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Stone Age (6000 BCE - 2000 BCE).

- Were an ancient way of story telling by dancing and using props.
- Religious rituals.
- The earliest example of ritual evolving into “theatre” comes from Ancient Egypt.
Play: Osiris Passion Play

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From 550 BC to 220 BC.
in Ancient Greece

- The famous drama masks may be traced to Ancient Greek Theater.
- With the performance of tragedy plays at religious festivals.
- Greek comedy was divided into four parts.

Plays: Aeschylus (c. 525 - c. 456 BCE) and Sophocles (c. 496-406 BCE).

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In 240 B.C - 476
Ancient Rome

- became popular in 3rd century BC.
- included festival performances, street theatre, and acrobatics.
-Drama flourished under the republic but declined into variety entertainment under the empire.

Roman playwrights included Seneca for tragedy and Plautus and Terence for comedy.

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401-1500

- source of entertainment and education for residents of the Middle Ages.
- Medieval theatre covers all drama produced in Europe  and refers to a variety of genres.
- liturgical drama.

Play: The Chester Mystery Plays.

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1603–1867
Japenese Drama

- Theater involving music, dance and drama, originating in the 14th century.
- Movement is slow, language is poetic, tone is monotonous, and costumes are rich and heavy.
- Often relate to dreams, supernatural worlds, ghosts and spirits.

Playwright: Zeami the greatest playwright and theorist of the Japanese Noh theatre.

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From the 16th through the 18th century.

- Italian theatrical form that flourished throughout Europe.
- This is shortened from commedia dell’arte all’improvviso, or “comedy of improvisation”.
- The actors often wore masks. - The stories were often about people being cunning, hunger, money, and love were important in the stories.

Playiwright: FLAMINIO SCALA

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Between 1562 and 1642.
England

-English Renaissance drama is sometimes called Elizabethan drama.
-Playwrights worked in both the classic types of drama, tradegy and comedy.
- The playwrights of the era, such as Shakespeare and Marlowe, were not intellectuals and wrote to entertain rather than to instruct.

Playwright: William Shakespeare.

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1660 to 1700

- French culture was especially influential in
Restoration society.
- Unique fusion between Elizabethan stage
conventions and Italian and French styles.
- Comedy of manners is used as a synonym of Restoration comedy.

Playwright: William Wycherley

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Between 1558 and 1642.
England

- well known for its intense drama, flighty romances and comedies has held within itself a treasure trove of art, music and literature.
- Elizabethan theatre itself was notoriously raucous..
- There was also no scenery to speak of, and the costumes let the audience know the social status of the characters.

Play: The Spanish Tragedy

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18th Century Theater: Romanticism, Naturalism

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18th Century Theater: Romanticism, Naturalism

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- realistic costume.
-Naturalism were create an illusion of reality through a range of dramatic and theatrical strategies.
-Romanticism inadvertently paved the way for easier acceptance of Realism.
-popular past time.

Playwrights:
Naturalism
-Woyzeck (1837) by Georg Buhcner.
Romanticism
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)

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Europe and United States

-describes a wide range of movements in the theatrical culture of Europe and the United States in the 19th century.
-Melodrama, in turn, by popularizing departures from Neoclassicism and capturing the interest of large audiences.
-the process of scenic design and construction had become standardized.

Play: The Stranger (1789)

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20th Century Theater: Theater of the absurd, realism, physical theater, musicals.

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20th Century Theater: Theater of the absurd, realism, physical theater, musicals.

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-Theater of the absurd, the term is also loosely applied to those dramatists and the production of those works.
-Realism, was meant to be a direct observation of human behavior.
-Physical theater, genre of perfomance makes use of the body.
-Musicals, Broadway was known as the "Great White Way".

Play: The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical).