which is shaded distinctively darker. The flag was designed by Amiruddin Kidwai, and is based on the All-India Muslim League flag.

2. The current population of Pakistan is 252,418,239 as of Wednesday, October 16, 2024, based on Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data.

3. Pakistan may be divided into four regions which is the northern mountains, the Balochistan Plateau, the Indus Plain and the desert areas.

4. The main language in Pakistan is Urdu. In addition, people in Pakistan also use English, Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi for their daily conversations.

5. The main religion in Pakistan is Islam. But there are also believers who practice Christianity, Hinduism.

6. Pakistani art has a long tradition and history. It consists of a variety of art forms, including painting, sculpture calligraphy, pottery and textile arts such as woven silk. It shares features with Indian subcontinental art.

7. There are many food in Pakistan which is rice, wheat-based flat breads, lentils like dal, vegetables like sabzi, yogurt and fruits eaten with little salt are the staple foods of Pakistan. Some typical snacks are dahi bhala, cutlass, chaat and samosa chaat, bun kebab, chana masala, chapli kebab, shami kebab, seekh kebab, malai tikka kebab, reshami kebab, pakora and papar. Others include katchauri, samosas, bhail puri, daal seu, panipuri and egg rolls.

8. There are many festivals in Pakistan such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Shandur polo festival, Kalash festival, Pakistan Day, Mid-Sha'ban, Basant festival, Independence Day of Pakistan, Mawlid, Mela Chiraghan, Nowruz, Ramadan, Defence Day, Muharram, National Cultural Festival, Silk Route Festival, Chaand Raat, Iqbal Day, Lahore Fashion Week, Lok Virsa folk festival, Pakistan Flower Show, National Horse and cattle show.

9. Pakistan is bounded by Iran to the west, Afghanistan to the northwest and north, China to the northeast and India to the east and southeast. The coast of the Arabian Sea forms its southern border.

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Flag of the Country

The flag of the Maldives is green with a red border, featuring a vertical white crescent in the center. The red represents the blood shed for the people, the green symbolizes peace, and the crescent moon signifies Islam.

Population

The current population of the Maldives is approximately 528,348 as of October 16, 2024, according to Worldometer's elaboration of the latest United Nations data. The estimated mid-year population for 2024 is around 527,799. The Maldives' population makes up about 0.01% of the total world population, ranking it 173rd among countries and dependencies. The population density is 1,759 people per square kilometer (4,557 people per square mile), with a total land area of 300 square kilometers (116 square miles). Approximately 38.9% of the population is urban, totaling around 205,383 people in 2024. The median age in the Maldives is 31.9 years.

Region

The Maldives is divided into three distinct regions: the Northern Atolls, the Southern Atolls, and the Central Atolls. Each region offers a unique holiday experience with various resorts and attractions.

Main Language

The official language of the Maldives is Dhivehi, a unique Indo-Aryan language with roots in Sanskrit and influences from other major regional languages. Arabic influence arose with the advent of Islam in the 12th century, and English influence grew with the introduction of English medium education.

Main Religion

The majority of the Maldivian population practices Sunni Islam. Beyond the state religion, various ethnic groups exist within society, many of which have ties to South India, Arab communities, and Sri Lanka.

Arts

Maldivian arts and crafts boast a rich tradition passed down through generations, with artisans utilizing locally available materials like reeds and grasses. Key handicraft categories include lacquer ware, woven mats, coconut products, boat building, and jewelry made from silver, gold, mother of pearl, and coral. Popular items include coconut graters, wooden mortars, and decorative jewelry. Lacquer work showcases artistic wood shaping, while mats and lampshades are crafted from reeds and coconut palm stems. Tourists can explore a diverse array of beautiful handicrafts.

Food

Maldivian cuisine, also known as Dhivehi cuisine, is based on three main staples: coconuts, fish, and starches. The food is a rich and exotic blend of seafood, coconut, and starches like rice, yam, and cassava. Similar to the rest of the Indian subcontinent, Maldivian flavors are spicy and flavorful, with fresh fish and fruit harvested from the islands.

Festivals

Maldivians celebrate major Islamic festivities alongside national observances like Independence Day and Republic Day. These celebrations blend traditional and modern elements, from wooden musical instruments to urban pop. Notable festivals include:

Ramadan

Eid-Ul-Fitr

Bodu Eid

Eid-Ul-Adha

Prophet’s Birthday

The Day Maldives Embraced Islam

Independence Day

National Day

Republic Day

Neighbouring Countries

The Maldives has no neighboring countries, as it is surrounded by water and lacks direct land connections. It is a low-lying island nation in the north-central Indian Ocean, with its closest neighbors being India, about 600 kilometers northeast, and Sri Lanka, about 645 kilometers northeast. The country consists of around 1,200 small coral islands and sandbanks, of which about 200 are inhabited. Barrier reefs protect these islands.

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1) The flag of Kyrgyzstan consists of a red field charged with a yellow sun that contains a depiction of a tunduk, the opening in the center of the roof of a yurt (traditional nomadic tent). Adopted in 1992, just over seven months after the country's independence was declared, to replace the flag of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, it has been the flag of Kyrgyzstan since that year. The red on the flag is said to be inspired by the pennant lifted by Manas, the country's folk hero.

2)Kyrgyzstan has a diverse population of approximately 7 million people. The ethnic composition of Kyrgyzstan is diverse such as Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Russians, Dungan, Tatars, Ukrainians, Uyghurs, and Tajiks.

3)Kyrgyzstan is a country in Central Asia. The capital is Bishkek, the most populated city of the republic. Kyrgyz Republic has borders with Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest, and the people's Republic of China to the east.

4)The languages of Kyrgyzstan are Russian as the official and inter-ethnic language. Kyrgyz is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch, closely related to Kazakh, Karakalpak, and Nogay Tatar.

5)Muslims constitute the main religious group in Kyrgyzstan. However, the country is also home to various other religions, including Buddhism, Baháʼí, Christianity, Judaism and other religions all having a presence in the country.

6)Among the major forms of arts and crafts felt art, weaving, patterned, embroidery, making of mat, leather, products, jewelry, and wood carving. The art of making felt products is closely related to the dwelling of the nomads, the yurt. Carpets of felt, decorated with ornaments, are called "shyrdaks".

7)Kyrgyz food is known for its meat and dough dishes, and is often influenced by the country's nomadic past. Some of the popular Kyrgyz dishes is Beshbarmak, Samsa, Manty, Laghman, Plov, Kuurdak, Shaslik, and Borsok.

8)Kyrgyzstan has many festivals that celebrate the country's rich history, nomadic traditions, and culture such as, Birds of Prey Festival, Kyzyl Oi Kyrgyz National Horse Games, International Salbuurun festival, Orozo (Ramadan Fasting), and Kolfest.

9) Kyrgyzstan is bordered by four neighboring countries. To the north, it shares a border with Kazakhstan, while Uzbekistan lies to the west. To the south is Tajikistan, and China borders Kyrgyzstan to the east. These countries form Kyrgyzstan’s connections within Central Asia.

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1. The national flag of the Republic of Croatia, also known in Croatian as the Tricolour (Trobojnica), is one of the state symbols of Croatia. It consists of three equal size, horizontal stripes in colours red, white and blue. In the middle is the coat of arms of Croatia. The shield depicts the red and white checkerboard of Croatia. Above the shield is a crown consist of shields of its various regions. From dexter to sinister they are the historical arms of Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria and Slavonia.

2. Croatia has population of approximately 3.85 million people. Croatia ranks 130 in the world by population.

3. Southeastern Europe, part of the Balkan Peninsula.

4. Croatian is the most popular language in the country, and 95% of the population are Croatian native speakers. Second language is a English, Italian, and German are popular foreign languages spoken in Croatia.

5. The predominant religion is Roman Catholicism. There also have Christianity, Jews and Atheist.

6. Croatian visual arts are rich and varied, encompassing architecture, sculptures, paintings, and cinema. In the realm of painting and sculpture, Croatia boasts several notable artists, such as Ivan Meštrović, a renowned sculptor whose works are celebrated worldwide, and Vlaho Bukovac, a prominent painter known for his detailed and evocative works.

7. Croatian cuisine varies by region but commonly features seafood (especially along the coast), meats, and pasta. Popular dishes include "pašticada" (braised beef) and "štrukli" (cheese pastry).

8. The Dubrovnik Summer Festival is one of the most famous, showcasing music, theater, and dance in the stunning backdrop of the historic city.

9. Croatia shares borders with Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.

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1)The flag of Denmark, known as the Dannebrog, features a red field with a white Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges. The vertical part of the cross is shifted toward the hoist side. The Dannebrog is one of the oldest national flags in the world, with origins dating back to the 13th century. It symbolizes Denmark's long history and heritage.

2)The current Denmark population as of 2024 is 5,977,412 people. The population is concentrated mainly in urban areas, with Copenhagen being the largest city and the capital.

3)Denmark is divided into five main regions which is Capital Region (Hovedstaden) includes Copenhagen and surrounding areas, Central Jutland (Midtjylland) covers the central part of the Jutland peninsula, North Jutland (Nordjylland) the northernmost region of the Jutland peninsula, Southern Denmark (Syddanmark) located in the southern part of the country, bordering Germany, and Zealand (Sjælland) includes the island of Zealand, where the capital city is located.

4)The main language spoken in Denmark is Danish. It's a North Germanic language and shares similarities with Swedish and Norwegian. While Danish is the official language, many Danes also speak English, especially in urban areas and among younger generations.

5)The main religion in Denmark is Christianity, specifically Lutheranism. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark, also known as the State Church, is the largest denomination and plays a significant role in Danish culture and traditions. While many Danes identify as members of the Church, a considerable portion of the population is non-religious or practices other faiths.

6)Danish art has a rich history that spans various movements and styles. There has five key aspects which is Historical Art, Modern Art, Design, Contemporary Art, Museums and Galleries.

7)The traditional cuisine of Denmark is Smørrebrød wich is open-faced sandwiches typically topped with fish, meats, and vegetables. Secondly, is Frikadeller. Danish meatballs made from ground pork or a mix of meats, often served with potatoes and gravy. Lastly, is Rugbrød. Dense rye bread that is a staple in Danish households.

8)Denmark hosts a variety of festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from music and art to food and culture. Here are top six festival in Denmark Copenhagen Jazz Festival, Roskilde Festival, Aarhus Festuge, Midsummer (Sankthans), Tivoli Gardens Events and Food Festivals.

9)Denmark shares maritime borders with several countries and has land borders with one which is Germany. Denmark shares a land border with Germany to the south, connected by the Jutland peninsula. Second countries is Sweden.To the east, Denmark is separated from Sweden by the Øresund Strait, which is spanned by the Øresund Bridge connecting Copenhagen and Malmö. Third country is Norway. Across the Skagerrak strait to the north, Denmark has a maritime border with Norway.

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1) The flag of Sweden consists of a blue field with a yellow or gold Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges. This design is rooted in the Nordic tradition of using crosses to symbolize Christianity. The blue color is often associated with loyalty and truth, while the yellow represents generosity and the sun. The flag reflects Sweden's cultural heritage and its ties to other Nordic countries, embodying national identity and unity.

2) The current Sweden population as of 2024 is around 10.5 million people. This figure reflects ongoing demographic trends, including immigration and natural growth. Major cities like Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö are significant population hubs.

3) Sweden is located in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Divided into three main regions, Norrland ,Svealand and Götaland. Sweden is also divided into 21 counties (län) for administrative purposes.

4) The main language in Sweden is Swedish (Svenska), which is a North Germanic language. It is the official language and is spoken by the majority of the population. In addition to Swedish, many people in Sweden are proficient in English, which is widely taught in schools and used in business and media. Other minority languages, such as Finnish, Meänkieli, and Sámi, are also recognized in certain regions.

