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In the Early 1700's, France developed the idea of the Galant ideal. Which brought music back to a more simplistic style, which dominated musical writing in the early 18th century.

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Keyboard Exercises and developmet of form.

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Known mostly for his keyboard music, Domenico was the son of Alessandro Scarlatti, and was most known for his keyboard pieces known as essercizii or exercises. With his importance being in creating a greater sense of clarity in creating structure, which would later lead to the development of form in music.

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As more music began to become more complex, we started to see music fall into similar structure patterns, which became known as forms. the earliest examples of these include binary, ternary, sonata-allegro, and rondo. This helped composers be creative by expanding the standard bar of limitations and ideas that they could work with.

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Orfeo ed Euridice and Alceste

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Christoph Willibald Gluck was an Italian and French operatic composer who was known for pushing forward the development of Opera Seria in the classical period. Best known for Orfeo ed Euridice and Alceste. He kept people interested by shortening the length of both the recitative, as well as the cutting down of the periods of de capo aria. This helped to further the interest in the genre. He also planned to simplify them musically in order to make them more accessible to performers.

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Moving away from the Galant style of the early classical period, composers want to experiment with more artistic expression and emotional depth, and this style soon became known as the Empfindsamer Stil, or Empfindsamkeit in German.

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The Enlightenment served as a political and ideological movement that centered around people having more power and agency in their lives. The music created during the period of enlightenment was very representative of the ideals presented by philosophers. Majorly that of intellectualism.

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Trumpet Concerto Eb Major, The Seasons Hob. XXI:3, The Paris Symphonies No. 82-87. "Surprise Symphony" Symphony No. 94 in G major.

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Franz Joseph Haydn was an Austrian Musician who was best know for influencing the development of Chamber music during the classical era. Known as the “Father of the Symphony and the String Quartet”  Haydn, after his struggles to find work as a freelancer forced him to become more original, he was picked up by a patron and flourished when given the proper funding to develop his best works. Haydn was best known for his sense of humor, with the best example of this being in his “Surprise” symphony, which featured a period of legato music played softly, followed by a jarring chord in forte to wake up any sleeping or bored audience members. Haydn was best known for the Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major, The Seasons Hob. XXI:3, The Paris Symphonies No. 82-87 and the aforementioned "Surprise Symphony", or more formally known as Symphony No. 94 in G major. Hayden went on to tutor Ludwig von Beethoven and aid in moving music into the Romantic Period.

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Psalm Cantatas

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Marianna Martinez was a composer, pianist and singer during the classical era. Her most notable feat was the status she was able to rise to given how women were viewed during that era. As a composer, Martines wrote many of her works for solo voice as well as cantatas. Her harpsichord playing was comparable if not better than many of the masters of their time, although unable to dawn the title due to her social status, and many of her works were thought to have influenced Mozart in his future compositions.

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Armida,

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Antonio Salieri was an Italian Operatic Composer who, alongside Gluck, helped shape many of the features we have come to known and understand about opera. With his two most known Operas being Armeda and La fiera di Venezia. He was known as a rival of Mozart, and for a long time in history, he was thought to be Mozart’s murderer given their heated rivalry, but it can be said that they pushed each other to write and compose more and greater pieces of music.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)            

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)            

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The Magic Flute K. 620, Requiem Mass in D minor K. 626, Symphony No. 41 in C Major  K. 551, The Marriage of Figaro K. 492

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Mozart started playing music from a very young age and was considered a musical prodigy by those around him. His musical abilities started to manifest by age three and only continued to grow over time. Mozart was able to learn under the likes of Johann Christian Bach and used his incredible musicianship to challenge the patronage system in Europe. By the time Mozart died, he was known for writing and excelling in every genre of his time. Given his wide range, it’s hard to pin-point his most famous piece. But some of his most well-known works are The Magic Flute K. 620, Requiem Mass in D minor K. 626, Symphony No. 41 in C major (Jupiter Symphony) K. 551, and The Marriage of Figaro K. 492. Each piece written by Mozart displays his command of each form and expansive range of expression, and many of the circumstances around his pieces make them truly magical, such as him writing his own requiem upon his deathbed.

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The United States of America become a more influential powerhouse of musical development. Different styles of music continued to develop as more immigrants began coming to America, and the music that was being developed was being taken more seriously.