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-After the war many resources were used up and scarce in the US

-She starts asking questions about and obsessing over her father's shooting

-She talks on the phone with Julia Beaton and discovers all the hate she and her grandsons harbor for Whites

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- African Americans are still proud of their service even though they were forced to work in the kitchens.

- Her grandpa wanted her dad to go out in the world and get away from the discrimination in Birmingham, but even when he went into the navy, he was still treated inferior.

-After the war, many African American veterans talked about how they were fighting for a country that wasn't fighting for them.

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"The white child was instructed that the world of white privilege would tilt off its axis if he or she called a dutiful family employee Mr. Otis or Mrs. Ella Mae or used any other form of address proper only for whites." (Norris 87).

"In film and literature and elsewhere in popular culture, segregationists are often portrayed as grotesque caricatures warped by hate and aggression. But in reality the Jim Crow system was held firmly in place by fear on both sides of the color line; fear of diminished social status, lessened earning potential, or cheap, exploitable labor was as keenly felt as fear of white retaliation or loss of dignity. Both whites and black had to live according to a strict racial hierarchy". (Norris 88).

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"Many of them had joined thinking that they were marching off to combat, or at least stepping closer to full citizenship. But, as they would come to learn, their service only confirmed their status as second-class Americans" (Norris 81).

"I didn't realize at the time that a sink hose sprayer was the closest thing to a weapon many servicemen of color had been allowed to wield in World War 2" (Norris 82)

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Republican National Convention ; Streaming Church Services Share

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Watch Full Episodes Online of Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly on PBS | Birmingham and the Children's March

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In May 1963, hundreds of children-some as young as six years old-faced police dogs, fire hoses and arrest, to march against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama. Managing editor Kim Lawton looks at the march's legacy and interviews some of those who marched as children, including University of Maryland, Baltimore County President Freeman Hrabowski.