5) The main religion in Sweden is Christianity, with the Church of Sweden (Lutheran) being the largest denomination. Historically, Sweden was predominantly Lutheran since the Reformation in the 16th century. However, the country is known for its secularism, and a significant portion of the population identifies as non-religious or atheist. Other religions, including Islam, Buddhism, and various Christian denominations, are also present, contributing to Sweden's cultural diversity.

6) Sweden has a rich and diverse arts scene that encompasses various forms, including visual arts, music, literature, theater, and design. Sweden's arts scene reflects its cultural heritage and contemporary influences, making it a vibrant part of the country's identity.

7) Swedish cuisine is known for its hearty and wholesome flavors, often featuring locally sourced ingredients. The most popular food in swede are Meatballs (Köttbullar), Herring (Sill), Gravlax, Räksmörgås, Surströmming, Kanelbullar, Pannkakor and Lutfisk.

8) Sweden hosts a variety of festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from seasonal changes to cultural traditions. Key festival include Midsummer (Sweden's most popular holidays), Valborg (spring festival), Crayfish Party (celebrates the crayfish harvest), Stockholm Pride (LGBTQ+ events), Christmas, Göteborgs Kulturkalas (cultural festival), Uppsala Early Music Festival (Celebrating early music). These festivals reflect Sweden's rich cultural heritage and community spirit

9) Sweden shares borders with Norway, Norway has a long border with Sweden that stretches across mountainous and forested regions. It also share borders with Finland, the border with Finland is less mountainous and features a mix of forests and lakes. Additionally, Sweden has maritime borders with Denmark to the south, connected by the Öresund Bridge

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1. The flag of Taiwan is referred to as the “blue sky, white sun, wholly red earth.” The white color of the sun symbolizes equality and democracy, whereas the blue symbolizes liberty and nationalism. The three colors (red, white, and blue) represent the three core principles of the country.

2. Taiwan population according to governmental statistics, over 95% of Taiwan's 23.4 million people are Han Chinese, of which the majority includes descendants of early Hoklo immigrants who arrived from Fujian in largenumbers starting in the 17th century.

3. The political geography of Taiwan can be divided into four major regions as follows like the north ; Taipei and Keelung , middle ; Miaoli County and Taichung City , south ; Yunlin and Pingtung , and east regions ; Yilan and Hualien , as shown in Fig.

4. The official language of Taiwan is Mandarin Chinese, commonly referred to as “Taiwanese Mandarin.” While Mandarin serves as the standard dialect for formal communication and is used in government, education, and media, Taiwan's linguistic landscape is rich and diverse.

5. The majority of Taiwanese people practice a combination of Budhism and Taoism often with a Confucian worldview, which is collectively termed as Chinese folk religion.

6. Taiwan’s indigenous art finds expression in various forms including weaving, pottery, carving, music, etc.

7. Famous food of Taiwanese is Wontons in Chili Oil. Delicately wrapped with meat and vegetable filling, the spice of the chili oil is perfect and something that I dream about on a regular occasion. Other than that, the another famous food in Taiwanese is Beef noodle soup and soup dumplings.

8. Festival in Taiwan is The Taiwan Lantern Festival. The festival is an annual event hosted by the Tourism Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications in Taiwan to celebrate the Lantern Festival. Many activities are held across Taiwan during the Lantern Festival; thousands of sky lanterns are lit over Pingxi District.

9. The neighbour countries of Taiwan is The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, lies between the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.

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1) The flag of Fiji, known as British Blue Ensign. Feature with white and blue vertical stripes with a red central shield bearing a white dove. That symbol was derived from the flags of Christian missionaries who had visited the area. The field of flag, which is light blue, is a symbol of Pacific Ocean. This body of water is extremely important to the nation for its role in its economy through the tourism and fishing industries. The flag also features a shield that was derived from the national coat of arms. This design symbolizes the agriculture of the nation, including a cocoa pod, sugar cane, bananas, and a coconut palm. It also features a dove that is a symbol of peace.

