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The root word also lends itself to other geologic terms. The sub-discipline of geology that involves study of rock strata is called stratigraphy. Layering of rocks or sediment is also called stratification. A sequence of sedimentary layers stacked one atop the other is known as a stratigraphic section.

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metamorphic rock definition. Rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence of heat, pressure, or some other agent without passing through a liquid phase. Note : Examples are marble, which can be formed from limestone, and slate, which is formed from shale.

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Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. Note : Limestone and shale are common sedimentary rocks.

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Extrusive igneous rocks cool and solidify quicker than intrusive igneous rocks. They are formed by the cooling of molten magma on the earth's surface. The magma, which is brought to the surface through fissures or volcanic eruptions, solidifies at a faster rate.

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1. an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion.