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Created by Kyler Woodburne,
working individually

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Definition:
Correlation means that something is occurring but not necessarily the cause, causation means that it is the reason something is happening. An example of this is "eating a lot of chips will make you grow taller",  neither one is causing the other to happen.

Connection:
This article talks about how eating raw fish and rice can provide a longer life expectancy. This is a good example of this red flag because there is no cause and effect relationship between eating raw fish and rice and living longer, but there is with the vitamins/nutrients contained in some of these foods that can help you live longer. this also doesn't take into effect the lifestyle of a person. you can eat as much foods to help you live longer as you want but if you don't exercise and sit around just eating food all day it can actually have a negative effect on life expectancy.

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Research conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) reveals that following the traditional Japanese diet of raw fish and rice may help you live longer.

A staple diet of rice and raw fish - high in protein and Omega 3, with no bread or dairy - is thought to contribute to the average Japanese life expectancy of 86.4 years (compared to 82.7 in the UK).

The secret is less food, but higher quality.

Japanese people actually consume 25% fewer calories than the average Westerner, and food tends to be fresh and simply prepared.

The leading gerontologist (researcher of old age) Craig Wilcox, who has spent years examining longevity on the Okinawa islands in Japan, says that the other important factor was that the Japanese diet is "low down the food chain".

"They eat three servings of fish a week, on average... Plenty of whole grains, vegetables and soy products too, more tofu and more seaweed than anyone else in the world, as well as squid and octopus, which are rich in taurine - that could lower cholesterol and blood pressure."

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Eating a Japanese diet rich in raw fish and rice may increase life expectancy

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Research conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) reveals that following the traditional Japanese diet of raw fish and rice may help you live longer. A staple diet of rice and raw fish - high in protein and Omega 3, with no bread or dairy - is thought to contribute to the average Japanese life expectancy of 86.4 years (compared to 82.7 in the UK).

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Definition:
Suppression by Authorities is basically when a government or scientific body doesn't take a claim seriously into consideration because of personal beliefs, or it's in their best interest to hide the claim. the best example of this is in the medical industry if a scientist came up with a cure for cancer, the scientific body / health industry wouldn't let it become public knowledge because of the money they would lose from treatments and other expenses from the patient being sick.

Connection:
This article is a good example of suppression by authorities because it discusses how for 15 years the notion of researching gun violence and the behaviours that cause it as been continuously shot down when asking for funding  with the government deciding the money is better used elsewhere when horrible events are happening involving guns where individuals are using guns to cause harm or death to others that could of been prevented a long time ago if the funding had of been granted.

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Politics, science and the suppression of research

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Although the scientific community generally opposes political interference, we cannot separate the interaction between politics and federal funding of science and research.

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Definition:
Proof by Verbosity means that by providing a bunch of evidence and information that your claim must be true. an example is when companies do ads that try and cram as much information in their 30 second window as possibly while demonstrating successful accounts of their product working in a video to make it seem like the product actually works.

Connection:
This shamwow commercial is a good example of Proof by Verbosity because they try and shoot as much information at you in the 2 minutes as they possibly can and even using "average people" to support their claims about their product. The guy in this video continuously feeds you information while demonstrating the shamwow in action. If you use skepticism with this video its not that hard to think that the regular towel/cloth was already wet during the demonstration while the shamwow was perfectly dry.

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Definition:
Appeal to authority basically refers to the use of powerful imagery to get people more interested in a product or to make people believe it is more credible due to the imagery used.  the most common ways are people dressed as dentists or doctors in lab coats for toothpaste or supplement ads, celebrity endorsements, or educational institutions being mentioned to create some kind of connection.

Connection:
This ad demonstrates appeal to authority because they use a known weight lifter and actor Arnold Schwarzenegger as a model to the ad to create the idea in our head that if we use that supplement when we workout that we will get big and ripped just like him. most people that start taking supplements are easily fooled by these ads because they don't know enough about supplements and choose the ones that has some kind of endorsement by a celebrity they feel they can trust.

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Definition:
Ancient Wisdom at the roots is believing that ancient practices or beliefs are more trustworthy or more credible than modern medicine or modern science. some popular examples of anceint wisdom are the flat earth theory, blood letting, human sacrifice etc.

Connection:
This article about leech therapy is a good example of ancient wisdom, since it is known to have gone as far back as the anceint egyptian era and possibly earlier and is still used by people today.
Leech Therapy is basically using the leeches to extract blood and release anticoagulants through their saliva. leeches are known to have been used in medicine to treat nervous system abnormalities, dental problems, skin diseases, and infections. this is an outdated practice as scientists can create the peptides and proteins (anticoagulants) that are secreted by the leeches in labs and just inject them into patients or create a pill form.

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Overview

Since the time of ancient Egypt, leeches have been used in medicine to treat nervous system abnormalities, dental problems, skin diseases, and infections.