2) Fiji current population is 930,050 as of Tuesday, October 15, 2024 (United Nations data). The population is a mix of various ethnic groups, Indo-fijians (Indian Fijians), Rotumas, Banabans and Melanesians. The population consists of two principal ethnic group which is the indigenous Melanesian population or those who mixed Melanesian-Polynesian origin.

3) Fiji is a group of volcanic island that located in the South Pacific which is also sometimes called as Oceania. lying about 4,450 km (2,765 mi) southwest of Honolulu and 1770 km (1,100 mi) north of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 332 islands and 552 smaller islets.

4) Fiji has three official languages which is English, Fijian and Fiji Hindi. However, Fijian language is spoken as the first language by the most indigenous Fijians.

5) Christianity is the official religion of Fiji, 64.4% of Fijian are Christianity. However, the country also have a various other religions including Methodism, other Christian, Hinduism and Islam.

6) Despite the inexorable creep of modern times, traditional Fijian art forms are alive and well. Fiji is more than just a tropical paradise. It is also a land of vibrant and diverse culture. Fijiian art such as mat and basket weaving, architecture and body art, tapa cloth (bark cloth made from the mulberry tree), pottery, masi and wood carving are still praticed.

7) Fijian cuisine has long consisted of primarily foraged and farm-grown food. Fijians usually eat rice, sweet potato, cassava, fish, coconut, Cawaki (sea urchin), Lote (Dessert) Kokoda (raw fish marinating in lime juice), Kuita Vakalolo (Octopus Stewed in coconut cream), Rourou (stew) and taro. Meat, chicken and fish are also traditionally cooked in a lovo (underground oven).

8) Fiji celebrates various festivals. Hibiscus Festival (crowning of the Hibiscus Queen), Bula Festival (Welcome Festival), South Indian Fire Walking Festival (Self-discipline), Lautoka Sugar Festival (Sugar/Dessert trade), Holi (celebrate by the Indo-Fijians) , Fiji Day (Independence day)and Friendly North Festval (Charity event)

9) Fiji is located about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand and immediate neighbour include Vanuatu, Tonga and Samoa.

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1) The national flag of Saudi Arabia is a green background with Arabic inscription and a sword in white. The inscription is the Islamic creed, or shahada "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of God". Below the script, there is a white sword, which symbolizes the strength and justice of the nation. The green color is significant in Islamic tradition, often associated with paradise and the Prophet Muhammad.

2) Population of Saudi Arabia is estimated to be around 36 million people. The population includes a mix of Saudi nationals and a significant number of expatriates from various countries.

3) Saudi Arabia is located in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

4) The official language of Saudi Arabia is Arabic (Bahasa Arab). Arabic is used in government, education, media, and daily communication. English is used in bussiness and urban areas due to the significant expatriate community and the country's global economic ties.

5) Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia. It is divided into two groups consisting of Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims. Majority muslims in Saudi Arabia is Sunni Muslims. Shia muslims are a minority groups there.

6) Saudi Arabia has a many arts such as architecture, Saudi architecture blends traditional Islamic styles with modern design evident in the Kingdom’s mosques, palaces, and skyscrapers. Traditional music and Dance includes instruments like the oud and rababah, and dances such as the Al Ardah are performed at cultural celebrations.

7) Saudi arabia rich with traditional cuisine such as Kabsa, Matazeez and Jareesh. That food famous in central region.

8) Saudi Arabia celebrates many festivals related to religious tradition, culture and heritage. It is includes Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha. Jenadriyah Heritage and Cultural Festival, organized each year by the National Guard.

9) Saudi Arabia shares land borders with arab countries Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north, the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south.

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Flag Of The Country

The flag of Albania depicts a silhouetted black double headed eagle in the center of a red background. The red stands for bravery, strength, and bloodshed while the eagle stand for symbol of Albanians.

