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The Mississippi River was the primary conduit for supplies and communication through the south as well as a vital lifeline for goods going north. To Confederate President Jefferson Davis, Vicksburg was the "nailhead that holds the South's two halves together."  President Abraham Lincoln remarked, “Vicksburg is the key! The war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket.” The Vicksburg Campaign began in 1862 and ended with the Confederate surrender on July 4, 1863

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In many ways, the coming of the Civil War challenged the ideology of Victorian domesticity that had defined the lives of men and women in the antebellum era. In the North and in the South, the war forced women into public life in ways they could scarcely have imagined a generation before.

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The Mayfield Fortification is a historic American Civil War earthworks at 8401 Quarry Road in Manassas, Virginia. It is one of a series of fortifications constructed by the Confederate Army to defend the critical Manassas railroad junction in 1861. The fort consisted of earthworks with log revetments, and was built by local Confederate troops and slave labor. After 1862 the fort was sporadically occupied by Union forces

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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

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One interesting new technology used by the Union
was the hot-air balloon. Balloonists would fly above
enemy troops to determine their movements, numbers,
and locations. The South soon figured out ways to
combat the balloonists including camouflage and ways
of shooting them down.

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Cannons were used by both sides during the war.
Cannons were best at destroying enemy fortifications.
They could fire either a large solid cannon ball or a
bunch of smaller iron balls. Some cannon could knock
down a wall or other fortification from up to 1000
yards away. The most popular cannon on both sides was
a French-designed 12-pound howitzer cannon called
the Napoleon. It usually took a crew of four soldiers to.

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Sometimes the soldiers would end up in close hand-to-hand combat where they
no longer had time to load their rifles. Much of the time they would use a
knife-like spike that was attached to the end of their rifle called a bayonet. If they
dropped their rifle, then they may have a large knife they would use to fight with.
Officers often had swords or pistols that they would use in close combat.

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Most soldiers on the battlefield fought with guns. At the start of the war, many
soldiers used old style guns called muskets. Muskets had smooth bores (the inside
of the barrel) and this made them inaccurate for distances longer than 40 yards or
so. These muskets also took a long time to reload and were unreliable

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this one is part of the civil war uniforms.

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“Yankee” and “Rebel” are nicknames that the Northerners
and Southerners gave each other shortly after the start of the
Civil War. The Northerners were called “Yankees” and the
Southerners, “Rebels.” Sometimes these nicknames were
shortened even further to “Yanks” and “Rebs.” the old unfrom are wried and there is not as muck of pading.

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Free will, Predestination, Reform ( change ), 2nd Great Awakening, Charles Finney, Revivals,  Social Reform, Slavery Reform ( Abolotionist), Harriet Tubman, Underground Railroad,  Harriet Beacher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin,  Frederick Douglass, William

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The Alamo, Santa Anna ( how he died ),  Mexican American War, Annexation of Texas, Mexican Cession and Gadsden Purchase, Treaties with Native Americans, Sam Houston, other art about Manifest Destiny, movies made about the events of the Alamo, Davy Crockett

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Within days of the fall of Fort Sumter, four more states joined the Confederacy: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. The battle lines were now drawn.

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women in the west the donner party trappers mountsin men californios missionaries the whitman mormon life oregon trail wagons joseph smith founder of mormo church,

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so this about the abolitionists movment so nothwest ordinance of 1787 slavery trady stephen dougals abe lincoln frederik douglass north star newspaper david walker appeal to the colored citizens of america.

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Dix's 40-year-long crusade for the reform of mental asylums

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this about how the young kids got into the civl war how they did it was they put a note in the boat and put 18 on it so the perso could belive them or they brought their dad.

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A dunce cap, also variously known as a dunce hat, dunce's cap or dunce's hat, is a pointed hat, formerly used as an article of discipline in schools in Europe and the United States