Today, they're mostly used in plastic surgery and other microsurgery. This is because leeches secrete peptides and proteins that work to prevent blood clots. These secretions are also known as anticoagulants. This keeps blood flowing to wounds to help them heal.

Currently, leech therapy is seeing a revival due to its simple and inexpensive means of preventing complications.

How it works

How does leech therapy work?

Medicinal leeches have three jaws with tiny rows of teeth. They pierce a person's skin with their teeth and insert anticoagulants through their saliva. The leeches are then allowed to extract blood, for 20 to 45 minutes at a time, from the person undergoing treatment. This equates to a relatively small amount of blood, up to 15 milliliters per leech. Medicinal leeches most often come from Hungary or Sweden.

There are several situations in which leech therapy may be used. People who may benefit include those who risk limb amputation due to the side effects of diabetes, those who have been diagnosed with heart disease, and those who are undergoing cosmetic surgery in which they risk the loss of some of their soft tissue. The therapy has also been recommended to treat blood clots and varicose veins.

People with anemia, blood clotting conditions, or compromised arteries are not candidates for leech therapy. Children under the age of 18 years old and women who are pregnant are also usually advised to avoid it.

Medical applications

Medical applications for leech therapy

During a session, live leeches attach themselves to the target area and draw blood. They release the proteins and peptides that thin blood and prevent clotting. This improves circulation and prevents tissue death. The leeches leave behind small, Y-shaped wounds that usually heal without leaving a scar.

Leeches are effective at increasing blood circulation and breaking up blood clots. It should be no surprise that they can be used to treat circulatory disorders and cardiovascular disease.

Chemicals derived from leech saliva have been made into pharmaceutical drugs that can treat:

Clinical trials suggest that leech therapy is an appropriate treatment for the common joint disease osteoarthritis. The anti-inflammatory and anesthetic properties in the leech's saliva reduce pain and tenderness at the site of the affected joint.

Heart disease

People with heart disease use leech therapy because of its potential to improve inflammation and blood flow. In the past few years, leech therapy has become an acceptable alternative therapy for people with vascular disease and disorders.

Cancer

Cancer treatments using leech therapy are being explored because of the platelet inhibitors and special enzymes contained in leech saliva. While people with certain blood cancers are not advised to use leech therapy, it has been shown to slow the effects of lung cancer. Animal testing also shows that directly injecting leech saliva into mice helps prevent the colonization of cancer cells.

Leech therapy and diabetes

Can leeches help with diabetes?

The progression of diabetes can cause numerous problems. These problems can lead to vessel diseases that limit or prevent blood from reaching the toes, fingers, hands, and feet. When blood flow becomes severely restricted, the affected tissue can die. This is the leading cause of amputation among people with diabetes. Losing a digit or limb due to complications from diabetes is a major concern for millions of people worldwide.

The most effective way to stop this process is to increase circulation to the affected tissues without the risk of blood clots. Research has shown that leech therapy can play a role.

The Hirudin substance in leech saliva thins the blood and keeps it from clotting. Since people with diabetes tend to have thicker blood, Hirudin can help relieve the pressure on the heart and cardiovascular system by thinning the blood. Researchers have observed positive outcomes in cases where Hirudin has been used for treat diabetes.

A recent case study showed how traditional Unani medicine, which includes leech therapy, was able to help save the foot of a 60-year-old woman with diabetes. Synthetic forms of leech saliva now exist, but researchers have discovered that using as few as four leeches in one session can help reduce the risk of amputation.

Cosmetic use

Leech therapy for cosmetic use

Leeches have become popular for preserving soft tissue and promoting healing after facial reconstructive surgery. In both old and new case studies, leech therapy has been shown to increase the chance of positive outcomes in reconstructions affecting the:

Leech therapy's effect on blood clotting during and after these surgeries helps the body to heal more naturally and completely.

Leech therapy's benefits for blood circulation has also led some people use leech therapy to treat baldness and hair loss on the scalp.

Side effects

Are there side effects?

Leech therapy is both easy and has a lower risk of side effects than other therapies. However, there are some risks. There's a risk of bacterial infection, sometimes involving drug-resistant bacteria, so make sure to avoid leeches outside of a regulated environment. For this reason, people who are immunocompromised by autoimmune disease and environmental factors are not good candidates for leech therapy.

If something goes wrong after a round of leech therapy, blood will ooze out of the area that has been treated and the site of the leech bite will not close. Sometimes leeches will try to move to another area of the body where you do not need treatment, causing unnecessary blood loss. On occasion, a person will discover during or after leech therapy that they are allergic to leech saliva. If complications such as these occur, you will know right away and will no longer be a candidate for this treatment method.

Takeaway

Takeaway

It makes some people squeamish to imagine leeches being used as a modern medical treatment. But more and more research is showing that there's a reason why leeches were relied upon for centuries as an essential part of medical care. As we continue to find out more about the special properties in leech saliva, it may very well be that the treatment has even more practical use than we would have ever thought possible.