Population

The population of Albania is projected at 2.826 million as of July 1, 2024. The main ethic group in Albania is Albanians which is 82.6%, 0.9% stand for Greek and another 16.5% stand for other ethic.

Region

There are two major ethnographical regions of Albania, divided by the Shkumbin River which is Northen Albania also known as Ghegeria and Southern Albania known as Toskeria.

Main Language

Albania is a relatively ethnically homogeneous country with a vast majority of the population speaking the Albanian language which is also the country’s official language. However, the minorities in the country speak their own native languages like Greek, Macedonian, Romani, and others

.

Main Religion

The majority of its population identifies as Muslim. Beside Muslim, there are also got other religions in the country such as Christianity, Agnostic and Baha’i.

Arts

The art of Albania has a long and memorable history, represented in many forms such as painting, sculpture and architecture. It shows a great variety in style, in different regions and periods. The traditional Albania clothing developed as a result of long processes that has differentiated the country from other countries. It includes more than two hundred different forms of clothing in all Albania and neighbor country.

Food

Albanian food is a delightful fusion of Mediterranean flavors with a hint of Ottoman influence. It's fresh, simple, and incredibly flavorful. You’ve got dishes like Tavë Kosi, a delicious lamb or chicken casserole with yogurt and eggs, and Byrek, a pastry filled with cheese, meat, or veggies. The cuisine celebrates seasonal ingredients, ensuring every meal is a burst of freshness.

Festival

Albania hosts a variety of vibrant festivals throughout the year, celebrating its rich culture, history, and natural beauty. For example, Albanian celebrate traditional festival likes Dita e Verës, Gjirokastër National Folklore Festival, Apollonia Festival and others.

Neighbour Country

Albania shares land borders with 4 countries which is Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, Greece to the south, and Macedonia to the east. Besides that, Albania also shares maritime borders with Greece in the Ionian Sea and Italy across the Adriatic Sea.

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1.The flag of Vietnam consists of a red field with a large, yellow, five-pointed star in the center. The red background symbolizes the revolution and the struggle for independence, while the yellow star represents the unity of the workers, peasants, intellectuals, soldiers, and youth in building the country. The five points of the star symbolize these five groups of people.The flag is commonly known as the Red Flag with a Golden Star and has been in use since November 30, 1955, when it was officially adopted by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

2.Vietnam's population is approximately 99.5 million people. It is the 15th most populous country in the world and has experienced significant population growth over the past few decades. The country has a relatively young population, with a median age of around 32 years.

Population trends in Vietnam are influenced by factors such as urbanization, fertility rates, and migration patterns. The country has made progress in improving health care and reducing poverty, contributing to population growth and increased life expectancy.

3.Vietnam is divided into three main regions, each with distinct characteristics in terms of geography, culture, and climate. These regions are Northern Vietnam,Southern Vietnam and Central Vietnam.

4.The main language spoken in Vietnam is Vietnamese (also called Tiếng Việt). It is the official language of the country and is spoken by the vast majority of the population. Vietnamese is part of the Austroasiatic language family and uses the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet.

5.The main religion in Vietnam is Buddhism, particularly Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhism, which is practiced by the majority of the population.

In addition to Buddhism,Christianity has a notable presence, as well as Caodaism and Hoa Hao Buddhism.

6.Vietnam has a rich and diverse artistic heritage that spans thousands of years, blending indigenous traditions with influences from China, India, France, and other cultures.Example is Traditional Vietnamese Painting,Sculpture and Woodcarving and Modern and Contemporary Art.

7.Vietnamese cuisine is renowned for its fresh ingredients, balance of flavors, and emphasis on herbs and vegetables. The food culture varies across regions, with each area offering distinct specialties. Here are some of the most iconic and beloved dishes from Vietnam such as Pho (Phở),Goi Cuon (Vietnamese Spring Rolls) and Com tam (Broken Rice).

