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History: Animated film derives from the old 'magic lantern' shows. These originated with the work of Jesuit Monks like Althanasius Kircher and Gaspar Schott, in the seventeenth century, and the turning windmills of Dutchman Pieter Van Musschenbroek in the early eighteenth century.
Examples: "Batman The Animated Series" 1992, various google "doodles", "Morph" 1977
Pros: It can better show the emotions or message that the artist wants to convey, with animation most ideas can happen, regardless of if they're possible in the real world
Cons: It can be very time consuming depending on the type of animation used, and could potentially be very expensive as well

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Brief History:
- In the former years of animation for education was traditional, which was both time-consuming and expensive.
Examples of animation used in education:
- Animation can be used in classes such as science and maths, where it can for example, show how the solar system works or how a student can algebraically manipulate equations.
-other classes also include English, Foreign languages, music and art can also be used to present dynamic content.
Advantages:
-The advantages of having animation in education is that there is high impact interactivity, which in turn keeps the students interest in the topics. This also helps with time-wasting, as it allows them to gather important parts from books as such and provide instant feedback within the class.
Disadvantages:
-The disadvantages of having animation in education is that it can prove to be too distracting for some students. furthermore, not all of the important information needed can be inputted into the animation, giving the students a reason to select an easier level of work. Also, The setting up of the animation can be both expensive and time-consuming, as it needs to personalized to suit the students needs.
The type of animation used in the education:
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Topic 4: How is animation used in simulation? 

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Topic 4: How is animation used in simulation? 

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History of  simulations

Manhattan Project: 1942 to 1946

Examples:
1. CAD
2. Air Craft Simulators
3. Weather simulation.

Advantages
Animation within simulations allows you to experience a situation without endangering yourself. Within air simulations, to train in a military aircraft all the time is costly.  Can give accurate data that can be presented to the user.

Disadvantages
To get a very detailed simulation will be less cost effective.

What type of animation is used, has it changed over time?
Simulation uses real world physics and uses and "engine" that has set physics for different situations

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Brief history:
- Animation was first used before cinematography, however its history in entertainment starts with the silent era, moving forward to Walt Disney and the Warner Bros. Now the animation period is the television era, using multiple types of animation such as stop motion and CGI (Computer Generated Images) animation.

Examples of films that use animation:
- many films use animation, however there are some that stand out from the crowd such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which is one of, if not the first fully hand drawn feature films. other films that use animation include Shrek, Toy Story and Coraline.

Advantages of animation in this area:
- Animation plays a huge part in the entertainment industry.

Disadvantages of animation in this area:
-

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Brief History
Animation has been used in advertising for a very long time. It can allow advertisers the ability to demonstrate their product in a creative and interactive way. Animation can also generate interest or 'Hype' into an object or product, that is the subject of an animated advert.
Advantages
Animation is a tool that can give advertisers a lot of freedom in terms of how they present the product that they are advertising. It can also allow the advertiser to show the product in a way that is appealing to younger audiences. A disadvantage is that animation can sometimes be perceived as childlike or immature, meaning it would not be suitable to animate an advert for a product that is aimed at older generations.

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©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©

The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion. Max Wertheimer, one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, defined this phenomenon in 1912.

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©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©
Beta movement is an optical illusion, first described by Max Wertheimer in 1912, whereby a series of static images on a screen creates the illusion of a smoothly flowing scene. This occurs when the frame rate is greater than 10 to 12 separate images per second.

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©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©
Persistence of vision refers to the optical illusion that occurs when visual perception of an object does not cease for some time after the rays of light proceeding from it have ceased to enter the eye.

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persistence of vision is where multiple discrete images blend together to create one image over a short period of time in the human mind.

Beta Movement
Beta movement is an optical illusion where a series of static images on a screen creates the illusion of a smooth flowing image on the screen.

Phi phenomenon
phi phenomenon

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Persistence of Vision

The ability of the human eye to continue to see the image of an object for a short duration even after the removal of the object.

Phi Phenomenon

The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion

Beta Movement

Beta movement is an optical illusion, first described by Max Wertheimer in 1912, whereby a series of static images on a screen creates the illusion of a smoothly flowing scene. This occurs when the frame rate is greater than 10 to 12 separate images per second.

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Beta: This optical illusion is caused by the fact that the human optic nerve responds to changes in light at about 10 cycles per second, so changes about double of this are registered as motion instead of being separate distinct images
Phi:  The phi phenomenon is an apparent movement caused by luminous impulses in sequence
POM: This is the theory that images stay within the retina of the viewer for a specific amount of time and therefore the images seen will blend together if viewed within that timeframe together

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Is an optical illusion, first described by Max Wertheimer in 1912, whereby a series of static images on a screen creates the illusion of a smoothly flowing scene. This occurs when the frame rate is greater than 10 to 12 separate images per second.
Persistence Of Vision
Refers to the optical illusion whereby multiple discrete images blend into a single image in the human mind and believed to be the explanation for motion perception in cinema and animated films.
Phi Phenomenon
Is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion. Max Wertheimer, one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, defined this phenomenon in 1912.