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http://www.cityofdubuque.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1178

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Blacks Where   Forbidden to Marry Whites in 1840

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the first black student to graduate from the university of Iowa was in 1879.

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http://www.visitmuscatine.com/170/Alexander-Clark

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Edna was born on October 23, 1909, in Lexington Kentucky!

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Berrier, Galin, et al. “African-Americans in Iowa, 1838-2005.” Iowa Pathways, Iptv, 1995, www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath/african-americans-iowa-1838-2005.

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At Iowa State Carver was a brilliant biology student. Upon graduation he was offered a teaching position. He was the first black teacher at Iowa State College.

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http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath/father-fights-equal-rights

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gorge Washington cover met a girl and something that made her mad

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Alexander Clark sued the school board because his daughter was denied from the Muscatine school because she was black

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Edna and John Bibbs sat down to order ice cream sundaes at Katz Drug store. After they ordered the waitress walked over to the ice cream dispenser when a white man whispered a message to the waitress. The waitress walked over to Edna and John and told them she could not serve them because of their race.

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In 1868 Alexander retired  barbering and spent the rest of his life in public service.His service involved resisting racism and segregation while fighting for equal rights.

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Edna was outspoken which means she spoke out a lot. She held sit-ins and protests. She brought people to court when she thought something wasn’t right with equal rights.

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http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath/african-americans-iowa-1838-2005

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Supported the Republican party then broke with it.

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http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath/iowa-and-underground-railroad

this is some research on Iowas underground railroad houses

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http://www.cityofdubuque.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1178

this is a timeline of Iowas civil rights timeline.

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During that time black Iowans—former slaves and
the children of slaves—had struggled to shape the collective
memory of bondage, war, and freedom.

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in Iowa sports history Johnny Bright won All-American status for his role as Drake’s quarterback in 1950. Calvin Jones (1960s) and Reggie Roby (1980s) won the same honor playing for the University of Iowa. Carl (Casey) Cain and Acie Earl did the same playing Hawkeye basketball.

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Elizabeth Catlet, singer Al Jureau, and opera star Simon Estes are other black artists who have Iowa roots.

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https://iowaculture.gov/sites/default/files/History%20-%20Education%20-%20Lifelong%20Learning%20-%20Iowa%20Underground%20Railroad%20%28PDF%29.pdf
underground railroad in Iowa, as well as an Anti-Slavery timeline

http://www.cityofdubuque.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/1178
Iowa Civil Rights Histories

http://publications.iowa.gov/1650/1/annual66activities.html
Iowa Civil Rights

https://councilbluffscommunityalliance.wordpress.com/iowa/iowas-progressive-history/
Iowa's Progressive History

http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath/laws-and-african-american-iowans
Laws and African-American Iowans

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Went to Iowa State and had to eat food in the kitchen instead of the cafeteria.

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More than 100 Iowans helped with the Underground Railroad.

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Hi did you no that us African Americans were not as good as non black people because of the skin we have.

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Men like Josiah Grinnell, James Jordan and the Rev. John Todd helped fugitive slaves escape slavery as conductors on Iowa’s Underground Railroad. These and other men were also abolitionists and supported John Brown’s attack on slavery in Kansas and at Harper’s Ferry.

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Alice walker developed their talents at the univertsity of iowa writes.

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His daughter wanted to go to a school that was closer to their house .

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 The struggle for black                     freedom

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 The struggle for black                     freedom

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The struggle for black freedom in Iowa began in 1804 when York entered the state as a slave with the Lewis and Clark expedition exploring the Louisiana Purchase. It ended in 1839 when Charles Mason, chief justice of Iowa’s Supreme Court outlawed slavery with his ruling in The Matter of Ralph.

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THE ORIGIN AND RATIONALEOF THEIOWA CIVIL RIGHTS ACT*

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THE ORIGIN AND RATIONALEOF THEIOWA CIVIL RIGHTS ACT*

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This year is the fiftieth anniversary of an important event in
the history of human rights in this state–the enactment of the Iowa
Civil Rights Act. That statute was first proposed in 1964. It was
enacted in 1965, and has subsequently been amended in a number
of significant respects.

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"33rd vice president of the United States (1941–45)"

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The Case of Ralph” was decided by the Territorial Supreme Court allowing a
slave residing in Iowa to retain his freedom.Meaning he was treated with respect and not a slave.

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Black lowans advanve  evan more after  world war 2

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On July 7, 1948, Edna was kicked out of Katz drug store.

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Emma sued a steamboat and it got sent up to the Iowa supreme court