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Since the time of ancient Egypt, leeches have been used in medicine to treat nervous system abnormalities, dental problems, skin diseases, and infections. Today, they're mostly used in plastic surgery and other microsurgery. This is because leeches secrete peptides and proteins that work to prevent blood clots.

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Definition:
Patternicity is seeing patterns in pictures or videos. an example of this is a person seeing an animal head in the picture of a mountain.

Connection:
This picture is one of many found online that in which a lot of people believe they see an alien base on the moon. these pictures are quite popular because we can be tricked into believing these images represent shapes of buildings because we have no way of percepting depth of craters or the shapes of the natural landscape. we believe we see an alien base on the moon but it could just be a mountain or crater that's been shaped by years of asteroids hitting the surface of the moon

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Definition:

The unexplained reason for belief is anything we encounter that can't be given an explanation about. An example is the planes and ships that disappear without a trace in the bermuda triangle. There are many theories about what happens to these aircraft and vessels but there has yet to be a reason given that is supported by evidence.

Connection:
This video connects with the unexplained reason for belief because the phenomena encountered in the video's or photos has yet to be given a scientific explaination for why the people or creatures are being caught on camera in certain frames, or only showing up for a split second and disappearing. The most interesting story in the video is that of the girl caught in a frame by the motion activated camera, even though there was no other houses in the area for miles and the girl was not dressed appropriately for the weather which leads to questions like where did she come from? or why did she only show up in one frame?

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5 Incredibly Creepy & Unexplained Events Caught on Camera...

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Unsolved photographs & videos that need some serious explaining. KoraMK2's original video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75Io4dEZXJI Keith Weldon's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5bzLxkVWrI&feature=youtu.be ____________________________________________________________________ The Top5s Magazine is now available! https://www.top5s.co.uk/magazine Don't forget to follow TOP5s on Social Media to keep up with upcoming videos, articles and new information!

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Definition:
Agenticity refers to assigning meaning to something we don't understand. For example blaming ghosts for the flickering of a candle.

Connection:
This article discusses a scientists claims that the crop circles are messages left by aliens or time-travellers. this is a good example of angenticity because the crop circles are an unexplained phenominon that are generally considered evidence of aliens visiting earth. as far as we know these crop circles could be pranks created by neighbors and friends from the common belief that it is aliens responsible.

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CROP circles are real and contain hidden messages from aliens or human time travellers, a scientist has claimed.

Dr Horace Drew, 61, also suggested that the mysterious phenomena are a method extra-terrestrial beings are using to try and peacefully communicate with the human race.

Dr Drew, who holds a PhD in Chemistry from the prestigious California Institute of Technology, made the claims at the UFO & Paranormal Research Society of Australia last Wednesday.

He revealed that he had a lifelong fascination with UFOs after seeing an unidentified, silver and windowless craft hovering near his home as a 10-year-old in Florida, USA.

He moved to Australia in the 1980s and has been studying crop circles for 20 years, reported news.com.au.

He said that the study of the peculiar plant arrangements had led "to at least one major breakthrough the discovery of a more advanced binary code than our computers currently use."

Additionally, other crop circles "show schematic images of the future for astronomical or human events".

Sceptics say crop circles are most probably made by humans with some even trying to hoax the general public as pranksters Doug Bower and Dave Chorley did.

In 1991 the English pair took credit for most of the crop circles found in southern England since 1978 and even tricked dedicated crop circle enthusiasts as part of hoax with the media.

Dr Drew says he has developed at least two theories regarding crop circles. The first is that they are messages left by technologically advanced alien species trying to communicate with us.

He said: "When [humans] want to talk with dolphins we put little bubble circles under the ocean with a generator. We watch the dolphins come up and play and investigate, and we study them."

He added: "[US Presidents] have never said to a dolphin 'take me to your leader, I want to sign a treaty with you' and [the extraterrestrials are] not interested in making a treaty with us. They are ahead of us like we are ahead of the dolphins and the whales."

His second theory is that the messages "are not even for us" and that they are left byhuman time travellers from the distant future as directional markers.

He said: "There are definitely humans living there in about 5000 years with time travel capability. They're coming back and flying all over Earth. [The crop circles] seem to just say 'this is a certain day' and mark it.

"So the trouble is we don't know space time physics enough to understand what's happening. It's beyond our knowledge."
We pay for your stories! Do you have a story for The Sun Online news team? Email us at tips@the-sun.co.uk or call 0207 782 4368.

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Scientist claims crop circles are hidden messages left by aliens or human time travellers

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CROP circles are real and contain hidden messages from aliens or human time travellers, a scientist has claimed. Dr Horace Drew, 61, also suggested that the mysterious phenomena are a method extra-terrestrial beings are using to try and peacefully communicate with the human race.