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Crowd of men and armed National Guard in front of the Ogden Cafe during the 1919 race riots in Chicago

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Mob Law in Washington D.C., New York Tribune July 27, 1919, Editorial Cartoon.

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Red Summer | Voice of Freedom | American Experience | PBS

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The Red Summer: The Chicago Race Riots of 1919.

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These riots against black people were stemmed from post-WW1 social tensions, such as the economic slump, the demobilization of Armed Forces members, and job/housing competition between European-Americans and African-Americans.

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These riots against black people were stemmed from post-WW1 social tensions, such as the economic slump, the demobilization of Armed Forces members, and job/housing competition between European-Americans and African-Americans.

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The term "Red Summer" was coined by James Weldon Johnson, a field secretary for the NAACP.

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The term "Red Summer" was coined by James Weldon Johnson, a field secretary for the NAACP.

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After a black man was a accused of raping a white woman, a white mob lynched him.  This caused a massive riot that pillaged the business district, some men attempted to hang the mayor of the town while others tried to burn down the courthouse.  The riot was eventually put down by federal troops.  Prior to this riot, Omaha newspapers had warned about violence between white and black workers in the meatpacking industry of Omaha.

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A black man swimming on the white side of a segregated beach was stoned to death, the police refused to arrest anyone despite eyewitness testimony - resulting in riots concentrated on the South Side of Chicago near the stockyards.  When the riots ended, 15 whites and 23 blacks had been killed and more than 500 people injured; an additional 1,000 black families had lost their homes when they were torched by rioters.

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On the first day of a week-long celebration to honor the return of black troops, police tried to arrest a black soldier who allegedly had started a flight. The attempted arrest led to scuffles and eventually gunfire.  City police combined forces with the US Navy to quell the riot.  The clashes between whites and blacks that day resulted in several injuries.

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Race riots erupted between black and white war veterans after an alleged rape of a white woman - the riots lasted four days and nights, left 50 people seriously wounded, six dead, and a 100 people less seriously wounded

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Between July 10th and 12th of 1919, white obs invaded the residences of black Texans in Longview, killing the residents and burning down their homes - riot was the result of black leaders investigating a lynching of a black man accused of making advances towards a white woman

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Philadelphia, PA - July 7th & July 31st 

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Philadelphia, PA - July 7th & July 31st 

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July 7th: Race riot at a carnival in West Philadelphia left one man taken to a hospital and 8 black men arrested

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Clashes between local white police and black soldiers in town for an Independence day parade left 8 people seriously injured and wounded

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Race riot on May 10th 1919 - one man killed, many others were beaten or shot - a result of a race riot begun by US Sailors, city placed under martial law

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Interactive Map link

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National Guardsmen, called in by Mayor 'Big Bill' Thompson after three days of rioting, question an African American man in Chicago, 1919.

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Neighborhood children raiding an African American family's house after they were forced out during the 1919 Chicago Race Riots.

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Members of the 369th Infantry Regiment, also known as the Harlem Hellfighters, who were awarded the coveted Croix de Guerre from the French government before heading home after World War I, 1919.