8.Vietnam has a rich cultural heritage, and its festivals are a reflection of the country's history, traditions, and spiritual beliefs. Here are some of the most important and widely celebrated festivals in Vietnam suach as,Tết Nguyên Đán (Lunar New Year),Tết Trung Thu (Mid-Autumn Festival) and Ba Na Hills Festival.

9.Vietnam shares borders with three neighboring countries such as China to the north,Laos to the west and Cambodia to the southwest.

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1) The flag of Monaco is graphically similar to the flag of Indonesia, with differences in their dimension ratios (Monaco's at 4:5 and Indonesia's at 2:3), and the shade of red is darker for the flag of Monaco. The national flag of Monaco has two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white (bottom).

2) The current population of Monaco is 38,546 as of Tuesday, October 15, 2024, based on the latest United Nations estimates. Monaco ranks number 216 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. The population is a mix of various ethnic groups, primarily Monegasques, French, Italians and Occitans.

3) Monaco is a sovereign city-state, with five quarters and ten wards, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. It is bordered by France's Alpes-Maritimes department on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Its centre is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Italy and only 13 km (8.1 mi) northeast of Nice. Monaco the second-smallest and the most densely populated country in the world.

4) The official language of Monaco is French. Italian and Ligurian are also widely spoken and serve as a second language.

5) Christianity is the official religion of Monaco. However, the country is also home to various other religions, including Judaism, Islam, others and also someone with no religion.

6) Monaco has an opera house, a symphony orchestra and a classical ballet company. Monaco has a national museum of contemporary visual art at the New National Museum of Monaco.

7) The cuisine of Monaco is a Mediterranean cuisine shaped by the cooking style of Provence and the influences of nearby northern Italian and southern French cooking, in addition to Monaco's own culinary traditions.

8) The Principality of Monaco hosts major international events such as International Circus Festival of Monte-Cario, Mondial du Theatre and Monte-Carlo Television Festival. Besides that, Monaco also has an annual bread festival on 17 September every year.

9) Monaco is a sovereign city-state, with five quarters and ten wards, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. It is bordered by France's Alpes-Maritimes department on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Its centre is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Italy and only 13 km (8.1 mi) northeast of Nice.

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1) The flag of Malaysia, known as "Jalur Gemilang" (Stripes of Glory), features 14 horizontal red and white stripes, representing the 13 states and the federal territory. In the canton, there is a blue rectangle with a yellow crescent and a 14-point star, symbolizing Islam and the unity of the states.

2) Malaysia has a diverse population of approximately 33 million people. The population is a mix of various ethnic groups, primarily Malay, Chinese, and Indian, each contributing to the country's rich cultural tapestry.

3) Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia, divided into two main regions: Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and East Malaysia, which is situated on the island of Borneo.

4) The official language of Malaysia is Malay (Bahasa Malaysia). English is also widely spoken and serves as a second language, especially in business and education.

5) Islam is the official religion of Malaysia, and the majority of Malaysians are Muslims. However, the country is also home to various other religions, including Buddhism, Christianity, and Hinduism, reflecting its multicultural society.

6) Malaysian arts are diverse, influenced by its various ethnic groups. Traditional forms include batik (textile art), wayang kulit (shadow puppetry), and silat (martial arts). Contemporary art is also thriving, with various galleries and art festivals promoting local talent.

7) Malaysian cuisine is a rich blend of flavors from Malay, Chinese, and Indian traditions. Popular dishes include nasi lemak (coconut rice), rendang (spicy meat dish), char kway teow (stir-fried noodles), and roti canai (flatbread). Street food is a significant part of the culinary culture.

8) Malaysia celebrates various festivals due to its multicultural society. Key festivals include Hari Raya Aidilfitri (celebrated by Muslims), Chinese New Year, Deepavali (Hindu festival of lights), and Gawai Dayak (celebrated by the Dayak people in Sarawak). Each festival showcases unique traditions and practices.

9) Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand to the north and Indonesia to the south. It is also close to Brunei on Borneo and has maritime borders with Vietnam and the Philippines.