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Abraham Maslow was the father of humanistic psychology and the creator of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. In his book, Motivation and Personality (1954), he explained that human needs were hierarchical in nature and that humans strive to reach the highest levels of self-fulfillment (Owings & Kaplan, 2012). Simply put, human motivation is based on people seeking fulfillment through personal growth.

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Maslow's pyramid demonstrated that human needs ranged on a continuum from "deficiency" needs (psychological & social) to "being" or growth needs.  A person's basic needs must be satisfied before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs (Owings & Kaplan, 2012).

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Self-Actualization is rarely achieved (Owings & Kaplan, 2012).

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Self-Actualization is rarely achieved (Owings & Kaplan, 2012).

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Here are a few individuals that Maslow recognized as being self-actualized:
Thomas Jefferson
Abraham Lincoln
Albert Einstein
Mother Teresa
Ghandi
Eleanor Roosevelt

(Mcleod, 2014)

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Maslow's theory takes a holistic approach to education and learning. Before a student's cognitive needs can be met, they must first fulfill their basic psychological needs (Mcleod, 2014).

"The fact is that people are good, Give people affection and security, and they will give affection and be secure in their feelings and their behavior." --Abraham Maslow

https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/abrahammas179912.html

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Maslow's Needs--Motivational Tips for Principals

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Maslow's Needs--Motivational Tips for Principals

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There is considerable evidence that teacher morale and motivation has a direct and substantive impact on the overall performance of a school (Owings & Kaplan, 2012).

Here are a few tips for administrators:
1.  Be available to employees as individuals.  Communicate AND listen.
2.  Make your expectations clear.
3.  Provide regular and meaningful feedback.
4. Show appreciation for employees publicly and regularly.
5.  Emphasize collaboration over competition.
6.  Create a sense of community and provide opportunities for social interaction among employees.
7. Create opportunities for teachers to receive positive feedback from co-workers.
8.  Provide opportunities for professional development and training.

(Skemp-Arit & Toupence, 2007)

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Maslow's ideas have been criticized for his methodologies.  He used a method of biographical analysis of 18 people he identified as self-actualized (Mcleod, 2014).  (Some were mentioned above.)  Therefore, his experimentation was considered very subjective which reduced the validity of any data.  This does not mean his theory was wrong, but his opinions were not validated in the "normal" scientific way (Owings & Kaplan, p.71).

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Mcleod, Saul. “Simply Psychology.” Simply Psychology, Mar. 2014, simplypsychology.org/.

Owings, W. A., & Kaplan, L. S. (2012). Leadership and organizational behavior in education: Theory into practice. Pearson.

Skemp-Arlt, K. M., & Toupence, R. (2007). The Administrator's Role in Employee Motivation. Coach & Athletic Director, 76(7), 28-34.
http://search.ebscohost.com.averett.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ehh&AN=24489308&site=ehost-live